土木專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--瀝青路面

1、<p><b>　　專業(yè)外文翻譯原文</b></p><p>　　road surface of pitch</p><p><b>　　1 Debulk</b></p><p>　　1.1 Summary</p><p>　　Good pitch road surface quality

2、 is it reflect , appear any quality defect will all that has been achieved has come to nothing in rolling through rolling to want. The durable performance of meeting pitch road surface of the structure demand is affected

3、 by two indexes mainly, namely the mixture and debulk designed. In these two indexes , lack any durable performance that can't ensure the pitch road surface , if insufficient debulk, optimum mixture that design will

4、reduce serviceability , pitch of </p><p>　　Debulk course to reduce pitch course , air vent of content in the mixture, for solid particle stemming and orientating among one viscoplasticity medium course this,

5、 in the form of forming a kind of closely more knit and more effective particle to arrange. This course only takes place under the construction state in theory, but not under the traffic condition.</p><p>　　

6、1.2 Impact on debulk of composition material on the pitch road surface</p><p>　　1.2.1 collects material performance </p><p>　　in order to reach the ideal solidity of pressing, it is very importa

7、nt to collect material and detailed some nature of collecting material thickly: Such as the particle form, raised angle , the absorbing water rate and surface are constructed, grade mix mixture most heavy to collect mate

8、rial size , thick to collect material proportion , consumption and type ,etc. , consumption of sand and powder of ore pigeonhole to pitch mixture solidity have direct influence.</p><p>　　Under the same situa

9、tion as other indexes , collect material one grade of mixture or disconnected grade mixed and mix mixture than exchanging debulk more than the single size from thick to the detailed even grade of mixture mixed , thick to

10、 collect material proportion heavy pitch mixture, must increase the strength of keeping notably , could obtain the necessary space rate . On the other hand, many sand, or detailed grade buy bituminous concrete to be very

11、 much easy to be plastic, this kind of m</p><p>　　1.2.2 pitch viscidity influence</p><p>　　pitch viscidity influence pitch mixture strength degree, and can debulk nature have something to do wit

12、h mixture. At the mixture, high viscidity can pin down particle move often as debulk pitch, if pitch viscidity too low, is it collect material to be particle easy to move and push and shove in real time to press. When pi

13、tch mixture temperature is higher, pitch is it is it collect material particle rub lubricant of obstruction to overcome to make, when the mixture has already been cooled, the pi</p><p>　　1.2.3 performance of

14、 mixture influence</p><p>　　in fact, performance , pitch of mixture, influence degree, road surface of debulk the heaviest to pitch, the influence than simple to collect material or drip breed obvious even.

15、When pitch consumption is lower in the pitch mixture easy to is it do astringent , coarse mixture to form, often difficult debulk; When pitch consumption is too great, can form and lubricate the mixture excessivly , make

16、 the mixture under the function of the road roller, form unstable and can fracture ing , mixture suff</p><p>　　1.3 Temperature impact on pitch road </p><p>　　surface debulk pitch debulk performa

17、nce , mixture of road surface receive match ratio design, influence of factor, variety of pitch and temperature ,etc. of debulk, it is the most influential but with debulk temperature. As everyone knows, the properties o

18、f pitch and pitch mixture are very sensitive to temperature, is it can know (125C 1130 ) in the same grade is it under the mixture , roll rising of temperature at the same time to mix to test. Mixture try on pieces of de

19、nsity increase , air rat</p><p>　　1.4 mechanical impact on pitch road</p><p>　　Because pitch road surface quality should reflect the mechanical impact on pitch road surface debulk of debulk thro

20、ugh rolling finally, so, the selecting type and disposing of debulk machinery seems particularly important. Dark- expressway two bid section (13.4km ) pitch concrete road surface project Kui, construct by Xinjiang the no

21、rth new construction of road and brige Limited Company, the layers of structure for 6cm thick grains of type grains of grains of type bituminous concrete of the type</p><p>　　Can know according to experience

