汽車專業(yè)外文翻譯---國內(nèi)混合動力汽車發(fā)展

1、<p>　　China Hybrid Electric Vehicle Development </p><p>　　With the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first

2、 decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development P

3、rogram (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's inde</p><p>　　To vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power ba

4、ttery / fuel cell for the "three horizontal" distribution of R &amp; D, through close links between production cooperation, China's independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress.&l

5、t;/p><p>　　With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batter

6、ies (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the k

7、ey. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle p</p><p>　　Technology in hybrid vehicles, China Intellectual Property Office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applicatio

8、ns in China. In 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334.</p><p>　　Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop vari

9、ous types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%.

10、Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R &amp; D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. Currently, domestic automakers ha</p><p>　　Hyb

11、rid prototyping has been completed, and some models have achieved low-volume market.</p><p><b>　　FAW Group</b></p><p>　　Development Goal: By 2012, the Group plans to build an annual

12、capacity of 11,000 hybrid cars, hybrid bus production base of 1000.</p><p>　　FAW Group since 1999 and a new energy vehicles for theoretical research and development work, and the development of a red car per

13、formance hybrid sample. "15" period, the FAW Group is committed to the national "863" major project in the "red card in series hybrid electric vehicle research and development" mission, offi

14、cially began the research and development of new energy vehicles. Beginning in 2006, FAW B70 in the Besturn, based on the technology for hybrid-based research, the original longitu</p><p>　　FAW also pay clos

15、e attention to the engine, mechanical and electrical integration, transmission, vehicle control networks, vehicle control systems development, the current FAW hybrid electric car has achieved 42% fuel saving effect, reac

16、hed the international advanced level.</p><p>　　Jiefang CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus</p><p>　　FAW "Liberation brand CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus" project is a national "863"

17、 electric vehicle major projects funded project, with pure electric drive, the engine alone drives (and charge), the joint drive motor starts the engine, and sliding regenerative braking 5 kinds of basic operation. The p

18、ower hybrid electric bus and economy to the leading level, 38% fuel economy than traditional buses, emissions reduced by 30%.</p><p>　　Red Flag CA7180AE hybrid cars</p><p>　　Red Flag hybrid cars

19、 CA7180AE according to the national "863 Plan" is the first in complete with industrial prospects of the car, it is built on the basis of red car with good performance and operational smoothness. Series which i

20、s a hybrid sedan, the luxury car ,0-100km acceleration time of 14s, fuel-efficient than traditional cars by about 50%, Euro Ⅲ emission standard.</p><p>　　Besturn B70 hybrid cars</p><p>　　Besturn

21、 B70 Hybrid cars using petrol - electric hybrid approach. Dual motor power system programs, mixed degree of 40/103, is all mixed (Full-Hybrid, also known as re-mixed) configurations. Besturn B70 Hybrid cars are petrol ve

22、rsion costs two to three times Besturn models, mass production will be gradually reduced after the costs, even if this hybrid version Besturn market, the price certainly higher than the existing Besturn models, but high

23、the price of petrol will not exceed 30% version of Be</p><p><b>　　SAIC</b></p><p>　　Development Goals: 2010 launch in the mixed hybrid cars, plug-in 2012, SAIC strong mix of cars and

24、 pure electric cars will be on the market.</p><p>　　In the R &amp; D on new energy vehicles, SAIC made clear to focus on hybrid, fuel cell for the direction, and speed up the development of alternative p

25、roducts. Hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles as a new energy strategy SAIC three key.</p><p>　　2010 SAIC Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mix will be put on the market, during the Worl

26、d Expo in Shanghai, SAIC will put 150 hybrid cars in the Expo Line on the River Run. 2012 Roewe 550 plug-in hybrid cars will be strong market, the current car's power system has been launched early development and pr

27、ogress.</p><p>　　Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st</p><p>　　Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Academy of Engineering by the SAIC and Shanghai Jiaotong University and other unit

28、s jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights. Existing cities in the Sunwin Bus Power platform, "the new dynamic application No. 1" uses a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive program, so

29、 that hybrid electric vehicle operating conditions in the electric air-conditioning, steering, braking and other accessories still able to work without additional el</p><p>　　Roewe 750 hybrid cars</p>

30、<p>　　Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mixed system with BSG (Belt drive start generating one machine), with "smart stop zero-emission" and "environmental protection and the power of both the" two p

31、rominent features of a top speed of 205 km / h, the maximum added driving range of up to 500 km. As for the industrialization of SAIC's first own-brand hybrid car, the Roewe 750 hybrid integrated hybrid fuel-efficien

