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1、<p>  摘要:本次設計的智能循跡小車是以單片機89c51為主控制器。運用反射式紅外傳感器來進行路徑檢測和速度監(jiān)測模塊。將檢測數(shù)據(jù)傳回單片機進行處理,同時,用單片機產生PWM波來控制小車的行進速度,并實時控制小車的行進狀態(tài)。另外,在小車上還擴展了LCD作為人機交互界面,以便于實時了解小車個監(jiān)測傳感器的狀態(tài)機小車的實時數(shù)據(jù),由于本次設計的是智能自動循跡小車,整個任務過程無需人工的任何干預,故而沒有進行鍵盤及遙控等的人工操作設備

2、。用多路傳感器的實時監(jiān)測和算法的緊密配合來保證小車的順暢完成任務。 </p><p>  關鍵字:80c51單片機,c/c++/匯編語言編程,電子智能小車,光電檢測器 </p><p><b>  引言</b></p><p>  智能車輛是一個運用計算機、傳感、信息、通信、導航、人工智能及自動控制等技術來實現(xiàn)環(huán)境感知、規(guī)劃決策和自動行駛為一體

3、的高新技術綜合體。它在軍事、民用和科學研究等方面已獲得了應用,對解決道路交通安全提供了一種新的途徑</p><p>  隨著汽車工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,關于汽車的研究也就越來越受人關注。全國電子大賽和省內電子大賽幾乎每次都有智能小車這方面的題目,全國各高校也都很重視該題目的研究,許多國家已經把電子設計比賽作為創(chuàng)新教育的戰(zhàn)略性手段。電子設計涉及到多個學科,機械電子、傳感器技術、自動控制技術、人工智能控制、計算機與通信技術等

4、等,是眾多領域的高科技。電子設計技術,它是一個國家高科技實例的一個重要標準,可見其研究意義很大</p><p>  本次設計雖然只是一個演示模型,但是具有充分的科學性和實用性。首先我們根據(jù)交通路面的復雜情況,按照適當?shù)谋壤谱鞒鲆粋€路況模型,包括彎道、直道以及路面上設置的障礙物等。在彎、直道上,小車沿著預定軌道自由行使,當小車遇到障礙物時,脈沖調制的紅外線傳感器將檢測到的信號發(fā)送給單片機,單片機根據(jù)程序發(fā)出相應的

5、控制信號控制小車自動避開障礙物,進行倒車、前進、左轉、右轉等動作</p><p><b>  主題部分</b></p><p>  智能車輛是集環(huán)境感知、規(guī)劃決策、多等級輔助駕駛等功能于一體的綜合系統(tǒng),是智能交通系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分。它在軍事、民用、太空開發(fā)等領域有著廣泛的應用前景。本次設計對智能小車的控制系統(tǒng)進行了研究,設計實現(xiàn)一個基于路徑規(guī)劃處理的智能小車控制系

6、統(tǒng)</p><p>  2.1 理論的提出</p><p>  科技的進步帶動了產品的智能化,單片機的應用更是加快了發(fā)展的步伐,它的應用范圍日益廣泛,已經遠遠的超出了計算機科學領域。小到玩具、信用卡,大到航天飛機、機器人,從實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集、遠程控制、模糊控制等智能系統(tǒng)帶人類的日常生活,到處離不開單片機,此設計正是單片機的一個典型的應用。此設計通過實現(xiàn)了小車的無人駕駛,通過對路面的檢測,由單

7、片機來判斷控制其小車的反應情況,使其變得智能化,實現(xiàn)自動的前進,轉彎,停止功能,此系統(tǒng)還不斷的完善后可以應用到道路檢測,安全巡邏中,能滿足社會的需求。</p><p>  在設計上,使用連個傳感器來檢測路面的情況,傳感器的心海比較微弱,采用一個放大器進行比較放大,并將其信號輸入到控制器,在受控制端使用步進電機,因為步進電機是用電脈沖進行控制的,只要從控制器輸出滿足步進電機功過的固定控制字即可。此外步進電機的運作還

