外文翻譯--komatsu先進(jìn)的液壓系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　學(xué)院 (系)： 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　姓 名： </p><p

2、>　　學(xué) 號(hào)： </p><p>　　外文出處： Manufacturing Engineering and Technology-Machining </p><p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 </p><p>　　

3、附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　Komatsu先進(jìn)的液壓系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　操作舒適，生產(chǎn)能力大</p><p>　　人性化設(shè)計(jì)的駕駛室——既寬敞又實(shí)用。寬大的有色玻璃窗給操作員極大的視線。帶扶手五擋調(diào)節(jié)座椅，短行程手搖桿，上位開(kāi)啟前窗和帶杠桿的駕駛用的腳踏板，所有這些都起到有助于操作員最大限度地提高產(chǎn)量的作用。</p><p

4、>　　操作噪聲低——這完全是因?yàn)橛邢冗M(jìn)的OLSS液壓系統(tǒng)以及封閉式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)室和具有橡膠支墊的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。所有這一切都有助于降低駕駛室的噪聲。</p><p>　　手控操作桿——使得施工設(shè)備的操作輕而易舉。安裝在扶手上的手控操作桿最大行程僅為65mm(2.6in),KOMATSU比例壓力控制操作系統(tǒng)能減少準(zhǔn)確控制施工設(shè)備所需的操作強(qiáng)度。</p><p>　　回轉(zhuǎn)制動(dòng)裝置——即使推土機(jī)停泊在坡

5、路上也能自動(dòng)防止液壓漂移。操作員不再需要在施工設(shè)備作業(yè)的過(guò)程中用手握住制動(dòng)裝置。此外，回轉(zhuǎn)控制裝備還配置有封閉式滑閥，以便順利的啟動(dòng)和停止。</p><p>　　行駛/駕駛控制裝置——腳踏板控制裝置配有可拆卸的控制桿。兩者可根據(jù)實(shí)際運(yùn)用和操作員的偏愛(ài)加以選擇使用。</p><p>　　支墊機(jī)構(gòu)——在臂缸懸臂首端、鏟斗缸和底部卸料缸中，能消減液壓缸伸展和收縮引起的震動(dòng)，從而增加操作的舒適性，

6、延長(zhǎng)部件的壽命。</p><p><b>　　燃耗最低</b></p><p>　　兩種模式選擇系統(tǒng)，挖掘效率高——模式選擇開(kāi)關(guān)可選定泵驅(qū)動(dòng)功率的兩種模式：S（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式）或（輕負(fù)荷模式）。當(dāng)需要大功率挖掘時(shí)，選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式；當(dāng)挖掘機(jī)用來(lái)運(yùn)送輕材料或平地時(shí)，選擇輕負(fù)載模式。結(jié)果，縮短了周期時(shí)間，增加了產(chǎn)量，減少了燃耗。</p><p>　　三種模式

7、選擇系統(tǒng)——H（重負(fù)荷）、S（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)荷）和L（輕負(fù)荷）三種模式可選擇提供，以便獲得最匹配的選擇。使用重負(fù)荷模式時(shí)，由于微型計(jì)算機(jī)能根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速凍準(zhǔn)確的控制泵的排量，故發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出功率被有效地轉(zhuǎn)換成液壓動(dòng)力。最匹配的模式選擇功能增加了操作的效率。</p><p>　　自動(dòng)減速系統(tǒng)（可供選擇）——當(dāng)施工設(shè)備和駕駛控制設(shè)備處在無(wú)功狀態(tài)時(shí)，會(huì)自動(dòng)降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度。為何在等待卸料時(shí)還要浪費(fèi)燃料呢？在短時(shí)延遲后，微調(diào)控因此不