32、t cars can achieve rates of around 20%.</p><p>　　Dongfeng Motor Group</p><p>　　Development Goals: Plans move into 33 billion in 10 years to develop a range of environmentally friendly hybrid veh

33、icles, including cars.</p><p>　　EQ7200HEV hybrid cars</p><p>　　EQ7200HEV hybrid cars are "863" project of major projects and major strategic projects of Dongfeng Motor Corporation. The

34、 car is EQ7200-Ⅱ model (Fengshen Bluebird cars) is based on an electronically controlled automatic transmission with innovative electromechanical coupling in parallel programs, configure DC brushless motor and nickel-hyd

35、rogen batteries, plans to "10 5 "during the industrialization. Industrialization, the vehicle cost more than EQ7200 cars increase in costs ≤ 30%.</p><p>　　EQ61100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus</p>

36、<p>　　EQ61100HEV electric hybrid bus by Dongfeng Vehicle Company Limited Joint Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Textile Co., Ltd. and Hunan sharp Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. jointly developed S

37、henzhou. EQ61100HEV hybrid electric bus with switched reluctance motor, Cummins ISBe1504 cylinder common rail electronic injection diesel engine, new chassis design of the system, electronically controlled automatic tran

38、smission and innovative electromechanical coupling parallel program. In</p><p>　　China Changan</p><p>　　Development Goals: the next three years, the formation of different grades, different purp

39、oses, carry a different system of mixed platforms, weak mix of scale, strong mixed industrial R &amp; D capabilities, covering commercial, A grade, B grade, C grade products. 2014 will achieve sales of new energy veh

40、icles 150 000 2020 sales of new energy vehicles for more than 500,000.</p><p>　　"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Chang-an increased investment in clean energy vehicles, a diversified energy techno

41、logies to carry out exploratory research. Environmental protection through energy-saving models continues to introduce new technology to lead the industry to upgrade and fully utilize and mobilize global resources, Chang

42、'an in the middle hybrid cars, hybrid cars and other technological strength of the field are explored. Chang's first hybrid car long Anjie Xun HEV was successfully</p><p><b>　　Chery</b>&l

43、t;/p><p>　　Development Goals: after 2010, more than half of Chery's products carry different levels of hybrid systems.</p><p>　　From 2003 to 2008, mainly mixed with moderate Chery hybrid cars a

44、nd energy saving system development, and industrialization; Chery in Wuhu, a taxi has been carried out on probation, fuel consumption will be reduced by 10% to 30% to reach Europe Ⅳ Standard. Since 2004, Chery hybrid car

45、s mainly for the development of strong and industrialization. Chery hybrid car fuel consumption target to reach 100 km 3 liters, to reach Europe and the United States emissions regulations.</p><p>　　Chery A5

46、BSG</p><p>　　Chery A5BSG is a weak parallel hybrid electric car, using fuel engines, electric engines complementary mode, the two different power sources in the car while driving to work together or separate

47、ly, through this combination to achieve the least fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, in order to achieve fuel efficiency and environmental protection purposes. Compared with the conventional car, the car in urban co

48、nditions can save 10% -15% of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 12%, w</p><p>　　Chery A5ISG</p><p>　　Chery A5 ISG hybrid power system consists of "1.3L gasoline engine + 5-s

49、peed manual transmission +10 kW motor +144 V Ni-MH battery," the composition of the battery system used by the Johnson Controls developed "plug-in" nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), motor with permanent magnet

50、 synchronous motor and with the motor control system, inverter and DC / DC converters. The system enables the vehicle power to 1.6L displacement level and rate of 30% fuel savings and significantly reduce the emissions o

51、f E</p><p>　　Cherry A3ISG</p><p>　　Chery A3 ISG has 1.3L473F gasoline engine and equipped with 10KW motor. By gasoline engines and electric motors with torque overlay approach to dynamic mixed t

52、o provide the best vehicle power operating efficiency and energy saving environmental protection goals. Chery A3 ISG also has Stop_Restart the idling stop function such as flame start to start (BSG function), to reduce r

53、ed light in the vehicle stopped or suspended when the fuel consumption and emissions expenses.</p><p><b>　　FY 2BSG</b></p><p>　　FY 2 BSG carry 1.5LSQR477F inline four-cylinder engine

54、 configuration BSG start / stop and so one electric motor, red light in the vehicle stopped the driver into the gap, it will automatically enter standby mode to turn off the engine, starting moments after the entry block

