外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--淺談錨桿技術(shù)在邊坡工程中的應(yīng)用

1、<p>　　Discussion about the application of the anchor bar on the slope construction</p><p>　　Fu Ming Fu , Zhang Tian</p><p>　　Abstract: There are some advantages in strengthening slope with

2、the anchor bar, such as low project cost, convenient for construction and so on. It not only meets the requirement of the reliability of the construction, but also is economic and reasonable for the construction.</p&g

3、t;<p>　　Key words: anchor bar; slope; strengthening</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Anchor technique uses strata geotechnical’s shear strength around bolt to deliver structures pulling fo

4、rce or keep strata of the excavation own stability. Due to the use of the anchor rod, Anchor strata produce compressive zone and have reinforcement effect to strata, can enhance the strength of strata, improve mechanical

5、 properties of strata, make structure and stratum together formed a kind of work together complex. Anchor system can effectively sustain tension and shear, improve shear strengt</p><p>　　Fig 1 after excavat

6、ion of the slope</p><p>　　Project profile</p><p>　　The length of a slope is about 60m, the most slope height is about 23m,the angle up to 50°~ 75°, a five-layer frame structure buildin

7、gs is far from about 1.5 to 4m at its base edge, its foundation is artificial bored pile and its bearing stratum is in weathered phyllite. Due to the strong weathering of rocks, it was chunky, loosely structured, multi-m

8、uddy filling. It has residual slope deposits of silty clay overlying and local folder with a pulpy, low strength. Slope had collapsed at various lo</p><p>　　Bolt retaining and protecting design</p>&l

9、t;p>　　Bolt design</p><p>　?。?）all formation of anchor use whole length bond-type, the binder materials are ordinary cement mortar, the mortar strength grade is M30, the anchor length L is 10 meters, the s

10、lope height h is 9 meters. Anchoring section length is 5m.</p><p>　?。?）According to the construction condition and the needs of the process, the layout form of anchor use quincunx, and in order to make the a

11、nchoring force in the role of surface rock surface with uniform, the two adjacent line bolts should be staggered arrangement.</p><p>　　（3）The anchor’s number according to h/3.24 per meter to calculation, the

12、 anchor length is L, a tolal of 252. The diameter of drilling holes is 90,the number of drill according to (L-0.1)m per hole to calculation, M30 grout number according to average 0.052m3 per hole to calculation.</p>

13、;<p>　　（4）The two adjacent rows vertical spacing of anchor take 2.55m, horizontal spacing take 2.55m. The dip angle of anchor: with the angle of horizontal line is 20°, and drilling down with this Angle.</

14、p><p>　　（5）Anchor use the steel bar, which is HRB400 level, 28mm diameter.</p><p>　　Anchor calculation</p><p>　?。?）The calculation of lateral geotechnical pressure[1][2]</p><

15、;p>　　When the supporting structure to leave in rock and earth mass direction migration until to the limit equilibrium state, the geotechnical pressure which is role in supporting structure called active geotechnical p

16、ressure. Its calculation method is as follows:</p><p>　　For the slope which has no flare structure surface, generally speaking, failure is controled by rock mass strength, the calculation formula is same to

17、the active soil pressure, but cohesive force C take zero, internal friction angle use (rock mass equivalent internal friction angle) instead of, according to the standard to selection; rupture angle is 45°+/2（is ro

18、ck mass internal friction angle, is estimationed by haircut at the standard of rock mass internal friction angle, reduction factor acc</p><p>　　According to the engineering survey, active rock pressure can c

19、alculation as follows:</p><p>　　（2）the calculation of anchor tension design value </p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　In the formu

20、la: is anchor tension design value; is anchor tension standard value; is partial load factor, take 1.3; is the horizontal tension standard value of anchor; is the dip angle of anchor.</p><p>　　Through the c

21、alculation, =112.3kN =145.99kN</p><p>　?。?）the calculation of anchor steel section area </p><p><b>　　(3)</b></p><p>　　In the formula: is the steel section area of anch

22、or; is slope engineering importance coefficient(the slope engineering importance coefficient of this project is level 1, take 1.1); is the tensile working conditions coefficient of anchor bar ( permanent anchor take 0.6