22、. The rolls and only fix through testing section all over countinging of pitch road surface, and should also be in the type of the road roller, solidity of pressing, shake frequently under the situation confirmed of vali

23、d debulk time of the amplitude , mixture, could get . Can select through conclusion to test section to debulk speed at the same time. By result of the test analyse can know , while rolling all over counting the samly , r

24、oll slow than roll speed get</p><p>　　1.5 pitch concrete glue</p><p>　　and form analysis and research VFA (pitch consumption) of strength and pitch kind to solve pitch concrete glued and marries

25、 the strength problem. Because Marshall's test method has not already accorded with the actual conditions(because the concrete road surface of pitch has been pressed gently by the automobile tire on the real highway,

26、 Marshall test hit real number of times whether two sides each hit 75 times, if increase and hit the real number of times at the same time, aggregate break up an</p><p>　　The kind of the pitch and ore materi

27、al glue the strength of forming influencing the pitch concrete to the seizing of the pitch directly in addition, so the good modified pitch with good resisting splitting at the time of the low temperature at the same tim

28、e of high-temperature stability has appeared at home, and should deal with the acid and neutral hard quality ore material , improve the seizing, generally adopt and catch the lime wash and is washed or mixed and adds the

29、 quick lime powder or lo</p><p>　　2 Pitch preventative maintenance and machinery of concrete road surface</p><p>　　2.1 The characteristic of concrete road surface of original sin and type of dam

30、aging</p><p>　　Pitch because concrete road surface use and glue and form strength better pitch material made and combine the material , therefore gluing the strength of forming while strengthening the ore ma

31、terial greatly , has improved the intensity and stability of the mixture, make to use the quality and durability raise road surface . Pitch concrete road surface have surface level, infiltrate, drive a vehicle advantage

32、comfortable, with low noises, therefore find more and more extensive application. But it</p><p>　　Pitch damage of concrete road surface overall to can be divided into two big classes, one is structural damag

33、e , including the destruction of a certain part whole or among them of structure of road surface , the ones that made road surface unable to support and is scheduled loaded; Another functional damage, it might follow and

34、 structural damage take place, but because roughness and resisting the decline in slippery performance,etc. make it not have a function booked again, thus influenced quali</p><p>　　Pitch early disease of con

35、crete road surface show as early rut and decay of roughness, suffused with oil and resist slippery decline of performance often at expressway, show as early small crack at ordinary arterial highway, detailed material los

36、e cause undisguised, polishes, , the host is lost, surface disease that the road surface infiltrates. That the pitch wears out. If disease the can deal with but develop as one pleases in early days, must lead to the fact

37、 surface to be loose further, or c</p><p>　　2.2 Important meaning of preventative maintenance</p><p>　　Around the relation that is built and maintaining, maintaining and preventing, with the con

38、stant perfection of the road network, only keep good road surface serviceability for a long time, the huge investment of road construction could give full play to its investment benefit , keep road surface good technolog

39、ical state must have one maintaining and support system come guarantee powerful for a long time, come from this meaning and say , maintain a kind of continuation that is road construction i</p><p>　　Though p

40、reventative maintenance needs to invest some expenses, it is a kind of expenses- benefit than very good maintenance measure. American department mentions in the road surface solution , what the American road industry was

41、 once passed to different grades of hundreds of thousands kilometers is followed, find that the serviceability and life-span of these roads have a common change characteristic : A road with qualified quality, performance

42、 drops by 40% within service life 75%, called preven</p><p>　　Correct serviceability that implement preventative maintenance and can keep the road surface good , lengthen life cycle of road surface , reduce

43、life cycle expenses and economize and maintain the fund. Plan and estimate according to SHRP , go on preventative maintenance of 3-4 can lengthen 10- 1 years such as service life within life cycle of whole road surface,

44、economize and maintain 45-50% of expenses, these foreign experience of benefitting is worth we drew lessons from . Need emphasize , imp</p><p>　　2.3 Choose suitable preventative maintenance machinery</p&g