55、 automatically start the engine. FY 2 BSG vehicle average fuel consumption than the 1.5L petrol cars reduce about 5-10%, average fuel consumption can be reduced up to 15%.</p><p><b>　　BYD Auto</b>

56、;</p><p>　　Development Goal: to electric cars as a transitional mode, the electric car as the ultimate goal, the development of new energy cars BYD.</p><p>　　BYD follow the "independent res

57、earch and development, independent production, independent brand" development path, and the "core technology, vertical integration" development strategy, as the transition to dual-mode electric vehicles, e

58、lectric vehicles as the ultimate goal, the development of BYD new energy vehicles.</p><p>　　國內(nèi)混合動力汽車發(fā)展</p><p>　　隨著石油資源的枯竭、人們環(huán)保意識的提高，混合動力汽車及電動汽車將成為新世紀前幾十年汽車發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國汽車界所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識。我國政府也已經(jīng)在國家高技術(shù)研究

59、發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)中專門開列了包括混合動力汽車在內(nèi)的電動汽車重大專項。目前，我國在新能源汽車的自主創(chuàng)新過程中，堅持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點的原則，確立了以混合電動汽車、純電動汽車、燃料電池汽車為“三縱”，以整車控制系統(tǒng)、電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、動力蓄電池/燃料電池為“三橫”的研發(fā)布局，通過產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合作，我國混合動力汽車的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進展。</p><p>　　形成了具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的

60、動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺，建立了混合動力汽車技術(shù)開發(fā)體系?；旌蟿恿ζ嚨暮诵氖请姵兀ò姵毓芾硐到y(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此之外，還包括發(fā)動機技術(shù)、電機控制技術(shù)、整車控制技術(shù)等，發(fā)動機和電機之間動力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點。從目前情況來看，我國已經(jīng)建立起了混合動力汽車動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系，取得了一系列突破性成果，為整車開發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。截止到2009年1月31日，在混合動力車輛技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局受理并公開的中國專利申請為1116件。

61、在1116件專利申請中，發(fā)明為782件（授權(quán)為107件）、實用新型為334件。</p><p>　　掌握了電動汽車整車開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類電動汽車的開發(fā)能力。我國混合動力汽車在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進步顯著，不同技術(shù)方案可實現(xiàn)節(jié)油10%-40%。同時，各汽車企業(yè)對混合動力汽車的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化投入顯著增強，產(chǎn)業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。目前，國內(nèi)汽車企業(yè)已將混合動力汽車作為未來主流競爭型產(chǎn)品在戰(zhàn)略上高度重視，一汽

62、、東風(fēng)、上汽、長安、奇瑞、比亞迪等都已投入了大量的人力、物力，混合動力車型已完成樣車開發(fā)，并有部分車型已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)小批量上市。</p><p><b>　　一汽集團</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：到2012年，該集團計劃建成一個年生產(chǎn)能力為混合動力轎車1.1萬輛、混合動力客車1000輛的生產(chǎn)基地。</p><p>　　一汽集團從1999年開

63、始進行新能源汽車的理論研究和研制工作，并開發(fā)了紅旗混合動力轎車性能樣本?！笆濉逼陂g，一汽集團承擔(dān)了國家“863”計劃重大專項中“紅旗牌串聯(lián)方式混合動力轎車研究開發(fā)”任務(wù)，正式開始了新能源汽車的研發(fā)工作。從2006年開始，一汽在奔騰B70的基礎(chǔ)上，進行混合動力化的技術(shù)研究，將原來的縱置發(fā)動機總成改成橫置發(fā)動機總成，采用了橫置發(fā)動機及雙電機混聯(lián)技術(shù)。同時，一汽還抓緊了對發(fā)動機、機電一體化變速器、整車控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)、整車控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，目前一汽混

64、合動力轎車已經(jīng)取得了42％的節(jié)油效果，達到了國際先進水平。</p><p>　　解放牌CA6100HEV混合動力城市客車</p><p>　　一汽“解放牌CA6100HEV混合動力城市客車”項目是國家“863”計劃電動汽車重大專項資助項目，具有純電動驅(qū)動、發(fā)動機單獨驅(qū)動（同時充電）、聯(lián)合驅(qū)動、電機啟動發(fā)動機，以及滑行再生制動5種基本工作模式。該混合動力客車動力性和經(jīng)濟性達到國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，比