8、要一個驅動電路,故電路中還要加入一個驅動電路,各個功能模塊對電源電流的要求不同,對電源部分設置轉換電路,從而滿足各個部分的需要。經過元件的比較選擇,設計出電路原理圖和電路板,并做好硬件的調試,系統(tǒng)往往是軟件和硬件兩者相結合的有機整體。軟件上,使用51單片機的定時器中斷來控制路面檢測間隔和小車的運動及速度。由于帶那路比較簡單,就采用較為傳統(tǒng)的匯編語言進行程序設計。對于程序設計的正確性,用較常用的keil c51仿真軟件進行仿真驗證,最后便

9、是軟硬件的綜合調試,證明本設計方案的正確性和可行性。</p><p>  2.2 電子智能小車的設計要求</p><p> ?、匐妱榆嚹軌蚰軌虬凑招惺孤肪€跑完全程; ②電動車能存儲并顯示檢測到的金屬片數(shù)目以及金屬片至起跑線的距離; ③要求電動車行使完全程后能夠準確的顯示電動車全程行使時間; ④電動車在行使過程中不能與障礙物碰撞。</p><p>&

10、lt;b>  2.3計算摘要:</b></p><p>  本次設計的智能循跡小車是以單片機89c51為主控制器。運用反射式紅外傳感器來進行路徑檢測和速度監(jiān)測模塊。將檢測數(shù)據(jù)傳回單片機進行處理,同時,用單片機產生PWM波來控制小車的行進速度,并實時控制小車的行進狀態(tài)。另外,在小車上還擴展了LCD作為人機交互界面,以便于實時了解小車個監(jiān)測傳感器的狀態(tài)機小車的實時數(shù)據(jù),由于本次設計的是智能自動循跡小

11、車,整個任務過程無需人工的任何干預,故而沒有進行鍵盤及遙控等的人工操作設備。用多路傳感器的實時監(jiān)測和算法的緊密配合來保證小車的順暢完成任務。 </p><p>  關鍵字:80c51單片機,c/c++/匯編語言編程,電子智能小車,光電檢測器 </p><p><b>  引言</b></p><p>  智能車輛是一個運用計算機、傳感、信息、通

12、信、導航、人工智能及自動控制等技術來實現(xiàn)環(huán)境感知、規(guī)劃決策和自動行駛為一體的高新技術綜合體。它在軍事、民用和科學研究等方面已獲得了應用,對解決道路交通安全提供了一種新的途徑</p><p>  隨著汽車工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,關于汽車的研究也就越來越受人關注。全國電子大賽和省內電子大賽幾乎每次都有智能小車這方面的題目,全國各高校也都很重視該題目的研究,許多國家已經把電子設計比賽作為創(chuàng)新教育的戰(zhàn)略性手段。電子設計涉及到多個

13、學科,機械電子、傳感器技術、自動控制技術、人工智能控制、計算機與通信技術等等,是眾多領域的高科技。電子設計技術,它是一個國家高科技實例的一個重要標準,可見其研究意義很大</p><p>  本次設計雖然只是一個演示模型,但是具有充分的科學性和實用性。首先我們根據(jù)交通路面的復雜情況,按照適當?shù)谋壤谱鞒鲆粋€路況模型,包括彎道、直道以及路面上設置的障礙物等。在彎、直道上,小車沿著預定軌道自由行使,當小車遇到障礙物時,

14、脈沖調制的紅外線傳感器將檢測到的信號發(fā)送給單片機,單片機根據(jù)程序發(fā)出相應的控制信號控制小車自動避開障礙物,進行倒車、前進、左轉、右轉等動作</p><p><b>  主題部分</b></p><p>  智能車輛是集環(huán)境感知、規(guī)劃決策、多等級輔助駕駛等功能于一體的綜合系統(tǒng),是智能交通系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分。它在軍事、民用、太空開發(fā)等領域有著廣泛的應用前景。本次設計對