8、會(huì)受影響，電磁閥會(huì)自動(dòng)降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度，給你節(jié)約燃料。</p><p>　　Komatsu OLSS系統(tǒng)——在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中將液壓損失減少到最低程度。這種液壓輔助系統(tǒng)能減少三種液壓損失。</p><p>　　減少空載損失：當(dāng)控制桿處于空檔位時(shí)，負(fù)控制閥會(huì)控制不必要的油料流動(dòng)，從而液壓泵排出的油量被減少到最低程度。</p><p>　　減少精確控制的損失：當(dāng)需要進(jìn)行平整、

9、起重、對(duì)中或給翻斗車裝料這樣的精確操作時(shí)，通常會(huì)浪費(fèi)大量的油量，從而進(jìn)一步節(jié)約燃料。</p><p>　　減少卸荷的損失：當(dāng)施工設(shè)備遇到堅(jiān)硬的障礙物時(shí)，通過(guò)排放液壓油來(lái)保護(hù)設(shè)備免受損害。在這種情況下，OLSS系統(tǒng)會(huì)檢測(cè)到此狀況，斷開(kāi)閥會(huì)根據(jù)未使用的油量調(diào)節(jié)液壓泵的排油量，從而極大的減少液壓損失和噪聲。</p><p><b>　　動(dòng)作流暢有力</b></p>

10、;<p>　　獨(dú)立的回轉(zhuǎn)回路——配合合并臂的使用，管路能保證鏟斗的動(dòng)作流暢，周期時(shí)間短。這三種泵系統(tǒng)配有獨(dú)立的回轉(zhuǎn)泵，能是回轉(zhuǎn)泵和合并臂或懸臂的管路共同工作且不損失速度。這一特點(diǎn)在平地、修坡或其他需要頻繁的懸臂動(dòng)作的場(chǎng)合中尤其可貴。（圖29說(shuō)明臂獨(dú)立操作時(shí)的油流）</p><p>　　圓弧或水平挖掘開(kāi)關(guān)（供選擇）——消除了復(fù)雜的控制桿動(dòng)作。三檔開(kāi)關(guān)使操作員能夠在圓弧挖掘和水平挖掘之間進(jìn)行選擇。在水平

11、挖掘時(shí)，將開(kāi)關(guān)調(diào)至第三檔位并可開(kāi)啟鏟斗角度補(bǔ)償功能，防止溢漏。</p><p>　　直線行駛閥——自動(dòng)聯(lián)鎖左右液壓管路，即使在施工設(shè)備同時(shí)運(yùn)行時(shí)，也能使推土機(jī)總是直線行駛。</p><p>　　兩速行駛——使機(jī)器在極端崎嶇的路面條件下火爬坡時(shí)具有極大的牽引力。</p><p>　　寬大的作業(yè)范圍和更大的車底盤(pán)保證穩(wěn)定作業(yè)和最佳的施工性能。</p>&l

12、t;p>　　PCI600施工范圍寬，挖掘力量大，是包括礦山、采石場(chǎng)等大型工地上的理想挖掘機(jī)。通過(guò)運(yùn)用長(zhǎng)履帶、寬軌距和理想的重量平衡設(shè)計(jì)，車底盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)實(shí)，使挖掘機(jī)具有極佳的穩(wěn)定性和巨大的挖掘力量。</p><p>　　Komatsu SA6D149柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)保證燃料消耗低</p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總功率大，可達(dá)808馬力（604KW），使得繁重的挖掘和裝載變得輕而易舉。采用直噴式燃油

13、系統(tǒng)，極大的提高了燃燒效率。此外，采用了減少重量的設(shè)計(jì)原則和減少活動(dòng)部件之間的摩擦的方法，進(jìn)一步提高了節(jié)省燃料的效果。渦輪增壓器和后置冷卻器使得SAD140即使在高海拔的工地也能保持良好的性能。</p><p>　　Komatsu公司質(zhì)量就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)——顯示盤(pán)不停地件事所有運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)。如果萬(wàn)一發(fā)生故障，操作員立刻就能知道哪個(gè)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了故障，從而節(jié)省因?qū)ふ覇?wèn)題而損