45、t;<p>　　Carry on maintenance promptly when the road surface presents disease omen , make it not happen or continue developing, expanding , influence the stability of the basic unit, should carry on preventative ma

46、intenance. Preventative maintenance capital equipment have and irritate and sew machinery, road surface part mend homework machinery, heavy area surface punish machinery, usually.</p><p>　　The pressure type

47、irritates the sewing machine: Adopt artificial way to irritate and sew the homework, though can prevent the infiltration of the sub-surface of rainwater , alleviate the development with further crack, but because the sea

48、led material is not irritated deeply enough, it is very difficult to reach the lasting result. Adopt pressure type irritate person who sew can irritate deep layer to reach the crack sealed material, irritate and sew bett

49、er result , can lengthen service life of r</p><p>　　Irritate and sew homework want and carry on clear to go on and irritate and sew after sewing first generally, greater than 3 crack of mm need and slot the

50、homework generally. Irritate the heating that the sewing machine should be furnished with the control device of pressure, sealed material mainly or keep the device warm, for prevent spray gun hose from stop up and should

51、 take corresponding heating, keep measure warm also. The main characteristic of the pulling type is: Heat storehouse volume 4</p><p>　　Mend the hole machine in spraying type: Person who spray pitch road surf

52、ace mend technology one high-efficient mending road surface hole maintenance technology of pool fast, cardinal principle to utilize way of spaying with high presure , mix emulsification pitch that heat already through no

53、zzle with conveyer belt dept. of orthopedics come to convey, spray the mixture to the hole pool of road surface evenly through the compressed air at a high speed, because passing through function reaches and </p>

54、<p>　　Hope that you remember my result every day. Car chassis (or pulling type); Pitch pot of emulsification and heating and keep the device warm, sending the pipeline; The aggregate stores the storehouse and convey

55、er belt; The cleaner stores the pot; Liquor pressure drive; Air compressor machine and nozzle make up . In pool go on and clear up, after repairing, attenbant need and know one nozzle (operate button at nozzle handle) ca

56、n finish the hole pool of road surface mend the homework only to hole. </p><p>　　Hot recycled key part of equipment to heat board mainly on the spot, it want offer high-efficient heat energy of radiating, he

57、at and should short time to old road surface have, and reach certain depth; Can't be overheated, make the pitch wear out , lose the recycled meaning. Great Britain reach company repair the roads king heat board take

58、interval heating way, can one is penetrated to the road surface deep layer, and road surface top layer pitch wear out again and hotly, well solve this problem</p><p>　　The rare thick liquid seals one layer o

59、f pitch rare thick liquid of emulsification with modifying and seals one layer of pavers: Rare thick liquid seal layers of technology to new, old wear out, crack, smooth loose of road surface, hole trough. Disease can pl

60、ay prevent and function of maintenance, make road surface waterproof, resist slippery, levels, wear-resisting performance is raised rapidly. In recent years, because rare thick liquid seal layers of standardization that

61、construct, standardiz</p><p>　　Modify emulsification pitch rare thick liquid seal layer modify emulsification pitch with roll and break to pieces by water quality high polymer intensive material, mineral pac

62、king, water and surface that additive make up punish layer one, can pave the thin layer , solidify fast, can open traffic in an hour after constructing in characteristic, because modify the pitch rare thick liquid of emu

63、lsification seal one layer of solidification time faster than the ordinary rare thick liquid, modify emu</p><p>　　The pitch road surface maintains machinery and cares the car synthetically, cares the car etc

64、. multi-functionally, have given play to one's own characteristics in the maintenance of the superhighway. As the constant increase,, especially the expressway of the superhighway increase, and the constant innovatio

65、n on maintenance work craft and material , the mechanical manufacturer to maintaining , including the respects, such as designing, making, after-sale service. Put forward higher and higher re</p><p>　　3 pitc

