可編程控制器原理及其應(yīng)用外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、<p>　　2012屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書</p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　院 、 部： 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 </p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 職稱 副教授 </p><p>　　專

2、業(yè)： </p><p>　　班 級： </p><p>　　完成時間： </p><p>　　PLC Theory And Applications</p><p>　　A programmable logic controller, PLC, or programmable cont

3、roller is a small computer used for automation of real-world processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. The PLC usually uses a microprocessor. The program can often control complex sequencing and

4、is written by skilled engineers. The program is stored in battery-backed memory and/or EEPROMS.</p><p>　　Definition is: a digital electronic computer operating system specifically designed for using in the i

5、ndustrial environment. It adopts a category programmable memory for its internal storage procedures, the implementation of the logical operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as user

6、-oriented instructions, and through digital or analog input / output control various types of machinery or production processes.</p><p>　　1 PLC Development Course </p><p>　　In industrial produc

7、tion processes, a large number of switches in order to control it in a logical sequence of moves conditions, and in accordance with the logic of relations chain protection movement’s control, and a large number of discre

8、te volume data collection. Traditionally, these functions are achieved through pneumatic or electrical control system. 1968 U.S. GM (General Motors) company replaced following electrical control devices, the second year,

9、 the U.S. company has developed a number</p><p>　　The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include typical relay control, sophisticated motion control, process control, distributed control

10、systems and complex networking.</p><p>　　Personal computer (PC for short) has been developed, in order to facilitate, but also to reflect the functional characteristics of programmable controllers.</p>

11、<p>　　Programmable controller is named Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), now PC is often called PLC.</p><p>　　2 Programmable Controller Basic Tenets</p><p>　　PLC is based on computers

12、, and applies to industrial motor controlling work site. It originated from relay control devices, but it does relay devices, the physical process of controlling through circuits, and mainly relies on the operation of PL

13、C memory stored in the procedures for the realization of their information into and out of control.</p><p>　　PLCs were invented as less expensive replacements for older automated systems that would use thous

14、ands of relays and cam timers. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays. Programmable controllers were initially adopted by the automotive manufacturing industry, where software revision repla

15、ced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels.</p><p>　　PLC-based computer, but can not be equated with ordinary computers. Information is transformed into a universal computer, and it is only considered by

16、 information itself. No matter information goes into and out of it; it can be a good human interface. And the PLC will also consider the reliability of information in and out, real-time, and the use of information and ot

17、her issues. Special consideration must be given to how to adapt to the industrial environment, such as the ease of installation, i</p><p>　　2.1 PLC Composition </p><p>　　PLC is divided into two

18、 forms of fixed and modular (modular) in structure. Fixed PLC includes CPU boards, I/O boards, and panels shown, within blocks, electricity. All these elements into a portfolio as a whole are not detachable. Modular PLC

19、includes CPU</p><p>　　Modules, I/O module, memory, power supply module, or ill bed, these modules will be in accordance with the rules of portfolio allocation. </p><p>　　2.1.1 CPU Composition &

20、lt;/p><p>　　CPU is the core of PLC, and it plays a central role. At least one PLC has one CPU, the PLC system procedures is to receive and store the user's functional procedures and data collection methods

21、used by the scanning of the device or sent to the state data, and in the execution, at the same time, diagnostic power and the internal circuits PLC programming process and the work of the grammatical mistakes. During op

22、eration, from memory, the article retrieval user procedures is directively analyzed la</p><p>　　CPU mainly by arithmetic unit, the controller, register and the links between them to achieve data, control and

23、 pose a challenge, CPU module also includes outlying chips, and the bus interface circuits. Procedures exist mainly for storage and data is an integral PLC modules. </p><p>　　2.1.2 I/O Module </p>&l

24、t;p>　　PLC interfaces with the electrical circuit, and that is achieved through the importation of export segment (I/O) completed. I/O module integration of the PLC I/O circuit, the input signal into Short-term stored

25、equipment reflects state export points also reflects export flip-latch state. Import module will be converted into digital signals into electrical signal PLC system, and the output module opposite. I/O into switching to

26、import (DI), the export volume of switches (do), the volume of simula</p><p>　　2.1.3 Power Module </p><p>　　PLC power provides power for the IC modules. At the same time, some of them also work