14、失的寶貴時(shí)間。另外，儀表始終檢測(cè)著運(yùn)行時(shí)間、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水位和油位。</p><p>　　最大的車底盤(pán)組件——在同類產(chǎn)品中壽命更長(zhǎng)。Komatsu大型推土機(jī)使用了這種底盤(pán)。此外，履帶馬達(dá)保護(hù)罩作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件用于馬達(dá)不受障礙物的損害的。</p><p><b>　　全方位超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加固</b></p><p>　　所有鏟斗面都用110kg/mm2(156.5

15、00PSI)高抗拉強(qiáng)度鋼板加固。懸臂和臂也采用箱型斷面設(shè)計(jì)的高抗拉強(qiáng)度鋼板。其他部位都是使用精心挑選的組件，如給主泵進(jìn)油端加壓用的耐用葉片泵，耐高壓的液壓組件，使用脈沖惰性氣體鎢極保護(hù)焊接的液壓管道接縫，簡(jiǎn)潔的液壓管路。其效果十分顯著：耐用性和可靠性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　Kawasaki 動(dòng)力裝載機(jī)</p><p>　　CUMMINS（康明斯）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)工程考驗(yàn)堅(jiān)固耐用<

16、/p><p>　　這種四沖程六缸水冷渦輪增壓直噴式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)始終最好的性能和最好的效率。在各種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速條件下，始終都能保持最高的轉(zhuǎn)矩，同時(shí)通過(guò)高效地燃料燃油–空氣混合氣，可產(chǎn)生450馬力（有效地）功率，以滿足同類裝載機(jī)的各種施工要求。配有大燃料箱（620ltr），能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作而無(wú)需加油。</p><p>　　計(jì)算機(jī)控制的自動(dòng)變速系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　不需要令人煩

17、惱的換擋了！一旦你用方向和速度控制桿選擇好方向和“自動(dòng)”位置時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)就會(huì)自動(dòng)選擇最佳的轉(zhuǎn)速（前進(jìn)：二、三、四擋；后退：二、三擋），讓你集中精力工作。</p><p><b>　　可靠的腳踏制動(dòng)閘</b></p><p>　　雙路液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的全封式侵油多盤(pán)制動(dòng)閘保證轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)制動(dòng)萬(wàn)無(wú)一失，因此只要輕踩踏板，就能靈敏的制動(dòng)四個(gè)車輪。由于使用耐磨的內(nèi)襯，故延長(zhǎng)了制動(dòng)閘盤(pán)

18、的壽命。</p><p>　　堅(jiān)固的車梁、懸臂和鏟斗缸托架</p><p>　　全箱形斷面車梁經(jīng)加固處理后能承受動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)組件的重量，而鏟臂和鏟斗缸托架則用優(yōu)質(zhì)的侯鋼板制成，能承受震動(dòng)和轉(zhuǎn)載時(shí)的載荷沖擊力。</p><p><b>　　檢查和維護(hù)更簡(jiǎn)便</b></p><p>　　一按即可打開(kāi)散熱器格柵——為了方便清洗，散

19、熱器格柵能從頂部完全打開(kāi)，故在發(fā)生阻塞并需要及時(shí)的清洗的工地上尤其有使用價(jià)值。</p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)室開(kāi)啟幅度更大——發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)側(cè)蓋開(kāi)啟的幅度更大，使得從地面檢查和維護(hù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和相關(guān)部件時(shí)十分容易。</p><p>　　雙結(jié)構(gòu)空氣凈化器——雙元件空氣凈化器能過(guò)濾外來(lái)的污染空氣，能給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供清潔的空氣。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停機(jī)時(shí)積累的灰塵會(huì)自動(dòng)清除。</p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)換

20、油更簡(jiǎn)潔——發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)換油塞布置在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外室，便與打開(kāi)，不污染工作人員。</p><p>　　封閉式裝載機(jī)鉸鏈銷軸——所有鉸鏈銷軸全部密封封入潤(rùn)滑脂，故不用經(jīng)常維護(hù)就能得到可靠的保養(yǎng)。金屬密封環(huán)會(huì)延長(zhǎng)連接銷和襯套的使用壽命。</p><p>　　坐在堅(jiān)固的耐用的機(jī)車?yán)锊僮魅藛T會(huì)感到舒適，以最佳的狀態(tài)工作</p><p>　　多擋可調(diào)的操作人員座椅——115ZIV 提供多

