污水處理器系統(tǒng)外文翻譯---基于plc的控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理中的應(yīng)用

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　基于PLC的控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　介紹了以PLC為核心的分布式控制系統(tǒng)在污水處理系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用。具體敘述了控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、任務(wù)分配及實現(xiàn)、控制方式和程序設(shè)計思想.控制系統(tǒng)采用集中監(jiān)測管理、分散控制的方式，上位機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)現(xiàn)場設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)程控制和監(jiān)視，軟件采用Intouch7. 0編制。P

2、LC本地站負(fù)責(zé)對具體的工藝、設(shè)備、主要被控參數(shù)進(jìn)行控制及采集各種運行數(shù)據(jù)，程序設(shè)計采用具有在線跟蹤和離線仿真功能的Concept 2. 2XL軟件。上位機(jī)與PLC之間采用組網(wǎng)簡單、運行速度快、通信穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)的MB+網(wǎng) 。整個控制系統(tǒng)成功地解決了PLC在污水處理中的自動化控制問題，提高了污水處理設(shè)備運行效率和管理水平。</p><p>　　近年來，為了實現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量、低消耗、穩(wěn)定可靠的運行。國內(nèi)外許多污水處理廠采用了現(xiàn)代

3、先進(jìn)控制技術(shù)和計算機(jī)技術(shù)，從而構(gòu)成計算機(jī)監(jiān)督、控制、管理系統(tǒng).使系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化運行。而可編程邏輯控制器（PLC）則是以微處理器為核心。綜合了計算機(jī)技術(shù)自動控制技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)而發(fā)展起來的一種新型、通用的自動控制裝置。具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性能優(yōu)越、可靠性高、靈話通用、易于編程、使用方便等優(yōu)點等。銀川市第一污水處理廠采用了SBR工藝及以PLC為核心的控制系統(tǒng)，日處理污水10 x 104 t處理后的達(dá)標(biāo)污水可用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉。</p><p

4、><b>　　1 控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　控制系統(tǒng)采用“集中監(jiān)測管理，分散控制”的方式。模擬屏、上位機(jī)、集線器、打印機(jī)位于中控室，二臺PLC位于控制現(xiàn)場。采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)可使生產(chǎn)過程中的信息能夠集中管理，以實現(xiàn)整體操作、管理和優(yōu)化。同時，也使得控制危險分散，提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。</p><p><b>　　1.1上位機(jī)</b>&l

5、t;/p><p>　　中控室的兩臺上位計算機(jī)采用PII級工控機(jī)，運行Windows NT操作系統(tǒng)。上位機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)現(xiàn)場設(shè)各的遠(yuǎn)程控制(全自動控制、自動控制、點動控制)和監(jiān)視，利用Intouch7. 0工程軟件包提供良好的人機(jī)對話界而，以查詢方式從PLC獲取有關(guān)參數(shù)和設(shè)備狀態(tài)信息，以棒圖形式在CRT上直觀顯示出來，同時打印必要的數(shù)據(jù)，供主控及管理人員指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)。監(jiān)控界而包括系統(tǒng)總圖、系統(tǒng)分圖、模擬量一覽表、參數(shù)設(shè)置、報警窗、

6、歷史趨勢、登錄窗等界而.在系統(tǒng)總圖里，運行人員能夠監(jiān)視所有控制設(shè)備的運行狀態(tài)、設(shè)備事故及液位、流量等信號.在系統(tǒng)分圖里，操作人員能夠?qū)λ锌刂圃O(shè)備進(jìn)行單機(jī)點動運行操作、成組自動運行操作或全廠全自動操作并監(jiān)視。同時上位機(jī)2兼做編程器.中控室另設(shè)置一個鑲嵌式模擬屏，由上位機(jī)1控制，用以直觀顯示全廠工藝流程及主要參數(shù)值。</p><p>　　1.2 PLC站</p><p>　　根據(jù)污水處理

7、的二部分，現(xiàn)場設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)程控制輸出和現(xiàn)場信號采集由二個PLC木地控制站完成。PLC1本地控制站控制格柵、污水提升泵房、曝氣沉砂池等預(yù)處理部分。PLC2本地控制站控制污泥脫水、壓濾機(jī)等部。PLC3本地控制站控制SBR生物處理部分.另外，在現(xiàn)場本地控制站各設(shè)1臺操作終端設(shè)各，負(fù)責(zé)在本地對現(xiàn)場設(shè)各的控制(自動控制、點動控制)。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)場各個監(jiān)控點的物理參數(shù)，包括水位、溫度、流量、轉(zhuǎn)速、電流等模擬量，由對應(yīng)