66、h concrete road surface in constructing</p><p>　　1. one of precautions infiltrate, design and grade kind pitch concrete match ratio very in theory in constructing, in not butting if can't construct it gu

67、arantee by pitch concrete homogeneity(include and grade and last homogeneity that shut pitch , homogeneity that pave, roll homogeneity of shaping), pitch concrete road surface equally will produce infiltrate, purt thick

68、liquid, rut, suffused with oil,etc. destroy the phenomenon in early days. Stone fit expressway pitch concrete finish adopt man</p><p>　　2. Pitch concrete that cause in constructing it emanates to be in many

69、aspects , celebrate book of academician Lin already discussed a lot in sand, the supplementary formsing when pave in the course and emanates here will be caused and pay close attention to , pave and can dispel and pave w

70、ith two 6 wide ABG423 course grade and emanate and temperature emanate basically, if pave a ABG paver 12 meters wide, it is very serious that the ones that paves course are emanated, a lot of countries forbid </p>

71、<p>　　3. Control layers of oil completely and glue layers of homogeneity and very much important amount of oil spent of oil strictly, if person who uses oil too much and also even, surplus layers of oil glue layers

72、 of oil permeate and get pitch among the concrete completely, cause pitch pitch of concrete consumption heavy in fact, road surface appear suffused with oil and phenomenon of rut. </p><p>　　4.Control the sol

73、idity of pressing strictly: Guarantee that the absolute space rate of the pitch concrete is smaller than 7%, could guarantee that the concrete road surface of pitch does not infiltrate . Want the high temperature to be r

74、olled while constructing, should make sure that it is not lower than 130 ° Cs to reply the pitch concrete road surface temperature after finishing pressing, want and adopt large tonnage rubber tyer road roller pigeo

75、nhole for the first time keep solidity result ve</p><p><b>　　專業(yè)外文翻譯譯文</b></p><p><b>　　瀝青路面</b></p><p><b>　　1 壓實(shí)</b></p><p><b>

76、　　1.1 概述</b></p><p>　　良好的瀝青路面質(zhì)量要通過(guò)碾壓來(lái)體現(xiàn)，如果碾壓中出現(xiàn)任何質(zhì)量缺陷必將前功盡棄。滿足結(jié)構(gòu)要求的瀝青路面的耐用性能主要受兩個(gè)指標(biāo)的影響，即設(shè)計(jì)的混合料和壓實(shí)。在這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)中，缺少任何一個(gè)都不能保障瀝青路面的耐用性能，如果不充分壓實(shí)，最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)的混合料都會(huì)降低瀝青路面的使用性能，而良好壓實(shí)能有效地改進(jìn)一種不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的混合料的結(jié)果。因此，壓實(shí)被認(rèn)為是影響瀝青路面耐用性能最

77、重要的因素之一。 壓實(shí)過(guò)程是減少瀝青混合料中氣孔含量的過(guò)程，此過(guò)程為固體顆粒在一種粘彈性介質(zhì)中的填實(shí)和定位，以形成一種更密實(shí)和有效的顆粒排列形式。理論上這一過(guò)程只發(fā)生在施工狀況下，而不是交通條件下。1.2瀝青路面的組成材料對(duì)壓實(shí)的影響 1.2.1集料性能 為了達(dá)到理想的壓實(shí)度，粗集料及細(xì)集料的一些性質(zhì)是非常重要的：如顆粒形狀、棱角、吸水率和表面構(gòu)造，級(jí)配混合料的最大集料尺寸、粗集料比例、砂用量、礦粉用量和類型等

78、對(duì)瀝青混合料的壓實(shí)度都有直接影響?！　≡谂c其它指標(biāo)相同的情況下，從粗到細(xì)均勻級(jí)配的混合料比單一尺寸集料級(jí)配的混合料或間斷級(jí)配混合料較易壓實(shí)，粗集料比例大的瀝青混合料，必須顯著增大壓實(shí)力，才能獲得所需空</p><p>　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在規(guī)定的135℃瀝青粘度越高，混合料減少空隙率的抵抗力越大。因此，使用高粘度瀝青時(shí)，采用較高的壓實(shí)溫度是減少粘度促進(jìn)瀝青路面可壓實(shí)的必要手段。據(jù)資料數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在給定的溫度下，低粘度的

