關于電氣工程及其自動化電力方面的外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）</b></p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　題 目。。。水電站電氣一、二次設計</p><p>　　專 業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動化（電力） </p><p>　　班 級 。。。

2、 </p><p>　　學 生 。。。 </p><p>　　指導教師 。。。。 </p><p>　　2011 年</p><p>　　2010 International Conference on Power System Technology</

3、p><p>　　New Challenges to Power System Planning and</p><p>　　Operation of Smart Grid Development in China</p><p>　　Zhang Ruihua, Du Yumei, Liu Yuhong</p><p>　　Abstract--Th

4、e future development trend of electric power grid</p><p>　　is smart grid, which includes such features as secure and reliable,</p><p>　　efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and<

5、;/p><p>　　compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on. The</p><p>　　concept and characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this</p><p>　　paper. On the basis of practica

6、l national situation, the</p><p>　　development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese</p><p>　　characteristics are proposed. Smart grid development in china is</p><p>　　bases on

7、information technology, communication technology,</p><p>　　computer technology with the high integration with</p><p>　　infrastructure of generating, transmission and distribution</p><

8、p>　　power system. Besides, smart grid development in china brings</p><p>　　forward many new challenge and requirements for power system</p><p>　　planning and operation in 9 key technologies a

9、s below:</p><p>　　1. Planning and construction of strong ultra high voltage</p><p>　　(UHV) power grid</p><p>　　2. Large-scale thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power</p>

10、<p>　　bases integration of power grid</p><p>　　3. Large-scale renewable energy sources integration of power</p><p><b>　　grid</b></p><p>　　4. Distributed generation

11、and coordinated development of the</p><p>　　grids of various voltage ratings</p><p>　　5. Study on smart grid planning and developing strategy</p><p>　　6. Improve the controllability

12、 of the power grid based on</p><p>　　power electronics technology.</p><p>　　7. Superconductivity, energy storage and other new</p><p>　　technologies widely used in power system</

13、p><p>　　8. Power system security monitoring, fast simulation,</p><p>　　intelligent decision-making and comprehensive defense</p><p>　　technology</p><p>　　9. The applicatio

14、n of emergency and restoration control</p><p>　　technology in power system</p><p>　　In response to the challenge, this paper presents the main</p><p>　　research contents, detailed i

15、mplementation plan and anticipated</p><p>　　goals of above 9 key technologies. Some measures and</p><p>　　suggestions for power system planning and operation of smart</p><p>　　grid

16、development in China are given in this paper.</p><p>　　Index Terms-- smart grid, power system planning, power</p><p>　　system operation, key technologies, large-scale power bases,</p><

17、;p>　　information and communication technology, computer</p><p>　　technology.</p><p>　　Zhang Ruihua is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese</p><p>　　Academy of Sc

18、iences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China (E-mail:</p><p>　　ruihuazh@mail.iee.ac.cn).</p><p>　　DU Yumei is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese</p><p>　　Academy of Science

19、s(CAS), Beij ing 100190, China</p><p>　　Liu Yuhong is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese</p><p>　　Academy ofSciences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China</p><p>　　978-1-42

20、44-5940-7/10/$26.00.20 1 0 IEEE</p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　WITH the increasing pressure on environmental</p><p>　　protection, energy conserving and persistence develops</p

21、><p>　　improves gradually required for society. At the same time,</p><p>　　power market-oriented development consistently and provide</p><p>　　higher electric energy reliability and qu

22、ality are required for</p><p>　　consumer_ It require that the future smart grid must can to</p><p>　　provide secure, reliable, clean, high quality power supply, is</p><p>　　able to

23、adapt to various of electric power generation, need</p><p>　　being able to adapt to highly become market-oriented electric</p><p>　　power exchange especially, acting on selfs own being able to&l

24、t;/p><p>　　adapt to customer especially chooses need, further, improve</p><p>　　the ample power grid assets utilization efficiency and</p><p>　　beneficial result, provide higher qualit

25、y service. For this</p><p>　　purpose, many countries without exception look upon smart</p><p>　　grid as future development direction of power grid [1-4].</p><p>　　On the basis of pr

26、esent situation and practical condition,</p><p>　　the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese</p><p>　　characteristics are proposed. The imbalance in the distribution</p>&l

27、t;p>　　of energy resources and the development of regional</p><p>　　economic requires the high efficient development of energy</p><p>　　resource in western region to satisfy the electricity de

28、mand of</p><p>　　whole country. Besides, the limitation of environmental</p><p>　　capacity confines conventional coal-fired thermal power in</p><p>　　East China, which requires a ne