15、智能小車的控制系統(tǒng)進行了研究,設計實現(xiàn)一個基于路徑規(guī)劃處理的智能小車控制系統(tǒng)</p><p>  4.1 理論的提出</p><p>  科技的進步帶動了產品的智能化,單片機的應用更是加快了發(fā)展的步伐,它的應用范圍日益廣泛,已經遠遠的超出了計算機科學領域。小到玩具、信用卡,大到航天飛機、機器人,從實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集、遠程控制、模糊控制等智能系統(tǒng)帶人類的日常生活,到處離不開單片機,此設計正是單片

16、機的一個典型的應用。此設計通過實現(xiàn)了小車的無人駕駛,通過對路面的檢測,由單片機來判斷控制其小車的反應情況,使其變得智能化,實現(xiàn)自動的前進,轉彎,停止功能,此系統(tǒng)還不斷的完善后可以應用到道路檢測,安全巡邏中,能滿足社會的需求。</p><p>  在設計上,使用連個傳感器來檢測路面的情況,傳感器的心海比較微弱,采用一個放大器進行比較放大,并將其信號輸入到控制器,在受控制端使用步進電機,因為步進電機是用電脈沖進行控制

17、的,只要從控制器輸出滿足步進電機功過的固定控制字即可。此外步進電機的運作還要一個驅動電路,故電路中還要加入一個驅動電路,各個功能模塊對電源電流的要求不同,對電源部分設置轉換電路,從而滿足各個部分的需要。經過元件的比較選擇,設計出電路原理圖和電路板,并做好硬件的調試,系統(tǒng)往往是軟件和硬件兩者相結合的有機整體。軟件上,使用51單片機的定時器中斷來控制路面檢測間隔和小車的運動及速度。由于帶那路比較簡單,就采用較為傳統(tǒng)的匯編語言進行程序設計。對

18、于程序設計的正確性,用較常用的keil c51仿真軟件進行仿真驗證,最后便是軟硬件的綜合調試,證明本設計方案的正確性和可行性。</p><p>  4.2 電子智能小車的設計要求</p><p> ?、匐妱榆嚹軌蚰軌虬凑招惺孤肪€跑完全程; ②電動車能存儲并顯示檢測到的金屬片數(shù)目以及金屬片至起跑線的距離; ③要求電動車行使完全程后能夠準確的顯示電動車全程行使時間; ④電動車

19、在行使過程中不能與障礙物碰撞。</p><p>  4.3計算機網絡教學網站的總體構思</p><p>  采用89c51單片機作為小車的控制單元,在小車的前端就八路從外傳感器,作為小車進入車庫過程中黑帶的檢測元件,在小車的后端在接上八路紅外線傳感器作為小車退出車庫時的黑帶檢測元件,采用LJ18A3-8-Z/BX電感式接近開關作為車庫內鐵片的檢測元件,單片機接受到傳感器檢測到的信號后通過相

20、應的程序控制小車的前進,后退,轉彎,從而使小車的性能指標滿足本次設計的要求。</p><p>  4.3.1 設計思路</p><p>  智能小車是智能車輛研究的一個分支。它以車輪作為移動機構、能夠實現(xiàn)自主 行駛,所以我們稱之為智能小車。智能小車具有機器人的基本特征——易于編程。 它與遙控小車的不同之處在于,后者需要操作員來控制其轉向、啟停和進退,比較 先進的遙控車還能控制其速度(常見

21、的模型小車都屬于這類遙控車);而智能小車 則可以通過計算機編程來實現(xiàn)其對小車啟停、行駛方向以及速度的控制,無需人工 干預。操作員可以通過修改智能小車的計算機程序或者某些數(shù)據(jù)來改變它的行駛方 式。這種可以通過編程來控制、改變小車行駛方式的特性是智能小車的最大特點。 智能小車控制系統(tǒng)的研究目的是使得小車行駛具有更高自主性。如果任意給定 小車一條無障路徑,通過該系統(tǒng),小車就可以得到系統(tǒng)對路徑圖形處理后的數(shù)據(jù)(位 移與轉角),并能根據(jù)位移和轉角