79、瀝育比高粘度的瀝青達(dá)到的密實(shí)度更高，通過(guò)升高壓實(shí)溫度，高粘度瀝育能達(dá)到與低粘度瀝青一樣高的壓實(shí)度。由此可見(jiàn)，了解壓實(shí)溫度下瀝青粘度的狀態(tài)對(duì)促進(jìn)瀝青路面良好的壓實(shí)有重要意義?！　?.2.3混合料的性能影響　　事實(shí)上，瀝青混合料的性能，對(duì)瀝青路面壓實(shí)的影響程度最大，這種影響甚至比單純集料或?yàn)r育更明顯。　　當(dāng)瀝青混合料中瀝青用量較低時(shí)易形成干澀、粗糙的混合料，往往難于壓實(shí)；當(dāng)瀝青用量太大時(shí)，可形成過(guò)度潤(rùn)滑混合料，使混合料在壓路機(jī)作用下，

80、形成不穩(wěn)定且可開(kāi)裂、交通開(kāi)放后泛油的混合料；對(duì)于低于最佳瀝青用量的混合料，可以通過(guò)增加壓實(shí)過(guò)程的效率來(lái)減少空隙率，達(dá)到一種滿意程度；但如果瀝青用量高于最佳值時(shí)，在壓實(shí)時(shí)，幾乎不能防止瀝青混合料的極限變形；其次，如果集料在烘干時(shí)含水量未達(dá)到規(guī)范最小值的要求，這種濕的瀝青混合料，在壓實(shí)過(guò)程中呈現(xiàn)移動(dòng)的傾向，結(jié)果也很難進(jìn)行壓實(shí)施工。1.3溫度對(duì)瀝青路面壓實(shí)的影響　　</p><p>　　1.5 瀝青砼粘結(jié)力的影響

81、 </p><p>　　研究VFA（瀝青用量）和瀝青種類是解決瀝青砼粘結(jié)力問(wèn)題。由于馬歇爾試驗(yàn)方法和實(shí)際情況已經(jīng)不符（因?yàn)閷?shí)際公路上瀝青砼路面受汽車輪胎柔壓，同時(shí)馬歇爾試驗(yàn)擊實(shí)次數(shù)是兩面各擊75次，如再增加擊實(shí)次數(shù)，骨料就被擊破碎了，而柔壓再增加靜載骨料也沒(méi)有破碎情況發(fā)生），所以我們必須用其它理論來(lái)解決瀝青砼油石比問(wèn)題</p><p>　　我們用粘信封的道理來(lái)解釋瀝青砼油膜厚度（油石比）問(wèn)

82、題，我們粘信封時(shí)涂上一定的漿糊進(jìn)行粘貼，隨著壓力的增大，多余的漿糊被擠出來(lái)，信封口粘的就越緊，一定的壓力和漿糊的厚度是有關(guān)系的，壓力越大，漿糊的厚度越薄，粘結(jié)力也就越大。瀝青砼油膜厚度也是一樣，當(dāng)我們施工時(shí)采用的碾壓設(shè)備（輪胎）的壓強(qiáng)越大，初壓溫度越高，油膜厚度越薄，形成的瀝青砼粘結(jié)力也就越大，這就是美國(guó)工程兵JOHN.L.MCRAE先生的GTM機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)柔壓理論，該GTM試驗(yàn)機(jī)很好地解決了碾壓設(shè)備（輪胎壓強(qiáng)）、碾壓溫度和油石比（油膜厚度）