27、 for the importation of power circuit to provide 24V. Power input divided into types below: sharing power (220VAC or 110VAC), direct current power supply (commonly used to 24VAC) </p><p>　　3 Programmable Co

28、ntroller Achieving Control Points </p><p>　　Transformation of information I/O can be achieved by physical, which is could be considered to be two basic points.</p><p>　　Information on their oper

29、ations into and out of storage exists in the procedures of PLC. PLC procedures established manufacturers of the system procedures (irrevocable), and users develop their own applications (users) procedures. Operating syst

30、em platforms provide procedures, and procedures for the PLC signal and reliable operation of the public with the information necessary conversion. Users control procedures designed by the users. What kind of control, due

31、 to what the user procedures. </p><p>　　Reliable physical realization mainly relies on anyone else (input) and (output) circuit. PLC’s I/O circuits are specially designed. Of a filter circuit to input signal

32、 to eliminate high-frequency interference. But with the internal computer circuits, electricity is isolated and it also relies on photocoupling networking components. Guangou components export relays networking exports f

33、rom electricity within and outside the circuit, or. A power output circuit also enlarged to be sufficient to gene</p><p>　　I/O circuits contains a lot of sorts, each entry points or export points to a circui

34、t I or O. PLC with how I/O point, the general will use a number of I/O circuit. But because the highly integrated circuit provided them, so size is not large share. </p><p>　　Constantly monitored the importa

35、tion of circuit status and pending in the importation of Short-term storing equipment. Each entry point has a corresponding memory of their information Short-term storing equipment Export circuit to export flip-latch dev

36、ices messaging to export points. Export flip-latch and the output is also gathers </p><p>　　Import and export of flip-latch and Short-term storing equipment here are the actual device of PLC processors I/O t

37、he register. They exchange information through computers and computer memory bus, and primarily by the realization of operating system procedures. Short-term storing equipment is to lose people read the information withi

38、n the PLC, it is said that the importation of regeneration. PLC is within the open storage of specialized information shine upon area. Each of the district counterpa</p><p>　　Export flip-latch and the PLC me

39、mory areas are exported shine upon counterpart. 1-export flip-latch have a hard place (bit) with its counterpart, the place known as export relays, or that exporting coil. By operating system procedures, and the output r

40、elays shine upon the state to export flip-latch. Also known as the shine upon exporting renewable. Is the main operating system on renewable export procedures achieved? Thus, users only need to be procedures that exist i

41、n the area of shine upon exp</p><p>　　4 Programmable Controller Achieve Control Of The Process </p><p>　　Briefly, PLC controlling process is usually achieved: </p><p>　　Of renewabl

42、e -- to users operating procedures -- to export renewable -- further importation of renewable -- to users operating procedures -- to export renewable: never stop to the cycle of repeated carried out. </p><p>

43、;　　With the above-mentioned process, the realization of a PLC control is clearly possible. Because: With the importation of renewable, can be imported by the import control circuit input shine upon information deposited

44、PLC District; By users operating procedures, and the output will be used after the district shine upon information; After exporting renewable exporting flip-latch will be reflected shine upon export zone status, and a co

45、rresponding export through export circuit. Also as a result of </p><p>　　To this end, the PLC work faster. Speed, execution time is short, the realization is PLC controlled. In fact, it is the speed soon, th

46、e implementation of a directive, several more elsewhere, scores elsewhere, but only 0.1 of the few, or 0.0 few refinements. And the speed is constantly improving. </p><p>　　In addition to operational users I

47、/O renewable and procedures, but also do public address work </p><p>　　Report processing: cycle time monitoring, and engineered services and communications processing. </p><p>　　Control cycle ti

48、me in order to avoid "dead cycle" in order to avoid duplication of procedures cannot be repeated continuously. Approach is the use of "man" (Watching dog). As long as the cycle of overtime, it can rep

49、ort or consequential. </p><p>　　The external services is acceptable for PLC programming by its operation, or through interfaces to export equipment, such as printers output data </p><p>　　Commun

50、ications processing is a PLC or computer, or other industrial control devices or the exchange of information among intelligence components. This is also enhanced PLC control needs</p><p>　　In other words, th