8、的一次儀表傳感器或變送器檢測出來并轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?～20 mA電流信號，經(jīng)屏蔽電纜送到各個子系統(tǒng)的PLC內(nèi)，由PLC通過各種模塊接口采樣電信號。同樣，模擬量控制信號由PLC輸出后以4～20mA電流形式送到執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的動作。</p><p>　　施耐德公司的Modicon Quantum系列PLC為滿足開放的、基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和現(xiàn)場總線連接等應(yīng)用技術(shù)提供了多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)選擇，支持Modbus,Mod-bus Plu

9、s（MB+），遠(yuǎn)程I/0, TCP/IP等網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，具有較強(qiáng)的靈活性。因此，污水處理中用到的PLC選用施耐德的Modicon Ouantum系列。</p><p><b>　　1.3通信</b></p><p>　　MB+協(xié)議是Modicon公司推出的一個開放式的采用IEEE802. 4令牌協(xié)議的現(xiàn)場總線通信5協(xié)議。MB+網(wǎng)絡(luò)同其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比具有組網(wǎng)簡單、投資少、網(wǎng)絡(luò)速

10、度快、通信穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)等特點，它使計算機(jī)、控制器和其他數(shù)據(jù)源通過使用雙絞線或光纜在整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)上作為同位體進(jìn)行通信。而Modicon Quantum系列PLC的CPU模塊含有MB+通信口，因此，通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)選用MB+網(wǎng)絡(luò).中控室的兩臺上位機(jī)、二個PLC本地控制站通過MB+網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起。PLC的CPU模塊通過MB+通信口與兩臺上位機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換，采集上位監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的各種操作指令及現(xiàn)場檢測信號和數(shù)據(jù)，經(jīng)過分析處理，通過輸出模塊向控制對象輸出控制信號；同

11、時，PLC通過MB+網(wǎng)向上位機(jī)返回各種數(shù)據(jù)，上位機(jī)對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行運算處理，顯示各種信號和打印各種報表。</p><p>　　2 PLC控制程序設(shè)計</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)有四種控制方式：本地手動控制，單一臺設(shè)備點動控制，成組設(shè)備自動控制，全廠設(shè)備全自動控制。前二種方式一般只在設(shè)各調(diào)試或維修時使用，系統(tǒng)主要以全自動控制方式運行。在這種方式下，所有各類設(shè)備都由PLC按照預(yù)先編制的程序自動控制，不

12、需要操作人員干預(yù).各種現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)通過PLC傳至上位機(jī)，在上位機(jī)上描繪出來，使全廠的工藝、設(shè)備運行得到全面的控制。</p><p>　　PLC3站控制的生物處理部分是整個污水處理的關(guān)鍵部分，限于篇幅，僅以PLC3站的程序設(shè)計為例。</p><p><b>　　2.1控制過程</b></p><p>　　PLC3站用來控制從污水進(jìn)入曝氣池到處理后的污

13、水流出曝氣池的整個過程。在這個過程中，包括控制各種閥、泵、風(fēng)機(jī)的順序及定時開關(guān)和風(fēng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)等。曝氣池是污水處理的核心構(gòu)筑物，污水在池中是通過微生物的生物氧化作用來去除有機(jī)物的，水中氧的含量對污水的處理效果是至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)SBR工藝要求，曝氣池內(nèi)的溶解氧含量通常控制在1～3 mg/L范圍內(nèi)，在曝氣階段末溶解氧含量應(yīng)不超過2 mg/L.含氧量過低或過高，均會影響出水質(zhì)量。對日處理10 x 104 t的4組8池模式的SBR反應(yīng)池，每組反