83、的關(guān)系。鑒于我國(guó)大型車量輪胎壓強(qiáng)已達(dá)到1.0Mpa以上，所以建議使用GTM試驗(yàn)機(jī)用1.0Mpa的壓力進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn)柔壓，試驗(yàn)時(shí)溫度為130∽135度，穩(wěn)定后的用油量為設(shè)計(jì)用油量?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工工藝要求復(fù)壓完成后的溫度控制在130度以上，初壓采用大噸位輪胎壓路機(jī)（輪胎壓強(qiáng)為1.0Mpa以上）。 </p><p>　　另外瀝青的種類及礦料對(duì)瀝青的粘附性也直接影響著瀝青砼粘結(jié)力，所以國(guó)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了高溫穩(wěn)定性好同時(shí)低溫時(shí)具有良好的抗裂性

84、的改性瀝青，并且要對(duì)酸性的和中性的硬質(zhì)礦料要進(jìn)行處理，提高粘附性，一般采用生石灰水清洗或摻加生石灰粉或低標(biāo)號(hào)水泥。</p><p>　　2 瀝青混凝土路面預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)與機(jī)械</p><p>　　2.1 瀝青混凝土路面特點(diǎn)及損壞類型 </p><p>　　瀝青混凝土路面由于使用粘結(jié)力較強(qiáng)的瀝青材料作結(jié)合料，因而大大增強(qiáng)了礦料間的粘結(jié)力，提高了混合料的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，使路面

85、的使用質(zhì)量和耐久性得到提高。瀝青混凝土路面具有表面平整、不滲水、行車舒適、噪音小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因而獲得越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。但它也經(jīng)常受到天氣、溫度、行車以及材料等方面的影響，以及路面結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等方面的原因，不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的病害，而這些病害又對(duì)行車速度、路面使用壽命、乘客舒適性以及交通安全等帶來(lái)了有害的影響。 </p><p>　　瀝青混凝土路面的損壞總體可分為兩大類，一類為結(jié)構(gòu)性損壞，包括路面結(jié)構(gòu)整體或其中某一部

86、分的破壞，使路面不能支承預(yù)定的荷載；另一類為功能性損壞，它可能不伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)性損壞而發(fā)生，但由于平整度和抗滑性能等的下降，使其不再具有預(yù)定的功能，從而影響了行車質(zhì)量。 </p><p>　　瀝青混凝土路面的早期病害在高速公路上常常表現(xiàn)為早期車轍和平整度的衰減、泛油和抗滑性能的下降，在普通干線公路上則表現(xiàn)為早期的微小裂縫，細(xì)料失落導(dǎo)致的露骨、磨光，瀝青老化、基質(zhì)損失、路面滲水等表面病害。這些病害如不能在早期處理而任其發(fā)

87、展，則必然進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致表面松散，或由于滲水而導(dǎo)致下層剝落以及深度車轍等嚴(yán)重的變形類病害，繼而造成坑槽等結(jié)構(gòu)性損壞，從而必須采用修復(fù)性的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行路面維修。因此，尋求一種快捷、方便、成本合理的解決瀝青混凝土路面早期病害的適用技術(shù)是養(yǎng)護(hù)工作中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。 </p><p>　　2.2 預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)的重要意義 </p><p>　　圍繞建設(shè)與養(yǎng)護(hù)、維修與預(yù)防的關(guān)系，隨著路網(wǎng)的不斷完善，只有長(zhǎng)期保

88、持良好的路面使用性能，公路建設(shè)的巨額投資才能充分發(fā)揮其投資效益，而長(zhǎng)期保持路面良好的技術(shù)狀況必須有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的養(yǎng)護(hù)維修支持系統(tǒng)來(lái)保障，從這一意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，養(yǎng)護(hù)維修實(shí)際上是公路建設(shè)的一種繼續(xù)。在路面養(yǎng)護(hù)和維修的關(guān)系上，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們總是習(xí)慣于等到路面開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)損壞后，才想起要對(duì)它進(jìn)行維修，而對(duì)于路面還處于良好狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)的意義則往往認(rèn)識(shí)不足。預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種周期性的強(qiáng)制保養(yǎng)措施，它并不考慮路面是否已經(jīng)有了某種損壞。預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)最佳實(shí)