21、種舒適的功能。帶扶手有靠背的座椅可充分調(diào)節(jié)高度、位置、傾斜度；經(jīng)精心設(shè)計(jì)，座椅的位置，視線角度，方向盤(pán)踏板和操作桿之間達(dá)到完美的平衡。座椅座套內(nèi)的填芯經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)能進(jìn)一步減小震動(dòng)。</p><p>　　噪音更低——通過(guò)CUMMINS發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)額外多余的動(dòng)力、大型排氣消聲器，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)側(cè)蓋和后護(hù)欄內(nèi)的隔音聚氨酯橡膠內(nèi)襯以及操作室地板上的消震橡膠墊，可將操作室里的噪音減少到最低程度，同時(shí)始終保持最理想的氣候條件。</p>

22、;<p>　　便利的設(shè)施和扶手——上述這一切都將確保操作人員在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間駕駛過(guò)程中始終感到舒適，不僅如此，在操作人員伸手可及的地方還布置有很多設(shè)施，如飲料杯架，托盤(pán)，儲(chǔ)藏箱等。操作人員座椅右側(cè)的扶手十分舒服，可前后滑動(dòng)，上下調(diào)節(jié)，減少了懸臂和和鏟斗的繁忙操作過(guò)程中的疲勞。</p><p>　　操作控制便利——當(dāng)然，方向和換擋操作桿、油門(mén)踏板、剎車踏板、鏟斗和懸臂控制桿、手柄式方向盤(pán)以及選擇開(kāi)關(guān)和按鈕，都

23、是按照人類工程學(xué)原理設(shè)計(jì)的，操作起來(lái)得心應(yīng)手。</p><p>　　方向和換擋控制，一桿兩用——利用駕駛盤(pán)左側(cè)的一根操作桿，使在變向和換擋時(shí)一蹴而就。只需要拉動(dòng)控制桿就可以選擇方向：向里拉就后退，向外推就前進(jìn)，同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)桿就能選擇所需要的前進(jìn)或后退的速度。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　Komatsu

24、Advanced Hydraulic System</p><p>　　Operator Comfort for Maximum Productivity</p><p>　　Human engineered cab —is both roomy and efficient. The large area of tinted glass allows the operator excell

25、ent visibility. Five-way seat with arm rest, short stroke wrist-control lever，pull-up front window and travel pedals with levers work together to help you operator maximize production</p><p>　　Wrist control

26、levers —for easy work equipment operation. The armrest-mounted wrist control levers have a maximum stroke of only 65mm and Komatsu’s Proportional pressure Control System reduces operating effort for precise control of wo

27、rk equipment.</p><p>　　Swing holding brake —automatically prevents hydraulic drift of the machine even when it’s parked on a slope. The operator is no longer required to physically maintain a braking device

28、during work equipment operation. Also, the swing control is equipped with a closed center spool valve for smooth starts and stops.</p><p>　　Travel/steering controls —are foot pedals with detachable lever con

29、trols. Either can be used depending on an application and 0pator preference.</p><p>　　Cushion mechanism —in the arm cylinder and head end of boom, bucket cylinders and bottom dump cylinder absorbs operating

30、shocks from cylinder extension and retraction, increasing both operating comfort and component life (Fig.26)</p><p>　　Minimized Fuel Consumption</p><p>　　Two-mode selection system for high excav

31、ation efficiency —the mode selection switch detem1ines pump driving horsepower in either two staves (standard) or L (Light -duty) mode. When powerful excavation is required, select the S mod. Choose the L mode when the e

32、xcavator is engaged in loading light materials or leveling work (Fig. 27). As a result, cycle time is shortened for increased production and reduced fuel consumption.</p><p>　　Three mode selection system —H