22、信息按照預定路徑行進</p><p>  4.3.2 控制系統(tǒng)結構分析</p><p>  根據(jù)上述設計思路,可將智能小車控制系統(tǒng)的結構分為兩層</p><p><b>  規(guī)劃層</b></p><p>  上位機控制系統(tǒng),規(guī)劃層提供的是小車行駛的全局信息,包括路徑處理模塊和 通信模塊。它要解決的基本問題有</

23、p><p>  使用什么工具處理小車的路徑圖形;</p><p>  建立小車的運動模型,計算出小車行駛所需的數(shù)據(jù);</p><p>  建立小車的運動模型,計算出小車行駛所需的數(shù)據(jù);</p><p><b>  行為層</b></p><p>  下位機控制系統(tǒng),行為層是智能小車控制系統(tǒng)的底層結構

24、,實現(xiàn)對小車行駛的 實時控制,它包括通信模塊、電機控制模塊和數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊。它要解決的基本問題 有:</p><p>  接收、處理上位機發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)信息;</p><p>  設計步進電機的控制系統(tǒng);</p><p>  采集小車的位移和轉角信息,定位小車姿態(tài),分析系統(tǒng)控制誤差;</p><p>  4.3.3 總設計方案</p>

25、<p>  由系統(tǒng)結構得到智能小車控制系統(tǒng)的命令流程:</p><p>  啟動AutoCAD,繪制或選擇一條封閉曲線為小車路徑,拾取小車的起始路徑圖元</p><p>  對選取的路徑圖形進行處理,使小車轉彎處存在的棱角在最小轉彎半徑范圍外以圓弧方式過渡</p><p>  生成新的路徑圖形,模擬小車的運動過程;</p><p>

26、;  計算出小車行駛所需要的位移和車輪轉角,并將此數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給下位機</p><p>  下位機接收數(shù)據(jù)后,通過軟件編程控制小車車輪的轉速和轉角,使其按照 預定路徑前進</p><p>  一個完整的控制系統(tǒng)要求系統(tǒng)的各功能模塊聯(lián)系緊密,根據(jù)上述命令流程和它們之間的關系,可得系統(tǒng)的總設計方案。</p><p>  4.4設計主要有以下幾個模塊組成</p>

27、<p>  信息采集模塊:信息采集部分是由光電檢測和運算放大模塊組成,光電檢測有尋跡檢測和測速檢測兩個部分。將檢測到的信號經過預算放大模塊lm324放大整形后送給單片機處理,其核心部分是幾個光電傳感器。</p><p>  控制處理模塊:控制處理模塊是一一片stc89c52單片機為核心,單片機將從采集到的信息進行判斷后,按照預定的算法處理,把處理的結果送交電機驅動和液晶顯示模塊,使之做出相應的動作。&

28、lt;/p><p>  執(zhí)行模塊:執(zhí)行模塊是由液晶顯示、電機驅動及電機、蜂鳴器三部分組成。液晶主要是將單片機處理的結果進行實時顯示,方便及時用戶了解系統(tǒng)當前的狀態(tài),電機驅動根據(jù)單片機的指令對兩個電機進行動作,使之能夠根據(jù)需要作出相應的加速、減速、轉彎、停車等的動作,以達到預期的目的。蜂鳴器主要是根據(jù)要求在特定的位置作出出響應來報告位置。</p><p><b>  五﹑ 參考文獻&

29、lt;/b></p><p>  [1]徐國華 主編,移動機器人的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其趨勢[J].機器人技術與應用,2001(3)</p><p>  [2]黨宏社 主編,智能車輛系統(tǒng)發(fā)展及其關鍵技術概述[J].公路交通科技,2002(4)</p><p>  [3]尹念東 主編,智能車輛的研究及前景[J].上海汽車,2002(2)</p><p&

30、gt;  [4]王榮本 主編,世界智能車輛研究概述[J].公路交通科技,2001(10</p><p>  [5]王建農 主編.自主移動機器人的導航研究[R].機器人,199</p><p>  [6]Dickmanns,E.D,A.Zapp.Auto high speed road vehicle guidance[J].computer,1987</p><p>