89、施時(shí)機(jī)應(yīng)該是在路面尚處于良好狀況，或者只有某些病害先兆時(shí)進(jìn)行。雖然預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)需要投入某些費(fèi)用，但它是一種費(fèi)用—效益比非常良好的養(yǎng)護(hù)措施。美國(guó)科氏路面解決方案中提到，美國(guó)道路業(yè)曾通過(guò)對(duì)幾十萬(wàn)公里不同等級(jí)道路的跟蹤，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些道路的使用性能和壽命有一個(gè)共同的變化特征:一條質(zhì)量合格的道路，在使用壽命75%的時(shí)間內(nèi)性能下降40%，這一階段稱之為預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)階段。如不能及時(shí)養(yǎng)護(hù)，在隨后 12%的使用壽命時(shí)間內(nèi)，性能再次下降40%，從而造成養(yǎng)護(hù)成本大幅

90、度的增加，這一階段稱之為矯正性養(yǎng)護(hù)階段。并通過(guò)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)得</p><p>　　2.3 選擇合適的預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)械 </p><p>　　在路面出現(xiàn)病害先兆之時(shí)即進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)，使其不發(fā)生或不繼續(xù)發(fā)展、擴(kuò)大，影響到基層的穩(wěn)定，就應(yīng)該進(jìn)行預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)。通常預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)主要設(shè)備有灌縫機(jī)械、路面局部修補(bǔ)作業(yè)機(jī)械、大面積表面處治機(jī)械等。 </p><p>　　壓力式灌縫機(jī)：采用人工的方式

91、進(jìn)行灌縫作業(yè)，雖然可以防止雨水對(duì)路面基層的滲透，緩解裂縫進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，但由于密封材料灌得不夠深，很難達(dá)到持久的效果。而采用壓力式灌縫機(jī)則可將密封材料灌到裂縫的深層，灌縫效果較好，能延長(zhǎng)路面的使用壽命，提高行駛車輛的安全性與舒適性。 </p><p>　　灌縫作業(yè)前一般先要進(jìn)行清縫后再進(jìn)行灌縫，大于3mm的裂縫一般還需要開(kāi)槽作業(yè)。灌縫機(jī)主要應(yīng)配有壓力控制裝置、密封材料的加熱或保溫裝置，為防止噴槍軟管堵塞還應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)

92、的加熱、保溫（如纏繞電熱帶等）措施。拖掛式的主要特點(diǎn)是：加熱倉(cāng)容積為470L，功能較齊全，適用于大面積灌縫作業(yè)。雙立元公司手推式熱灌縫機(jī)的加熱倉(cāng)容積為40L，體積小、操作方便、使用靈活、造價(jià)低，并可根據(jù)工作量視情另增配加熱釜，主要適用于熱填縫料的灌縫作業(yè)；還有不帶加熱功能的冷灌縫機(jī)，主要使用聚合物改性水質(zhì)填縫料。如科氏改性乳化瀝青冷灌縫料，當(dāng)乳化瀝青固化后，高分子改性瀝青與裂縫緊密粘結(jié)，能保證灌縫料與裂縫有良好的粘附力。由于冷灌縫工藝簡(jiǎn)

93、單，使用方便，在瀝青路面預(yù)防性養(yǎng)護(hù)中具有廣闊的前景。 </p><p>　　噴射式補(bǔ)坑機(jī)：噴射式瀝青路面修補(bǔ)技術(shù)是一種高效、快速修補(bǔ)路面坑塘的養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)，主要原理是利用高壓噴射方式，將已加熱的乳化瀝青經(jīng)過(guò)噴管與輸送帶傳送來(lái)的骨科相混合，通過(guò)高速壓縮空氣將混合料均勻地噴射到路面坑塘中，由于貫性的作用達(dá)到密實(shí)粘結(jié)的效果。由于工藝簡(jiǎn)單，又無(wú)需再進(jìn)行碾壓，補(bǔ)坑作業(yè)時(shí)間短，能很快開(kāi)放交通。 </p><p