29、w model of power supply,</p><p>　　which will carry out large-scale power flows and balance</p><p>　　between regions [5].</p><p>　　The power system condition in different areas of Ch

30、ina is</p><p>　　very different. The condition of China's energy and electricity</p><p>　　load distribution to determine the long-distance large scale</p><p>　　power transmission

31、 will be the direction of the development</p><p>　　of China's power system_ So, this determined the smart grid of</p><p>　　China with the common characters of smart grid, it with the</p&g

32、t;<p>　　unique characters of large sending ends, large receiving ends,</p><p>　　large power transmission grid [6-9].</p><p>　　Smart grid development in china is bases on information</p

33、><p>　　technology, communication technology, computer technology</p><p>　　with the high integration with infrastructure of generating,</p><p>　　transmission and distribution power syst

34、em [10-13]. Smart</p><p>　　grid development in china addresses many new challenge and</p><p>　　requirements for power system planning and operation in 9</p><p>　　key technical aspec

35、ts. To response the challenge, the paper</p><p>　　presents main research contents and key technologies in the</p><p>　　area of power system planning and operation, and proposed</p><p&

36、gt;　　detailed implementation procedure and anticipated goals.</p><p>　　Finally, some measures and suggestions for power system</p><p>　　planning and operation about China smart grid development&

37、lt;/p><p>　　are given in the paper.</p><p>　　II. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID</p><p>　　A. The Definition of Smart Grid</p><p>　　Based on physical power gri

38、d, smart grid is a new type</p><p>　　power grid which highly integrates modern advanced</p><p>　　information techniques, communication techniques, computer</p><p>　　science and tech

39、niques with physical grids. It has many</p><p>　　advantages, such as improving energy efficiency, reducing the</p><p>　　impact to environment, enhancing the security and reliability</p>&

40、lt;p>　　of power supply and reducing the power loss of the electricity</p><p>　　transmission network and so on.</p><p>　　The objectives of smart grid are: fully satisfy customer</p><

41、;p>　　requirements for electrical power, optimize resources</p><p>　　allocation, ensure the security, reliability and economic of</p><p>　　power supply, satisfy environment protection constrai

42、nts,</p><p>　　guarantee power quality and adapt to power market</p><p>　　development. Smart grid can provide customer with reliable,</p><p>　　economical, clean and interactive power

43、 supply and valueadded</p><p><b>　　services.</b></p><p>　　B. The Characteristics of Smart Grid</p><p>　　Smart grid holds the promise that the power sector can go</p&g

44、t;<p>　　"green" by not simply reducing the use of dirty power</p><p>　　generation methods but instead become a system that can take</p><p>　　more aggressive measures to lower gr

45、eenhouse gas emissions</p><p>　　through efficient integration of renewable energy sources.</p><p>　　Smart grid that focus on improving demand-side management</p><p>　　for energy and

46、 promoting renewable energy could be a</p><p>　　transformational force that redefines the way people view</p><p>　　energy generation, transmission and consumption, in that such</p><p&

47、gt;　　grids would encourage active engagement by the broader</p><p>　　society, not just power sector specialists.</p><p>　　Smart grid mainly has features as secure and reliable,</p><p&

48、gt;　　efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and</p><p>　　compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on [14-15].</p><p>　　( 1) Secure and Reliable: The power grid is still t

49、o</p><p>　　maintain the power supply capacity to the users, rather than a</p><p>　　large area power outage when big disturbances on the power</p><p>　　grid, faults, natural disaster

50、s and extreme weather conditions,</p><p>　　or man-made damage happen.</p><p>　　( 2) Efficient and Economical: The power grid can</p><p>　　improve the economic benefits through techn

51、ological</p><p>　　innovation, energy efficient management, orderly market</p><p>　　competition and related policies. The power grid is in support</p><p>　　of the electricity market

52、and power transactions effectively to</p><p>　　achieve the rational allocation of resources and reduce power</p><p>　　losses and finally to improve the efficiency of energy.</p><p>

53、　　( 3) Clean and Green: a large-scale of renewable energy</p><p>　　sources can be fed into the grid which will reduce the</p><p>　　potential impact on the environment.</p><p><b&

54、gt;　　2</b></p><p>　　( 4) Optimization: The power grid can improve power</p><p>　　supply reliability and security to meet electricity demand in</p><p>　　digital age. The optima

55、l cost to provide qualified electricity to</p><p>　　the community. Smart grid can optimize utilization of assets,</p><p>　　reduce investment costs and operation and maintenance costs.</p>

56、<p>　　Quality of power meets industry standards and consumer</p><p>　　needs. Provide various level of power quality for the range of</p><p><b>　　needs.</b></p><p>