14、應(yīng)池配一臺由變頻器控制的風(fēng)機(jī)，用于向兩個曝氣池輪流曝氣供氧。在每個曝氣池的不同地點設(shè)4塊溶解氧測試儀，測量池中污水的含氧量，PLC每隔5 min檢測一次曝氣池內(nèi)的溶解氧值，根據(jù)溶解氧的平均值來控制風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。若溶解氧低于設(shè)定下限時，調(diào)頻風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速增加5 % ；若溶解氧高于設(shè)定上限時，調(diào)頻風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速降低5 %.這樣，就實現(xiàn)了曝氣池供氧量的自動調(diào)節(jié)，既避免了不必要的能源損失，又優(yōu)化了運行工藝。</p><p>　　2.2

15、 PLC程序設(shè)計</p><p>　　采用的編程軟件是Concept 2. 2XL。Concept是基于Windows下的PLC編程工具，具有良好的用戶界面，并具有在線跟蹤及離線仿真功能。PLC3站的控制程序分為五個程序模塊。</p><p>　?。?）公用程序模塊——包括初始化部分、時分秒等時問脈沖單元、SBR反應(yīng)周期設(shè)定、溶解氧設(shè)定等。</p><p>　?。?/p>

16、2）開關(guān)量順序控制模塊——協(xié)調(diào)控制各個閥、泵、風(fēng)機(jī)等設(shè)備的運行及相關(guān)故障的報警。SBR池的進(jìn)氣閥、進(jìn)水閥、回流泵、剩余污泥泵由PLC根據(jù)污水處理周期的工藝時間段控制，出水閥由PLC根據(jù)工藝時間和超聲液位儀的測量值來控制。</p><p>　?。?）斷電保護(hù)模塊——系統(tǒng)斷電后，PLC將所有狀態(tài)鎖存，待加電后使PLC恢復(fù)所保持的狀態(tài)繼續(xù)運行。</p><p>　?。?）通信模塊——用來完成PL

17、C與上位機(jī)的各種數(shù)據(jù)傳送。</p><p>　?。?）溶解氧值自動調(diào)節(jié)模塊——根據(jù)溶解氧值調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速以及相關(guān)故障的報警。調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的目標(biāo)是在整個曝氣周期中，保證溶解氧的值為2 mg/L.采用的控制策略如下：曝氣周期開始，風(fēng)機(jī)以全速運行，以使溶解氧在較短的時問內(nèi)達(dá)到2 mg/L，同時以5 min為周期檢測溶解氧值。當(dāng)溶解氧值大于2mg/L時，風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速下降5 %；當(dāng)溶解氧值小于2 mg/L時，風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速上升5%.如果風(fēng)

18、機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速升到允許的最高轉(zhuǎn)速時，溶解氧值還小于2mg/L，則維持最高轉(zhuǎn)速。這種情況有可能在曝氣周期的末期出現(xiàn)，但并不會明顯地影響污水處理質(zhì)量。</p><p>　　在曝氣的整個周期內(nèi)，隨時監(jiān)控變頻器的輸出電流值，使其不超過變頻器的額定值。如遇到意外情況使輸出電流超過額定值時，立即降低風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。如果風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速降到允許的最低轉(zhuǎn)速時，輸出電流還超過額定值，則停風(fēng)機(jī)，同時發(fā)出報警信號。</p><p>

19、　　隨著自動控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展，UNITANK工藝越來越得到廣泛應(yīng)用。目前以經(jīng)驗為主，以DO、時間、流量作為工藝控制參數(shù)，來調(diào)整曝氣機(jī)的運行及排泥時間等，缺乏準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)學(xué)模型來實現(xiàn)SBR法的更高層次的自動控制。有人曾提出以COD或DO為參數(shù)的模糊控制的思想。今后SBR法的自動控制的研究方向主要是尋找多個控制參數(shù)，既能反映進(jìn)水的水質(zhì)水量變化及反應(yīng)過程中的降解情況，又能作為計算機(jī)控制參數(shù)。</p><p>　　PLC集順序

20、控制和過程控制于一體，具有可靠性高，使用方便、靈活，組網(wǎng)簡單的特點，是實現(xiàn)中小規(guī)模工業(yè)自動化的有力工具。在污水處理中，基于PLC的控制系統(tǒng)在實時性、可靠性、精確性等力一而滿足了設(shè)計要求，保證了污水處理的順利進(jìn)行。</p><p>　　由于Internet的快速發(fā)展，希望能夠通過Internet來訪問污水處理廠的自控系統(tǒng)，只需要輸入用戶名和密碼便可實現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程的Internet來對全廠的設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制。同時通過Inter