65、傳統(tǒng)客車節(jié)油38%，排放降低30%。</p><p>　　紅旗CA7180AE混合動力轎車</p><p>　　紅旗牌混合動力轎車CA7180AE是按國家“863”計劃在國內(nèi)率先完成的具有產(chǎn)業(yè)化前景的轎車，它建立在紅旗轎車的基礎(chǔ)上，具有良好的性能和操作平順性。該款串聯(lián)式的混合動力轎車屬中、高檔轎車，0-100km的加速時間為14s，比傳統(tǒng)轎車節(jié)油約50%，排放達歐Ⅲ標(biāo)準。</p>

66、;<p>　　奔騰B70混合動力轎車</p><p>　　奔騰B70混合動力版轎車采用油-電混合方式。動力系統(tǒng)采用雙電機方案，混合度為40/103，屬于全混合(Full-Hybrid，亦稱重混合)構(gòu)型。奔騰B70混合動力版轎車的成本是汽油版奔騰車型的兩到三倍，實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)后成本會逐漸降低，即使如此混合動力版奔騰上市后，售價肯定比現(xiàn)有奔騰車型高，但高出的價格不會超過汽油版奔騰車型的30％。</p&g

67、t;<p><b>　　上汽集團</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：2010年推出中混混合動力轎車，2012年上汽插電式強混轎車和純電動轎車將推向市場。</p><p>　　在新能源汽車的研發(fā)上，上汽明確了以混合動力為重點，燃料電池為方向，同時加快替代產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)?；旌蟿恿ζ?、燃料電池汽車、代用燃料汽車成為上汽集團新能源戰(zhàn)略的三大重點。</p&

68、gt;<p>　　2010年上汽榮威750中混混合動力轎車將投放市場，在上海世博會期間上汽將投放150輛混合動力汽車在世博越江專線上運行。2012年，榮威550插電式強混轎車將上市，目前該車的動力系統(tǒng)前期開發(fā)已經(jīng)啟動，并且進展順利。</p><p>　　申新動１號混合動力客車</p><p>　　申新動１號混合動力客車由上汽工程院與上海交通大學(xué)等單位聯(lián)合開發(fā)，具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

69、。在申沃客車現(xiàn)有城市客車動力平臺上，“申新動１號”采用一種并聯(lián)式混合動力電動汽車驅(qū)動方案，使混合動力電動汽車在純電動工況下空調(diào)、轉(zhuǎn)向、制動等附件仍然能夠正常工作而無需另加電動系統(tǒng)，同時利用超級電容，提高啟動功率、制動能量回收效率，從而提高整車動力性能、降低燃油消耗。車長10ｍ，寬2.5ｍ，高3.2ｍ，能容納76人。</p><p>　　榮威750混合動力轎車</p><p>　　榮威750

70、中混混合動力轎車采用BSG系統(tǒng)（皮帶傳動的起動發(fā)電一體機），具備“智能停機零排放”和“環(huán)保與動力性兼?zhèn)洹眱纱笸怀鎏攸c，最高時速為205公里/小時，最大續(xù)駛里程達500公里。作為上汽首款面向產(chǎn)業(yè)化的自主品牌混合動力轎車，榮威750中混混合動力轎車可實現(xiàn)綜合節(jié)油率20%左右。</p><p><b>　　東風(fēng)集團</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：計劃動投入330億，

71、用10年時間來發(fā)展一系列包括混合動力汽車在內(nèi)的環(huán)保汽車。</p><p>　　EQ7200HEV混合動力轎車</p><p>　　EQ7200HEV混合動力轎車是“863”項目的重大專項和東風(fēng)汽車公司重大戰(zhàn)略項目。該轎車是以EQ7200-Ⅱ車型（風(fēng)神藍鳥轎車）為基礎(chǔ)，采用電控自動變速箱與創(chuàng)新型并聯(lián)機電耦合的方案，配置直流永磁無刷電動機和鎳氫電池，計劃在“十五”期間實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。產(chǎn)業(yè)化后，整車

72、成本比EQ7200轎車成本增加幅度≤30%。</p><p>　　EQ61100HEV混合動力客車</p><p>　　EQ61100HEV混合動力客車由東風(fēng)電動車輛股份有限公司聯(lián)合北京交通大學(xué)、北京中紡銳力機電有限公司和湖南神州科技股份有限公司共同開發(fā)。EQ61100HEV混合動力客車采用開關(guān)磁阻電機、康明斯ISBe1504缸共軌電噴柴油機、全新設(shè)計的車身底盤系統(tǒng)、電控自動變速箱和創(chuàng)新型