33、(Heavy-duty), S (Standard) and L (Light-duty) — is optionally available to obtain best matched selection. On the H mode, since the microcomputer precisely controls oil discharge volume from pumps in response to engine sp

34、eed, engin1e output power is effectively converted into hydraulic power. The best-matched mode selection enhances operating efficiency.</p><p>　　Auto decelerator system (option) —autocratically reduces engin

35、e speed when work equipment and travel controls are in neutral. Why waste fuel waiting on the dump truck? Following a short time delay, so fine control work will not be affected; a solenoid valve automatically slows the

36、engine and saves you fuel.</p><p>　　Komatsu OLSS System —minimizes hydraulic loss during operation. This hydraulic sub-system function to reduce three types of hydraulic loss.</p><p>　　? Reducti

37、on of neutral loss:</p><p>　　When control levers are positioned in neutral, unnecessary oil flow is profited by the Negative Control valve so the amount of oil discharged from the hydraulic pumps is reduced

38、to a minimum.</p><p>　　? Reduction of relief loss:</p><p>　　When the work equipment hits a hard obstacle, oil is Fig.28 Komatsu OLSS system drained to protect it from damage. In such a case ，the

39、 OLSS senses and the status and the cut-off valve regulates oil output from the pumps in response to the amount of unused oil, resulting1 in greatly reduced hydraulic loss and noise.</p><p>　　Smooth Powerful

40、 Operation</p><p>　　Independent swing circuit —combined with the use of merged arm circuits provide smooth bucket movements and fast cyc1e time. This three pump system with an independent swing pump allows c

41、ompound operation of the swing and arm and/or boom circuit without sacrificing speed. This feature is especially valuable in leveling， slope finishing or other application where frequent arm action is required.</p>

42、<p>　　Circu1ar arc or level digging switch (option) — eliminates complex lever movements. A three way switch allows the operator to choose between circular arc or level digging. The third switch position activates

43、 the bucket angle compensation during level digging to prevent spillage.</p><p>　　Straight travel valve —automatically interlocks the left and right hydraulic circuits allowing the machine to always travel s

44、traight, even when simultaneously operating the work equipment.</p><p>　　Smooth swing action —is assured with a control-valve-operated swing system. Swing stops and starts are smooth and firm.</p><

45、;p>　　Two speed travel —allows the machine to achieve extra pulling power on extremely rough ground conditions or uphill travel applications.</p><p>　　Wide working range and larger undercarriage assure sta

46、ble operation for maximum working performance. With its wide working range and great digging for，the PC1600 is one of the ideal excavators at large-scale jobsites inc1uding mining yards, quarries and others. Its undercar

47、riage are sturdily built by employing long track, wide track gauge and ideal weight balance design, enabling it to obtain excellent machine stability and tremendous digging force.</p><p>　　Komatsu SA6D140 di

48、esel engine assures low fuel consumption. It delivers an ample 808 HP (604 KW) of total power, making easy work out of heavy-duty digging and loading. And it adopts a direct-injection fuel system for great1y improved com

49、bustion efficiency. In addition, the lightweight design and reduced friction between moving parts further boost fuel economy. The turbocharger and aftercooler allow the SA6Dl40 to maintain high performance even on high-a

50、ltitude jobsites</p><p>　　At Komatsu the Qua1ity is Standard</p><p>　　Electronic monitoring system —is a display panel that continuously monitors all operating systems. If a malfunction should o

51、ccur ，the operator is immediately warned which system is experiencing trouble, saving valuable time lost searching for the problem. Also, gauges const1y monitor service hours, engine water temperature and fuel level.<

52、/p><p>　　Above-standard reinforcement throughout. All bucket facets are reinforced with thick, 110kg/mm2 (156, 500 PSI) high-tensile-strength steel plate the boom and arm also have box-section designs of high-t

53、ensile-strength steel plate. Many other carefully chosen cornponents are employed throughout such as the sturdy impeller pump for pressurizing the main pump suction side, high pressure resistant hydraulic components, pul