51、e actual process always PLC: public address --I/O renewable -- users operating procedures -- to the public address --: repeated constantly.</p><p>　　4.1 Programmable Controller Means To Achieve Control <

52、/p><p>　　This constant repetition of the operation procedures is used to achieve that control scanning. Is a computer-based real-time control? In addition, there are computers for control interruption. Interrup

53、tion in the form of applications to be processed first interruption control, the procedure was to stop the operation after the operation is, in turn, to deal with the interruption of work (the interruption of services op

54、erating procedures). Pending End interruption, and return to the original opera</p><p>　　Interruption in the form of computer to be utilized to the full, urgent tasks are to be dealt with in a timely manner.

55、 However, if at the same time to deal with several tasks that must be done? Priority will also be much easier to high-level, low? Care less than it might appear. Therefore, the interruption of work is not suited to the d

56、aily use of the site. </p><p>　　However, PLC scanning method is used mainly in cases of exclusion or suspension. Namely, a large number of controls by scanning all manner of dealing with individual needs, al

57、lowing the interruption of scanning operation procedures, turn to deal with it. This can be done taking into account all the control; the individual can carry out emergency treatment. </p><p>　　Actually the

58、process of PLC is more complex than we mentioned here, the analysis of its basic tenets, some theoretical issues. If the personnel on the above can enter a change, physical realization -- information processing, I/O call

59、 Cumming space, time -- scanning method supplemented by the interruption, as a way to study and understand it, and good understanding of PLC is how to achieve control and good grasp of the basic principles of PLC points.

60、 For more in-depth, in the further course of st</p><p>　　5 Programmable Controller Basic Characteristics </p><p>　　The operating principles are those from the discussion of PLC, PLC’s input an

61、d output are mutually separated in physics, which is linked to its existing storage operation on the procedures to achieve. It into a relevant, and not rely on physics, not a line; But by the information process, using s

62、oft logic links. Its work is based on the use of good information. </p><p>　　Information is material and energy with its own laws. Facilitate the processing of information, facilitate communication and facil

63、itate storage; Information may also be trusted, and so on. It is precisely because of these characteristics of information, decisions of the basic characteristics of the PLC.</p><p>　　The examples of PLC’s f

64、our characteristics are as follow:</p><p>　　5.1 Functional Rich </p><p>　　PLC functions are very rich. This was mainly related to the processing of information rich store of information systems

65、 and internal directives devices. </p><p>　　Scores up its command; several hundred may be a logic problem for all types of data processing also. Where ordinary computer can do, it can be done. </p>&l

66、t;p>　　Its internal devices that exist in the data storage area is a wide range of capacity ambitious. I/O relays can be used to store input, a point of information, fewer scores, and more up to thousands and tens of t

67、housands or even ten thousands. This means that it can carry out so many I/O points into and out of information used for such large-scale control. Its internal various relays, representing intermediate relays, the numb

68、er more. A place can exist as an intermediate relays, how much! </p><p>　　Its counter, timer and many are relay circuits are far behind. Minor modifications or modules, and its internal timer, and can reach

69、100 meters, thousands. This is because as long as the word that will be used exists, and some signs spaces become timer, counter, so it is that much. </p><p>　　Furthermore, these internal device must be inst

70、alled into electricity maintained, or not maintained we call that the call for the replacement of the. Use to meet different requirements. These pieces are also relays difficult to achieve. </p><p>　　Its dat

71、a can be used to store large data storage area, hundreds, thousands and tens of information can be kept, and not after the loss of electricity.</p><p>　　PLC is rich external equipment may establish friendly

72、computer interface for the exchange of information. Could into procedures into data readable by the procedures read? And reading and writing in the book, the screen. Data read out, it can dumps can print. Data entry into

73、 can to the card reading, and so on. </p><p>　　PLC has communications interfaces with the computer link or networking, exchange of information and computers. Networking can do it itself to form a single airc

74、raft that cannot have greater, broader geographical control system. </p><p>　　PLC also includes powerful functions could be carried out since the diagnosis. The results can be automatically recorded. This in

75、creased transparency for its maintenance, facilitated. </p><p>　　Rich functions for the PLC to provide a wide range of applications possible; At the same time, also for industrial automation systems, and con