31、;  [7]姚 佳 主編,智能小車的蔽障及路徑規(guī)劃[D].東南大學碩士論文.2005</p><p>  [8]徐國華 主編,譚民移動機器人的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其趨勢[J].機器人技術與應用,2001(3)</p><p>  [9]白井良明[同],機器人工程[M].北京:科學出版社,2001</p><p>  [10]張毅剛 主編,新編MCS-51單片機應用設計,第一

32、版,哈爾濱工業(yè)大學出版社,2003</p><p>  [11]劉南平 主編,電子產品設計與制作技術,科學出版社,2008</p><p>  [12]楊 剛 主編,電子系統(tǒng)設計與實踐,電子工業(yè)出版社,2009.3</p><p>  [13]余祖俊 主編,微機監(jiān)測與控制應用系統(tǒng)設計, 北方交通大學出版社,2001.12</p><p> 

33、 [14]溫志明 主編,運動控制系統(tǒng)分析與應用,國防工業(yè)出版社,2008.2</p><p>  [15]催維娜 主編,智能電子制作,科學出版社,2007</p><p>  [16]李忠文 主編,實用電機控制電路,化學工業(yè)出版社,2003.4</p><p>  [17]張紅潤 主編,智能技術——系統(tǒng)設計與開發(fā),北京航空航天出版社,2007.2</p>

34、<p>  [18]陳鐵軍 主編,智能控制理論及應用,清華大學出版社,2009.1</p><p>  [19]劉少強 主編,傳感器設計與應用實例,中國電力出版社,2008</p><p>  [20]何立民 主編,單片機應用系統(tǒng)設計,北京:航天航空大學出版社</p><p>  [21]李廣弟 主編,單片機基礎,北京:北京航空航天大學出版社,2001

35、</p><p>  [22]何希才 主編,新型實用電子電路400例,電子工業(yè)出版社,2000</p><p>  [23]趙負圖 主編,傳感器集成電路手冊,第一版,化學工業(yè)出版社,2004</p><p>  [24]陳伯時 主編,電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng),第二版,北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2000年6月</p><p>  Abstract: t

36、he design of intelligent tracking the car based on single chip microcomputer 89 c51 controller. Use reflective infrared sensor to test path and speed monitoring module. Will detect data back to the single chip microcompu

37、ter for processing, at the same time, using single-chip microcomputer to produce PWM wave to control the speed of the car, and real-time control of the car's moving state. In addition, also expanded the LCD on the ca

38、r as the human-computer interaction interface, in ord</p><p>  Key words: 80 c51, c/c + +, assembly language programming, electronic smart car photoelectric detector</p><p>  The introduction<

39、;/p><p>  Intelligent vehicle is a use of computer, sensor, information, communication, navigation, artificial intelligence and automatic control technology to realize the environment awareness, planning decisi

40、on and automatic drive of high and new technology. It in aspects such as military, civil and scientific research has received application, to solve the traffic safety provides a new way</p><p>  With the rap

41、id development of automobile industry, the research about the car is becoming more and more attention by people. Contest of national competition and the province of electronic intelligent car almost every time this aspec

42、t of the topic, the national various universities are also attaches great importance to research on the topic, many countries have put the electronic design competition as a strategic means of innovative education. Elect

43、ronic design involving multiple disciplines, mac</p><p>  The design though just a demo model, but is full of scientific and practical. First we according to the complex situation of road traffic, in accorda

44、nce with the appropriate author to make a road model, including bend, straight and pavement set obstacles, etc. On curved and straight, the car along the orbit free exercise, when the small car meet obstacles, pulse modu

45、lation infrared sensors to detect the signal sent to the microcontroller, a corresponding control signal according to the program M</p><p>  Subject parts</p><p>  Intelligent vehicle is a conce

46、ntration of environment awareness, planning decision, multi-scale auxiliary driving, and other functions in an integrated system, is an important part of intelligent transportation system. In military, civilian, space ex

