Agent-Based軟件工程的研究與應(yīng)用.pdf

1、摘要讓計(jì)算機(jī)軟件具有智能性，代替人類(lèi)處理復(fù)雜多變的堅(jiān)巨任務(wù)是人們孜孜以求的目標(biāo).在人工智能研究領(lǐng)域中，人們?yōu)榱诉_(dá)到此目標(biāo)，克服一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難，己經(jīng)初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)的智能化。Agent技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，又為提高計(jì)算機(jī)的智能化提供了更堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文將人工智能理論中的Agent技術(shù)引入到軟件工程的領(lǐng)域，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件的智能化自動(dòng)生成系統(tǒng)的理論研究和應(yīng)用。先，本文總結(jié)了軟件工程的發(fā)展歷程，分析了目前該領(lǐng)域的現(xiàn)狀以及研究中存在的問(wèn)題和不足。指出由于

2、當(dāng)今的絕大多數(shù)軟件系統(tǒng)是事前設(shè)計(jì)好的，在一定范圍內(nèi)固定不變的成品軟件，所以很難適應(yīng)自然社會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的發(fā)展特性，以及軟件結(jié)構(gòu)落后，可靠性低、軟件發(fā)展落后于硬件使得硬件不能充分發(fā)揮效用等問(wèn)題。通過(guò)分析得出傳統(tǒng)的軟件工程理論己經(jīng)滯后于軟件的發(fā)展需求，只有引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，新思想，才能克服軟件生產(chǎn)所固有的缺限.因此本文提出將人工智能領(lǐng)域中近期興起的Agent技術(shù)引入到軟件工程領(lǐng)域，改變?cè)熊浖幕窘Y(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，創(chuàng)建一種新型的具有智能化、社會(huì)化的自

3、適應(yīng)的軟件生成系統(tǒng)。其次，本文介紹了人工智能領(lǐng)域中的Agent概念及產(chǎn)生的背景，探討了Agent的各種理論模型及應(yīng)用前景。利用Agent的特點(diǎn)，并綜合軟件工程，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，數(shù)理邏輯等理論，采用MultiAgent模型解決軟件生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)的需求分析，系統(tǒng)分析，軟件設(shè)計(jì)等的自適性問(wèn)題。由于Agent具有社會(huì)性和自主性，因此可以將具有Agent特性的軟件系統(tǒng)與自然社會(huì)相對(duì)應(yīng)，處理現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的各種復(fù)雜多變的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。本文利用數(shù)理邏輯和時(shí)序邏

4、輯，首先從理論上對(duì)單個(gè)Agent的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了形式化分析和理論證明，建立了單個(gè)Agent內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的形式化模型。然后，從MultiAgent的社會(huì)化角度入手，分析了每個(gè)Agent在Agents社會(huì)中所扮演的角色，作用及利草沖突等問(wèn)題，形式化地描述了整個(gè)Agent社會(huì)組成方式和工作方式。并提出了利用自然社會(huì)中的“競(jìng)價(jià)”方式，解決Agent間的資源沖突及“上崗”運(yùn)行的問(wèn)題，較好地解決了軟件的動(dòng)態(tài)需求，動(dòng)態(tài)分析，和動(dòng)態(tài)生成的難題，并且為克服計(jì)

5、算機(jī)資源浪費(fèi)，資源分配不公找到了更好的解決方法。所構(gòu)建的Agent社會(huì)模型和沖突解決模型，有效地表達(dá)了自然社會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)及事物的發(fā)展規(guī)律。AbstractItisaconsistentaimtomakecomputersintelligentinprocessingagreatquantityofcomplexworkforhumanbeings.Intheresearchfieldofartificialintelligencethepr

6、eliminaryaimdificulties.TheofcomputerintellectualizationisachievedbyovercomingnumerousappearanceofAgenttechnologyprovidesasolidtheoreticalfoundationfortheimprovementofcomputerintellectualization.InthispapertheAgenttechno

7、logyinartificialintelligencetheoryisappliedtoSoftwareEngineeringforstudyingthetheoryandapplicationofSoftwareAutomationBuildSystem.FirstlyareviewofthehistoryofSoftwareEngineeringispresentedandthecurrentsituationofthisfiel

8、dincludingtheproblemsanddefectswasanalyzed.Itisfoundthatmostofthecurrentsoftwaresystemsaredesignedinadvanceandnotadaptabletotherequirementofdynamicdevelopingsociety.Meanwhilethecurrentsoftwaresystemshaveotherlimitssuchas

9、unreasonablestructureofsoftwarebadreliabilityandthedevelopmentofsoftwarewhichlagsfarbehindthatofhardwaresothatthehardwarecannotbebroughtintofulluse.Itwasconcludedthatthetheoryoftraditionalsoftwareengineeringfailstomeetth

10、erequirementofsoftwaresonewideaandtechnologyshouldbeintroducedtoovercometheintrinsicdefectsinsoftwaredevelopment.InthispapertherecentlydevelopedAgenttechnologyinthefieldofartificialintelligenceisappliedtoSoftwareEngineer

11、ingthearchitectureandmanufactureprocedureofthesoftwarearechangedandanewsoftwareproductionsystemwithhighintellectualizationsocializationandstrongselfadaptabilityiscreatedSecondlytheconceptofAgentanditsevolutioninthefieldo

12、fartificialintelligenceisintroducedandthediferenttheoreticalmodelsandtheirapplicationsarediscussed.ThenbyusingAgentandcombiningtheoryofSoftwareEngineeringtheComputerNetworktechnologyandMathematicalLogicthemultiAgentmodel

13、isusedtosolvetheadaptiveproblemssuchastheanalysisofdynamicrequirementsystemanalysisandthedesignofsoftwareetc.Becausetheagentissocialandautonomousthesoftwaresystemwithagentcharacteristicscanmeetthenaturesocietyandtodealwi

14、ththecomplexpracticalproblemsinthereallife.OnthebasisofMathematicalLogicandTimeLogictheindividualinternalstructureofAgentisformallyanalyzedandtheoreticallydemonstratedandtheformalmodelofeverykindofagentinternalstructurei

15、sbuilt.ThenfromthepointofviewoftheMultiAgentsocializationtheroleofeachAgentinAgentssocietytheconflictoftheirinterestsetcarediscussedandtheentireAgentarchitectureandoperationmodeareformallydescribed.Bymakinguseofthe“barga