21、net將污水處理廠的污水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)輸送到國家環(huán)?？偩只蛘呤协h(huán)保局，以便卜級部門對污水處理廠的管理。</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　Application of control system on the base of PLC in sewage treatment</p><p>　　The paper intro

22、duces a distributed control system of sewage treatment, and the core of the system is PLC. The structure of the control system, the assignment and implementation of the tasks, the control scheme and the design concept

23、of program are expounded. The way of central monitoring management and dispersing control is used by the control system; the long一distance control and monitoring of field equipment are uncharged of the upper computer; th

24、e software program of designs uses Intouch7. </p><p>　　Introduced to take PLC as the distribute type control system of core in the wastewater treatment system of apply。Concretely described the structure, mis

25、sion of the control system an allotment and carry out, the way of control and the thought of the program design. The way controled the concentration monitor of the system adoption a management and scattered a control, th

26、e place of honor machine be responsible for the spot the long range of the equipments control and surveillance, software adoptio</p><p>　　Recently, for carrying out high quality, low consume, stable dependab

27、le movement.Domestic and international many wastewater treatment factorieses adopted a modern forerunner to control technique and calculator technique and constitute calculator direct, control thus, manage system.Make sy

28、stem excellent to turn movement.But the programmable logic controller(PLC) then take microprocessor as core.Synthesize the calculator technique automatically controls technique and correspondence technique but d</p>

29、;<p>　　1 Control system structure</p><p>　　Control the way of "concentration monitor management, scatter a control" of the system adoption.The emulation hold, place of honor machine, gather

30、a line machine, printer to Be located on medium control room, two set PLCs are located on control the spot.Adopt this kind of structure can make the information in the production line can centralized management with carr

31、y out whole operation, management with excellent turn.Also make to control dangerous dispersion in the meantime, raise the system cre</p><p>　　1.1 The upper computers</p><p>　　Medium control two

32、 calculator adoption PII class works of room to control machine, circulate the operate system of Windows NT.The place of honor machine be responsible for on the scene establish each long range control(full-automatic cont

33、rol, automatic control, order to move a control) with surveillance, make use of Intouch7. 0 engineering software packages provide a good person machine dialogue boundary but obtain concerning parameter and equipments app

34、earance information from the PLC by search</p><p>　　1. 2 The PLC stand</p><p>　　According to wastewater treatment of two part, the spot the long range of the equipments the control output and

35、the spot the signal collect to control a station completion from two PLC wood ground.PLC1 native control station control the space grid, sewage promote a pump house, Pu spirit to sink sand pond's etc. to prepare a pr

36、ocessing part.The PLC2 native control station controls dirty mire to dehydrate, press to filter machine etc. department..PLC3 native control station control SBR living crea</p><p>　　The spot is each the phys

37、ical parameter that the supervision order and include water level, temperature, discharge and turn soon, electric current's etc. imitate quantity, from to in response to of an appearance spread a feeling machine or c

38、hange to send to a machine examination to come out and change into the electric current signal of the 4~20 mA, through shield inside the PLC that the electric cable sends to each statures system, from the PLC picks up a

39、people through various mold piece sampl</p><p>　　The Modicon Quantum series PLC of Schneider company is satisfy liberal of, according to standard of network conjunction and the spot total line conjunction et

40、c. application the technique provided various network a choice, support Modbus, Mod-bus Plus(MB+), the long range I/0, TCP/IP etc. network conjunction, have stronger and vivid.Therefore, the wastewater treatment is conve

41、nient to arrive of the PLC choose the series of Modicon Ouantum of use Schneider.</p><p>　　1. 3 Correspondences</p><p>　　MB+agreement is the Modicon company release of an open type of the adopti

42、on IEEE802. 4 correspond by letter 5 agreements the spot total line of card agreement.MB+the network together other networks compare to have a set of net simple, the investment be little, network speed quick, corresponde

43、nce the stability strong etc. characteristics, it make calculator, controller and other data sources through an usage double wring line or fiber optic cable Be a body to together carry on correspondence at t</p>&

44、lt;p>　　2 The design of PLC control program</p><p>　　The system has four kinds of control methods:The native hand moves a control, single set equipments point moves a control, become a set, the equipment