47、ploration and other fields has a broad application prospect. The design of smart car control system are studied, based on path planning is a process of the intelligent car control system</p><p>  2.1 theory

48、is put forward</p><p>  The progress of science and technology of intelligent led products, but also accelerated the pace of development, MCU application scope of its application is increasingly wide, has go

49、ne far beyond the field of computer science. Small to toys, credit CARDS, big to the space shuttle, robots, from data acquisition, remote control and fuzzy control, intelligent systems with the human daily life, everywhe

50、re is dependent on the single chip microcomputer, this design is a typical application of single </p><p>  In design, the use of the sensors to detect road surface condition, sensor central sea are faint and

51、 adopts a comparing amplifier amplification, and the signal input to the controller, the controlled end using stepper motor, because of the step motor is controlled electrical pulse, as long as the output from the contro

52、ller to satisfy stepper motor merits of fixed control word. In operation of stepping motor and a driving circuit, it also to join a drive circuit in the circuit, each function modu</p><p>  2.2 electronic in

53、telligent car design requirements</p><p>  (1) electric vehicles can be able to according to the course to run all the way; (2) electric vehicles can store and display the number of detected metal and sheet

54、metal to the starting line in the distance; (3) are accurately electric cars after exercising all the way to the display of the electric vehicle the entire exercise time; (4) electric cars can't collisions with obsta

55、cles in the process of exercise.</p><p>  2.3 the general conception of computer network teaching website</p><p>  Using 89 c51 as the car's control unit, sensor eight-way from outside, in t

56、he front of the car, as a black belt in the process of the car into the garage detecting element, at the rear end of the car when connected to eight-channel infrared sensors as the car pulled out of the garage of a black

57、 belt in detecting element, the LJ18A3-8 - Z/BX inductive proximity switch as garage iron detecting element, the microcontroller after receiving sensor detects the signal through the corresponding procedur</p><

58、;p>  2.3.1 design ideas</p><p>  Intelligent car is a branch of intelligent vehicle research. It with wheels as mobile mechanism, to realize autonomous driving, so we call it the smart car. Smart car has

59、the basic features of robot, easy to programming. It with remote control car the difference is that the latter requires the operator to control the steering, rev. Stop, and in a more advanced car remote control can contr

60、ol the speed (common model of the car belongs to this type of remote control car); While the smart car can be</p><p>  2.3.2 control system structure analysis</p><p>  According to the above des

61、ign idea, the structure of the intelligent car control system can be divided into two layers</p><p>  The planning layer</p><p>  PC control system, the planning layer provides global informatio

62、n was driving the car, including path processing module and communication module. To solve the basic problem with it</p><p>  Use what tools to deal with the car path graph;</p><p>  Car movemen

63、t model is established to calculate the data required for car driving;</p><p>  Car movement model is established to calculate the data required for car driving;</p><p>  Behavior layer</p>

64、;<p>  Lower machine control system, the behavior is the underlying structure of the intelligent car control system, realize the real-time control of the car driving, it includes communication module, motor contro

65、l module and data acquisition module. It is to solve the basic problems are:</p><p>  Receiving, processing, PC sends data information;</p><p>  Design of stepping motor control system;</p>

66、;<p>  Car displacement and Angle of the information collected, positioning, analysis of error control system;</p><p>  2.3.3 the total design scheme</p><p>  By the system structure has

67、the smart car control system of the process:</p><p>  Start AutoCAD drawing, or choose a closed curve as the car path, pick up the car starting $path graph</p><p>  To choose the path of the gra

68、phics processing, make the car turning of edges on the minimum turning radius in circular arc transition</p><p>  Generate a new path graphics, simulation of car movement process;</p><p>  Calcu

69、late the displacement and driving car need wheel Angle, and then sends the data to the machine</p><p>  Under the machine after receiving data, through software programming to control the car wheel rotation

70、speed and Angle, so that it is in accordance with the scheduled path forward</p><p>  A complete control system requirements of the system is closely linked to each function module, according to the order pr