76、trol much of the intelligent move created conditions. </p><p>　　Collection rich in functions such as PLC who is not-call controls; More traditional relay control circuits are incomparable. </p><p&

77、gt;　　5.2 User-friendly </p><p>　　PLC control system used to achieve it is very convenient. This is because: first PLC control logic established procedures, the procedures used to replace hardware wiring. Se

78、ries of procedures than wiring change procedures than changes wiring of course easier! </p><p>　　Secondly PLC hardware is highly integrated, has integrated modules for various miniaturization. Furthermore, t

79、hese modules are complementary, have achieved mass production and standardization. Various control systems for modular PLC manufacturers have more cash supply, the market can be bought. Therefore, the hardware system con

80、figuration and construction are also very convenient. </p><p>　　For this reason, using programmable controller is the word "may". For software stresses that its procedures may be also be incorporat

81、ed. Stresses on hardware, its configuration variable, but also easy to change. </p><p>　　Specifically, the PLC gains five convenient points:</p><p>　　(1) Allocation for: access control system to

82、 determine the needs of the PLC using any, type, what module to the number of modules finalized, the market order to purchase it.</p><p>　　(2) Facilitate the installation: PLC hardware installation simple, e

83、asy assembly. External wiring is wiring devices, wiring simple, but then a good, replacement modules, the new module, wiring devices to be installed are no longer wiring. What line did not receive internal, as long as ne

84、cessary to make some set dipswitches or software set, and prepared user procedures can work? </p><p>　　(3) Programming convenience: PLC internal Although no actual relays, timing relays, counters, but it thr

85、ough procedures (software) and the system memory, these devices are really exist. Its volume is relays control system unimaginable. Even small PLC, a few can be thousands of internal relays, time relays, counting also hu

86、ndreds. Furthermore, these relays allow unlimited use of the Network. PLC internal logic devices as users are not used to have any restrictions on them. Only consider only into</p><p>　　PLC's engineered

87、rich, many types of programming devices, are more convenient to use, there are data monitoring devices, PLC can control the work. Many also use PLC software, available not only similar to relay circuit design ladder diag

88、ram language, and some also use basic language, C language, to the extent that natural language. These provide a convenient programming for. PLC</p><p>　　PLC procedures also facilitate the storage, use and r

89、e-transplant. A stereotyped product is used in the PLC process improvement, where such products are used. Production one Taiwan, a copy will be. This compared relays circuit Taiwan and Taiwan must wiring equipment, debug

90、ging, and much simpler to save. </p><p>　　(4) Maintenance convenient, which is because </p><p>　　Firstly, PLC’s reliable work, failure of the small, which greatly reduces the maintenance workloa

91、d. This in turn PLC's third characteristic, will be further introduced</p><p>　　Second, even if the PLC failure, the maintenance is very convenient. This is because the PLC had many failures presentation

92、 signals, such as PLC maintain support within the cell voltage insufficient data, the corresponding signals are low voltage directives. Moreover, the PLC itself is also a record of failure. Therefore, PLC, a failure, it

93、is very easy diagnosis. At the same time, it is also diagnosed rear failure is simple. Pai it may module, the module can buy spare parts market, the replacem</p><p>　　(5) To facilitate: PLC for certain equip

94、ment, if the equipment is no longer used, it could be used in the PLC to use other equipment, as long as this adaptation process is fulfilled. If the original equipment with new equipment is from the larger one, the numb

95、er of modules therefore can be trusted. </p><p>　　5.3 Reliable Work </p><p>　　PLC control system used to achieve it is very reliable. This is because the PLC hardware and software in two aspect

96、s have taken many measures to ensure that it reliable. In fact, if PLC unreliable work cannot be used in industrial environments, will not make itself PLC</p><p>　　5.3.1 In terms of hardware: </p>&l

97、t;p>　　PLC input and output circuit internal CPU is electricity segregation. photocoupling information is on the device or the transmission of electromagnetic devices. Moreover, the CPU board is resisting electromagnet

98、ic interference shielding measures. It will ensure that PLC operating procedures and magnetic interference from the outside world -- too normal. </p><p>　　PLC -use components for many of the non-contact, but