45、s automatically controls, the whole factory equipments full-automatic control.Two kinds of ex- with general methods at establish each adjust to try or maintain usage, the system is mainly circulate with full-automatic co

46、ntrol.Under this kind of way, all each kind of equipmentses from PLC according to in advance draw up of procedure auto control, do</p><p>　　The living creature processing part of the PLC3 station control is

47、the whole wastewater treatment of key part, be limited by space, only with the PLC3 stand of program design for example.</p><p>　　2.1 Process of control</p><p>　　The PLC3 stationses were use to

48、 control to get into Pu spirit from sewage, the pond is everywhere sewage run off Pu after manage spirit the whole process of the pond.Include turn of sequence and time- switch moderate breezes machine of control various

49、 valve, pump, breeze machine to soon regulate etc. in this process.The Pu spirit pond is the core of wastewater treatment to construct a thing, sewage is to come and go through a microbial living creature oxygenation in

50、the pond in addition to organ</p><p>　　2. 2 The design of PLC program</p><p>　　The adoptive plait distance software is a Concept 2. 2 XLs.Concept is according to under the Windows of the PLC p

51、lait distance tool, have good customer's interface, and have on-line follow and off-line imitate true function.The control procedure of PLC3 stationses is divided into five procedure mold piece.</p><p>　

52、　(1)Public mold pieces of procedure use-include a beginning to start to turn part, hour cent second etc. ask pulse unit, SBR to respond a period enactment, fuse oxygen enactment...etc..</p><p>　　(2)Order con

53、trol mold pieces of the switch quantity -the coordination control report to the police of circulate and related breakdown of equipmentses, such as each valve, pump and breeze machine...etc.. The enter of SBR pond spirit

54、valve, enter water valve, reflux pump, surplus dirty mire pump from PLC according to the craft of the wastewater treatment period time segment control, water valve from PLC according to craft time and super voice liquid

55、the measured value of the instrument to control.</p><p>　　(3)Protection mold pieces of the off-power-system power failure after, the PLC saves all appearance locks and make after treating to add an electrici

56、ty PLC instauration keep of the appearance continue to circulate.</p><p>　　(4)Mold pieces of correspondences -use to complete PLC and various data transmission of place of honor machine.</p><p>

57、　　(5)Fuse an oxygen value to automatically regulate a mold piece-according to fuse an oxygen value to regulate breeze machine to turn soon and report to the police of related breakdown.The target which regulates to turn

58、soon promises the be worth of deliquescence oxygen as 2 mgs/L in the whole Pu spirit period.Adoptive control strategy is as follows:The Pu spirit period beginning, the breeze machine at top speed movement attains a 2 mgs

59、/L in shorterly of the hour ask by making deliquescence oxygen</p><p>　　Supervise and control an exportation electric current of change the Pin machine value at any time in the Pu the spirit of the whole per

60、iod, make it not exceed change the sum of Pin machine settle a value.If meet a surprised circumstance to make to output electric current exceed when the sum settle value, immediately lower breeze machine to turn soon.If

61、the breeze machine turns to soon decline to allow of lowest turn soon, output electric current to return exceed the sum settle a value, then stop</p><p>　　Along with automatic control technical development,

62、the UNITANK craft more and more gets extensively applied.Regard experience as principle currently, use DO, time, discharge as a craft control parameter, adjust the Pu spirit circulate of machine and line up mire the etc.

63、 lack accurate mathematics model to carry out the automatic control of higher layer of SBR method for time.Someone once put forward took the COD or the do as parameter of misty control of thought.The research direction o

64、f the au</p><p>　　The PLC gathers in proper order control and process to control at the integral whole and have dependable sex Gao, usage convenience, vivid, set net simple of the characteristics be the emol

65、lient tool of the small scale industrial automation in the realization.In the wastewater treatment, according to PLC control system at solid sex, credibility, accurate sex etc. dint a but satisfied a design a request, pr

66、omised wastewater treatment of smoothly progress.</p><p>　　Because of Internet fast development, hope can come to visit to ask wastewater treatment factory through an Internet of from control system, the Int

67、ernet which needed to input user's name and password and then can carry out long range came to carried on a control to the equipments of whole factorieses.Transport the sewage data of wastewater treatment factory to