57、　　( 5) Interactive: interaction and real-time response to the</p><p>　　power market and consumers, which improves service. Mature</p><p>　　wholesale market operations in place, well integrated&l

58、t;/p><p>　　nationwide and integrated with reliability coordinators. Retail</p><p>　　markets flourishing where appropriate. Minimize transmission</p><p>　　congestion and constraints.<

59、;/p><p>　　(6) Self-healing: The power grid has capabilities such as</p><p>　　real-time & on-line security assessment and analysis, powerful</p><p>　　control system for early warnin

60、g and prevention control,</p><p>　　automatic fault diagnosis, automatic fault isolation and system</p><p>　　self-recovery capability. Self-Healing and adaptive to correct</p><p>　　p

61、roblems before they become emergencies. Predictive rather</p><p>　　than reactive, to prevent emergencies ahead rather than solve</p><p>　　after. Resilient to attack and natural disasters with ra

62、pid</p><p>　　restoration capabilities.</p><p>　　(7) Flexible and Compatible: The power grid can support</p><p>　　correct, reasonable integration of renewable energy sources</p>

63、;<p>　　and it is suitable for integration of distributed generation and</p><p>　　micro power grid. Besides, it can improve and enhance the</p><p>　　function of demand side management to a

64、chieve the efficient</p><p>　　interaction capability with users. Accommodate all generation</p><p>　　and storage options. Very large numbers of diverse distributed</p><p>　　generati

65、on and storage devices deployed to complement the</p><p>　　large generating plants.</p><p>　　(8)Integrated: Unified platform and models are used on</p><p>　　the power grid. It can a

66、chieve a high degree of integration and</p><p>　　information sharing of power grid, and to achieve standard,</p><p>　　normative and refined management, which integrates the</p><p>　

67、　infrastructure, processes, devices, information and market</p><p>　　structure so that energy can be generated, distributed, and</p><p>　　consumed more efficiently and cost effectively. Thereby&

68、lt;/p><p>　　achieving a more resilient, secure and reliable energy system.</p><p>　　Integrated to merge all critical information.</p><p>　　III. SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA</p>

69、;<p>　　A. Necessities of Constructing China's Smart grid</p><p>　　(1) Rapid growth of economy and society require to</p><p>　　construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical&l

70、t;/p><p>　　power grid</p><p>　　Power grid is the important infrastructure of energy.</p><p>　　Chinese economy will remain high-growth in the future,</p><p>　　China's e

71、nergy and electricity demand over a longer period of</p><p>　　time to maintain a rapid growth in the basic pattern, as well as</p><p>　　the distribution of primary energy resources, uneven</p

72、><p>　　distribution and productivity of the basic national conditions,</p><p>　　objectively determine the need to implement long-distance,</p><p>　　large-scale transmission, walking ac

73、ross the country</p><p>　　optimization resource allocation path. Therefore, there is need</p><p>　　to construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical</p><p>　　power grid.<

74、;/p><p>　　(2) Global resource environment pressure require to</p><p>　　construct resource-saving and environmentally-friendly</p><p>　　power grid</p><p>　　A smart grid is

75、an inevitable choice for China to address</p><p>　　issues in its power industry and develop a lower-carbon</p><p>　　economy. Much of China's power is generated by dirty coal</p><p

76、>　　plants. The government has stated that it wants to clean up its</p><p>　　act by boosting renewable power generation to 15 percent of</p><p>　　the total power supply by 2020. Chinese smart

77、grid proposals</p><p>　　call for the integration of renewable power sources, including</p><p>　　wind and solar. The current power grid isn't able to efficiently</p><p>　　integra

78、te intermittent power generation from wind turbines or</p><p>　　solar panels.</p><p>　　In order to optimize the energy structure, improve energy</p><p>　　efficiency and improve the

79、climate adaptability, the state has</p><p>　　intensified the development on wind, solar and other</p><p>　　renewable energy. Especially for the large-scale renewable</p><p>　　energy

80、 base in the "Three North" area, the local demand is not</p><p>　　large enough to consume all local electricity, it's necessary to</p><p>　　transmit the electricity through long-di

81、stance grid to load</p><p>　　center. Generally, due to the intermittence and fluctuation of</p><p>　　renewable energy, formulation and implementation of</p><p>　　accurate power gene

82、ration plan is impossible, which challenge</p><p>　　the request the present ability on power acceptance and</p><p>　　optimizing resource allocation.</p><p>　　(3) Various generation

83、options require to construct</p><p>　　open and transparent, friendly and interactive power grid</p><p>　　With the improving of future Chinese electrification level,</p><p>　　power g