54、se T. 1. G. welded hydraulic piping joints and simple hydraulic piping. The res</p><p>　　Kawasaki Power Loader</p><p>　　Job-proven, rugged Cummins engine</p><p>　　This four-cycle, s

55、ix-cylinder, water-cooled, turbocharged direct-injection engine has been designed for maximum performance and efficiency. It develops a consistently high torque across a wide range of engine rpm’s while utilizing efficie

56、nt fuel-air mixture combustion, delivering 450 HP (gross) to meet all loader operating demands of its c1ass. A large fuel tank (620 ltr.) enables long operating hours without refilling.</p><p>　　Computer-con

57、trolled automatic transmission</p><p>　　No more annoying gear shifts! Once you select the direction and Auto with the directional and speed control lever ,the optimum engine rpm's and speed (forward: 2nd

58、 and 3rd) are automatically selected by the computer-control system (see figure), leaving you to concentrate on bucket loading operations only.</p><p>　　Dependable service brake</p><p>　　Brakin

59、g is assured withdua1-line hydraulically-actuated, fully-sealed wet multi-disc brakes, so highly responsive dependable braking is deliveredωall four wheels with light touch operation. And a wear-resistant lining is used

60、for the discs to prolong the service life</p><p>　　Tough frame and boom and bucket cylinder bracket</p><p>　　Full box section main frame has been. Strengthened to support engine and power train

61、Component, while the boom and bucket cylinder brackets are made of quality thick plates to resist shock and loading stresses.</p><p>　　Simplified checks and maintenance</p><p>　　One-touch swing-

62、up radiator, radiator grille－To facilitate c1earting the radiator, the radiator grille is fully-opened at the top, particularly useful on sites where clogging occurs and immediate cleaning is needed.</p><p&g

63、t;　　Wide-opening engine compartment－ The engine side covers can be opened wider, making it easy to check the engine and related parts the ground.</p><p>　　Simplified engine oil drainage － Engine oil drain pl

64、ug is located outside the engine compartment for easy access without getting dirty.</p><p>　　Double-structure air cleaner －The double element air cleaner filters contaminated outside air to supply pure air t

65、o the engine. Accumulated dust is automatically removed when the engine stop.</p><p>　　Sealed loader linkage pins－All pins are fully sealed with grease to provide dependable service minimum maintenance. Meta

66、l-seal ring also extend the life of the pins and bushings.</p><p>　　A comfortable operator, housed in a rugged machine performs at his peak</p><p>　　Multi-adjustable operator’s seat－The 115ZlV p

67、rovides a wealth of functional comforts. The bucket seat with armrest is filly adjustable for height, position and tilt, and the critical ba1ance between seat location, visual political steering wheel, pedda1s and levers

68、 is carefully designed. The padding inside the fabric seat cover is designed to absorb extra vibration.</p><p>　　Lower noise－Noise inside the operator' s compartment is minimized by the extra margin of p

69、ower in the CUMMlNS engine , a large exhaust muffler, soundproofing urethane rubber lining the engine side cove and rear grille, and vibration –absorbing rubber mounting on operator’s compartment floor, maintaining ideal

70、 climate conditions at all times</p><p>　　Amenities and arm-rest－All the above ensure lasting comfort during long hours at the wheel. What’s more, many extra features such as a drink holder, trays, sωrage bo

71、x, etc. are arranged within easy reach of the operator. A comfortable 8liding and vertically-adjusted arm-rest on the right side of the operator's seat reduces fatigue during busy boom and bucket operations.</p>

72、;<p>　　Easy-access operator controls－Naturally the direction and gearshift lever ,accelerator pedal, brake pedals, bucket and boom control levers, handle-mounted steering wheel and selector switches and buttons a

73、re ergonorrtica1ly designed and easy to reach.</p><p>　　Single-lever directiona1 and gearshift control－With a single lever on the steering column, a1l directiona1 and gearshift changes are brought to you ins