94、>　　噴射式路面補(bǔ)坑機(jī)主要由汽車底盤（或拖掛式）；乳化瀝青罐及其加熱保溫裝置、輸送管道；骨料貯存?zhèn)}及輸送帶；清洗液儲(chǔ)罐；液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置；空壓機(jī)與噴管等組成。在對(duì)坑塘進(jìn)行清理、修整以后，操作人員只需掌握一根噴管（操作按鈕均在噴管手柄上）就可以完成路面坑塘修補(bǔ)作業(yè)。在使用中要注意控制好骨料的質(zhì)量與級(jí)配；選擇好乳化瀝青的破乳速度；掌握好噴射量以保證修補(bǔ)后的路面平整度等。 </p><p>　　路面熱再生修補(bǔ)機(jī)械：為

95、了節(jié)約寶貴的路用材料，以及減少銑刨下來(lái)的這些舊料對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，不少地方大力推廣舊路用材料的再生利用，其中瀝青就地?zé)嵩偕に囉捎谂c冷銑-廠拌再生工藝相比，減少了舊料運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用以及廠拌再生一般須使用連續(xù)式拌和設(shè)備等原因，在江蘇省高速公路的養(yǎng)護(hù)與維修上，得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)英達(dá)公司提供的資料，其“修路王”修補(bǔ)方法與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，修補(bǔ)時(shí)間可節(jié)省六分之五，作業(yè)人員節(jié)省二分之一，舊路用材料完全利用，新瀝青混合料用量可節(jié)省二分之一。 </p>

96、;<p>　　就地?zé)嵩偕O(shè)備的關(guān)鍵部分主要是加熱板，它要提供高效的輻射熱能，對(duì)舊路面加熱既要時(shí)間短、并達(dá)到一定的深度；又不能過(guò)熱，使瀝青老化，失去再生的意義。英達(dá)公司修路王加熱板采取間隙式加熱方式，既能幅射到路面深層，而路面表層瀝青又不過(guò)熱老化，就很好地解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。另外，根據(jù)修補(bǔ)面積的大小不等，加熱板最好有分區(qū)功能。 </p><p>　　稀漿封層與改性乳化瀝青稀漿封層攤鋪機(jī)：稀漿封層技術(shù)對(duì)于新

97、、舊路面的老化、裂縫、光滑、松散、坑槽等病害能起到預(yù)防和維修的作用，使路面的防水、抗滑、平整、耐磨性能迅速提高。近年來(lái)，由于稀漿封層施工的規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，施工質(zhì)量提高和成本的降低，稀漿封層已廣泛應(yīng)用于普通公路和高速公路的早期維修養(yǎng)護(hù)上。 </p><p>　　為改性乳化瀝青稀漿封層是一種由水質(zhì)高分子改性乳化瀝青與軋碎密集料、礦物填料、水和添加劑組成的表面處治層，特點(diǎn)是可以進(jìn)行薄層攤鋪，凝固快，施工后一小時(shí)內(nèi)就可開(kāi)

98、放交通，由于改性乳化瀝青稀漿比普通的稀漿封層固化時(shí)間快，所以改性乳化瀝青稀漿封層可以比傳統(tǒng)的稀漿封層厚。主要用于路面構(gòu)造修整、龜裂、車轍等病害的處治，也可用于密封和提高路面的抗滑處治。但改性乳化瀝青稀漿和其它薄層處治一樣，只適用現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的路段，彎沉值不夠時(shí)必須補(bǔ)強(qiáng)后再施工。了保證改性乳化瀝青稀漿封層后路面的平整度，必須在施工前對(duì)路面坑塘、裂縫進(jìn)行修整、清理。由于改性乳化瀝青稀漿材料粘度大、攤鋪層較厚，一般情況下，改性乳化瀝青比不改性