84、eneration enterprises and customers will have higher</p><p>　　requirements for service quality and principles. In order to</p><p>　　guarantee the power production and transmission, power</p&g

85、t;<p>　　generation enterprises require power grid to provide reliable,</p><p>　　efficient and flexible power integration. Electrical power</p><p>　　customers will be able to flexibly choo

86、se power supply modes,</p><p>　　need interaction between power grid to realize high efficient</p><p>　　economical power utilization, and be capable to send</p><p>　　distributed ener

87、gy power to power grid in the right time to</p><p>　　realize clean and efficient energy utilization.</p><p>　　(4 ) The development of power and relative industry</p><p>　　require to

88、 construct power grid with leading technology</p><p>　　and equipment</p><p>　　Depending on technology innovation, constructing unified</p><p>　　strong smart grid is the development

89、direction of power grid</p><p>　　of china. Many advanced technologies and advanced</p><p>　　equipment will be applied in constructing smart grid, a</p><p>　　substantial platform can

90、 be established for the stable and</p><p>　　secure operation of grids and improve the strength of the</p><p>　　grids' primary systems. It can upgrade the manufacture</p><p>　　te

91、chnology of power equipment and control technology of</p><p>　　power grid. The development of smart grid involved</p><p>　　technology and products in many fields of information,</p><p

92、>　　communication, power equipment manufacture, intelligent</p><p><b>　　3</b></p><p>　　home electricity machine and so on. It will promote not only</p><p>　　the develo

93、pment of relative industry but also the technology</p><p>　　innovation and equipment creation for intelligent building,</p><p>　　intelligent home and intelligent transportation.</p><p

94、>　　B. Basis oj Constructing China's Smart grid</p><p>　　The basic development goal of power grid is to form a</p><p>　　security and economical power grid. Constructing smart grid</p>

95、;<p>　　firstly depend on strong physical power grid. China speeding</p><p>　　up the construction the power grid with UHV grid as</p><p>　　backbone and subordinate grids coordinated develo

96、pment at</p><p>　　all levels. In the technical and institutional, equipment</p><p>　　manufacturing and project put into practice aspects has laid</p><p>　　down solid basis for the d

97、evelopment of smart grid [16].</p><p>　　China pays more attention to research and project</p><p>　　implementation, many achievements in smart grid have been</p><p>　　accomplished in

98、 China. To be specific, China has already</p><p>　　research and implementation in following technical aspects:</p><p>　　Generation link: In the power generation link includes</p><p>

99、;　　distributed generation, renewable energy generation, generator</p><p>　　and power system coordinate operation, and energy-saving</p><p>　　oriented dispatching technology and auto-generation c

100、ontrol.</p><p>　　Transformation link: In the power transformation link</p><p>　　includes UHV AC and UHV DC transmission, FACTS, digital</p><p>　　substation technology, PMU-based W A

101、MS, DMS, stateoriented</p><p>　　maintenance and so on.</p><p>　　Distribution and supply link: In the power distribution</p><p>　　and supply link includes distribution automation sys

102、tem and</p><p>　　feeder automation system, custom power, auto-metering,</p><p>　　Automation measurement technology and electric automobile</p><p>　　charge power station construction

103、 and so on.</p><p>　　Dispatching link: In the Dispatching link, much research</p><p>　　and application have been carried out, such as next generation</p><p>　　dispatch technology su

104、pporting system, four main dispatch</p><p>　　application platforms, dispatch technology of energy-saving</p><p>　　generation, online early warning and coordinated security and</p><p&g

105、t;　　defense technology, integrated model management, massive</p><p>　　information process technology, intelligent visualization,</p><p>　　dispatch defense technology for extreme disaster.</p&

106、gt;<p>　　Information building link: In the information building</p><p>　　link includes construction of system information collection,</p><p>　　load management system, automatic meter read

107、ing system and</p><p>　　other related systems. After promoting of marketing</p><p>　　information work for many years, the coverage of users with</p><p>　　electricity collected autom

108、atically improves every year, scope</p><p>　　and effect of the system is in gradual expansion, it has played</p><p>　　an active role in the company's marketing, production and</p><

109、;p>　　safety management. Many electricity companies are making</p><p>　　themselves more digital and information-wise, which also</p><p>　　contributes to smart grid construction.</p><

110、;p>　　C. Development Goals oJ China's Smart grid</p><p>　　The general development goals of China smart grid is</p><p>　　speed up construction of a strong power grid with UHV power</p>

111、;<p>　　grid as backbone, coordinated development of power grid at</p><p>　　all voltage levels, with information technology, digitization,</p><p>　　automation, interactive features into in