71、ocess and the relationship between them, the total design scheme of the system is available.</p><p>  2.4 design of basically has the following several modules</p><p>  Information collection mo

72、dules: information collection part is composed of photoelectric detection and operation amplifier module, photoelectric detection were tracing test and speed test of two parts. Will detect the signal after budget amplifi

73、er lm324 amplification module plastic for SCM processing, its core part is several photoelectric sensor.</p><p>  Control processing module, processing module is a stc89c52 MCU as the core, the microcontroll

74、er will be collected from the information after the judgement, in accordance with the predetermined algorithm processing, the processing results to the motor driver and liquid crystal display module, makes the correspond

75、ing action.</p><p>  Perform modules: module consists of liquid crystal display (LCD), motor drive and motor, buzzer of three parts. Are handled will microcontroller LCD real-time display of the result, conv

76、enient for users to understand the current state of the system in time, motor driver based on single chip microcomputer instruction for the two motor movements, can according to need to make the corresponding action such

77、 as acceleration, deceleration, turning and parking, in order to achieve the desired purpose. </p><p>  references</p><p>  [1] naijing editor, development status and trend of mobile robot [J].

78、Robot technique and application, 2001 (3)</p><p>  [2] party macro editor, intelligent vehicle system summary of development and its key technology [J]. Highway traffic science and technology, 2002 (4)</p

79、><p>  [3] editor, fhwa research and prospects of intelligent vehicle [J]. Journal of Shanghai auto, 2002 (2)</p><p>  [4] Wang Rongben editor, summary of intelligent vehicle research in the world

80、[J]. Highway traffic science and technology, 2001 (10</p><p>  [5] Wang Jiannong editor. Autonomous navigation of mobile robot research [R]. Robot, 199</p><p>  [6] Dickmanns, E.D A.Z app. Auto

81、high speed road vehicle guidance [J]. Computer, 1987</p><p>  [7] yao preferred editor, intelligent car escapes and path planning [D]. Master thesis of southeast university. 2005</p><p>  [8] na

82、ijing editor, c.langton development status and trend of mobile robot [J]. Robot technique and application, 2001 (3)</p><p>  Ming [with], [9] Bai Jingliang robot engineering [M]. Beijing: science press, 2001

83、</p><p>  [10] yigang zhang editor, new MCS - 51 SCM application design, the first edition, Harbin industrial university press, 2003</p><p>  [11] LiuNaPing editor, electronic product design and

84、 production technology, science press, 2008</p><p>  [12] Yang just editor, electronic system design and practice of electronic industry press, 2009.3</p><p>  [13] Yu Zujun editor, microcompute

85、r monitoring and control system design, northern jiaotong university press, 2001.12</p><p>  [14] WenZhiMing editor, movement control system analysis and application of national defense industry press, 2008.

86、2</p><p>  Reminder weina editor [15], and intelligent electronic production, science press, 2007</p><p>  [16] Li Zhongwen editor, practical motor control circuit, chemical industry press, 2003

87、.4</p><p>  [17] Zhang Gongrun editor, intelligent technology, system design and development, Beijing aeronautics and astronautics press, 2007.2</p><p>  [18] Chen Tiejun editor, intelligent con

88、trol theory and applications, tsinghua university press, 2009.1</p><p>  [19] LiuShaoJiang editor, sensor design and application instance, China electric power press, 2008</p><p>  [20] He Limin

89、 editor, single chip microcomputer application system is designed, Beijing aerospace university press</p><p>  [21] Li Guangdi editor, microcontroller based, Beijing: Beijing university of aeronautics and as

90、tronautics press, 2001</p><p>  [22] He Xicai editor, a new practical electronic circuit 400 cases, the electronic industrial press, 2000</p><p>  [23] zhao negative diagram editor, sensor IC ma

91、nual, the first edition, chemical industry press, 2004</p><p>  [24] Chen Boshi editor, electric drive automatic control system, the second edition, Beijing: mechanical industry press, June 2000</p>&

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