73、并聯(lián)機電耦合方案。在年產(chǎn)量達到200輛時，整車成本比裝備6CT發(fā)動機汽車的增幅≤30%。</p><p><b>　　中國長安</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：未來3年內(nèi)，形成不同檔次、不同用途、搭載不同的系統(tǒng)的中混平臺化、弱混規(guī)?；?、強混產(chǎn)業(yè)化研發(fā)能力，覆蓋商用車、A級、B級、C級產(chǎn)品。2014年將實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)銷新能源汽車15萬，2020年達到新能源汽車產(chǎn)銷50萬輛

74、以上。</p><p>　　“十一五”期間，長安加大了對清潔能源汽車的投入，開展了多元化能源技術(shù)的探索性研究。通過在節(jié)能環(huán)保車型上不斷推陳出新、引領(lǐng)行業(yè)的技術(shù)升級，充分利用和調(diào)動全球資源，長安在中度油電混合動力汽車、強度油電混合動力轎車等技術(shù)領(lǐng)域均有探索。長安首款混合動力轎車長安杰勛HEV已于2009年6月成功上市；首批20輛長安志翔混合動力出租車今年1月正式在重慶投入投入運行。</p><p

75、><b>　　奇瑞汽車</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：2010年以后，奇瑞汽車旗下產(chǎn)品一半以上搭載不同程度的混合動力系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　從2003年開始到2008年，奇瑞主要進行混合與中度混合動力轎車以及節(jié)能環(huán)保系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，并實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化；奇瑞已經(jīng)在蕪湖的出租車上進行了試用，油耗將降低10%到30%，達到歐Ⅳ排放標(biāo)準。從2004年開始，奇瑞主要進行

76、強混合動力轎車的開發(fā)，并實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。奇瑞混合動力轎車油耗目標(biāo)達到100公里3升，排放達到歐美法規(guī)。</p><p><b>　　奇瑞A5BSG</b></p><p>　　奇瑞A5BSG是一款并聯(lián)式弱混合動力轎車，采用燃油發(fā)動機、電力發(fā)動機互補工作模式，這兩種動力源在汽車不同的行駛狀態(tài)下分別或者一起工作，通過這種組合達到最少的燃油消耗和尾氣排放，從而實現(xiàn)省油和環(huán)保的目

77、的。與傳統(tǒng)轎車相比，該車在城市工況可節(jié)省燃油10%-15%，減少二氧化碳排放約12%，而成本只增加25%-30%左右。</p><p><b>　　奇瑞A5ISG</b></p><p>　　奇瑞A5 ISG混合動力系統(tǒng)由“1.3L汽油機＋5速手動變速器＋10kW電機＋144V鎳氫電池”組成，電池系統(tǒng)采用由江森自控公司研發(fā)的“即插式”鎳氫（Ni-MH），電機采用永磁同

78、步電機并帶有電機控制系統(tǒng)、逆變器以及DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換器。該系統(tǒng)使整車動力達到1.6L排量水平，同時燃油節(jié)省率達到30%，并顯著降低排放，達到歐V標(biāo)準。</p><p><b>　　奇瑞A3ISG</b></p><p>　　奇瑞A3 ISG搭載有1.3L473F汽油發(fā)動機和10KW的電動機。通過汽油發(fā)動機與電動發(fā)動機以扭矩疊加的方式進行動力混合，以提供整車最佳的動力運轉(zhuǎn)

79、效率與環(huán)保節(jié)能目標(biāo)。奇瑞A3 ISG還具備Stop_Restart的怠速停等熄火起步啟動的機能（BSG功能），以降低在車輛停等紅燈或暫停時的油耗支出與廢氣排放。</p><p><b>　　風(fēng)云2BSG</b></p><p>　　風(fēng)云2 BSG搭載1.5LSQR477F直列四缸發(fā)動機，配置BSG起步/停等一體式電動馬達，在車輛停等紅燈駕駛?cè)伺湃肟諜n時，會自動讓引擎熄

80、火進入待機狀態(tài)，之后入擋起步瞬間會自動啟動引擎。風(fēng)云2 BSG車型耗油量平均可以比汽油1.5L車款降低約5-10％，最多可降低平均油耗達15％。</p><p><b>　　比亞迪汽車</b></p><p>　　發(fā)展目標(biāo)：以雙模電動車作為過渡、電動車作為終極目標(biāo)，發(fā)展比亞迪新能源汽車。</p><p>　　比亞迪遵循“自主研發(fā)、自主生產(chǎn)、自主