23、9, temporary anchor take 0.92); is the tensile strength design value of anchor bar(standard value=400, design value=360).</p><p>　　According to the calculation, 0.588,choose level 3 steel of 128mm, =0.615.&l

24、t;/p><p>　?。?）The calculation of anchorage body and rock mass anchoring length</p><p>　　anchoring length should not only meet the requirements which the bond force of formation on mortar and the bo

25、nd stress of mortar on steel, but also meet the requirements that the Structure design codes the Minimum anchoring length. </p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　In the formula: is the anchor

26、ing length; D is the diameter of anchorage body; is the bond strength eigenvalue of layer and anchorage body, through the experiment or local experience sure, or according to the standard to selection ( this engineering’

27、s rock mass uniaxial compressive strength is 7.46, belong to soft rock, rock mass structural plane development, take 300);is the bond working conditions coefficient of anchorage body and layer (permanent anchor take 1.00

28、).</p><p>　　According to the calculation, 4.3m, take=5.0m.</p><p>　　（5）The anchoring length between anchor steel and anchor mortar </p><p><b>　　(5)</b></p><p&

29、gt;　　In the formula: is the anchoring length between steel and mortar; d is the diameter of anchor bar; n is the number of steel; is the bond strength design value between steel and anchor mortar, through the experimen

30、t sure, or according to the standard take 2.40; is the working conditions coefficient of steel and mortar bond strength(permanent anchor take 0.60）. </p><p>　　According to the calculation, 2.1m，take =5.0m.&

31、lt;/p><p>　　The construction technology and key points of anchor</p><p>　　The anchor’s construction technology is as follows: build-up scaffold——excavate and clear up the slope surface——measures to

32、 fix position——drill hole——washing hole——bolt put in a certain place——grout——colligation the end of the anchor——flushing the slope surface——pouring frame space——Spray seed</p><p>　?。?）This slope belong to ro

33、cky slope, after excavate the slope 10 cm to the underside of the frame space, set bolt and pouring frame space, then spray grass or seeds after borrowed soil 20 cm in the frame space.</p><p>　　（2）the slope

34、should be payed attention to clean up, when construction. The anchor should be placed after wash hole, then put pressure (0.4MPa) and grout. After the mortar fully solidification, colligation steel, cast-in-place reinfor

35、ced concrete frame space, bend the end of the anchor and bind point by point with the skeleton steel.</p><p>　?。?）Before drilling, the hole should be measured to fix position and then do mark. Pitch deviatio

36、n is less than 150mm, hole depth error is less than 50mm. Try not remold the surrounding rock, when drill. Before Put the anchor, it should be attentioned that blow wash clean the water of the hole and rock powder and so

37、 on, and rust removal the body of rod. When grouting, builders should attention the grouting pressure and mortar ratio. </p><p>　　Fig 2 anchor field construction drawing</p><p>　　Conclusion<

38、/p><p>　　It is economical to reinforcement slope with bolt, and use the normal equipment, It is not only achieve safe and also economy and rational.</p><p>　　(1) Today bolt technology is widely use

39、d in the project. It is an effective reinforcement measures to constraints sliding soil with the combining of bolt and concrete slope protection.</p><p>　　(2) We must be sure to do geological exploration wor

40、k of the slope to find out the nature of the rock and hydrogeological situation before reinforcing slope by grouting bolt. </p><p>　　(3) Due to the factors of engineering geological conditions, grouting pres

41、sure and construction technology, we should be given adequate attention to the quality of construction. </p><p><b>　　Reference</b></p><p>　　[1]Technical code for building slope engin

42、eering (JGJ 120-99). The People's Republic national standards. Beijing: China Architecture & Building PRESS.</p><p>　　[2] Ying-Ren Zheng, Zu-Yu Chen etc. Engineering Treatment of Slope & Landslid

43、e [M]. Beijing：China Communications Press，2007</p><p>　　[3] LuoZhenHai. Talk shallowly the application of the anchor at the slope reinforcement[J]. Fujian Construction Science & Technology，2010,06:15-16&

44、lt;/p><p>　　淺談錨桿技術(shù)在邊坡工程中的應(yīng)用</p><p><b>　　1.引言</b></p><p>　　錨桿技術(shù)是利用錨桿周?chē)貙訋r土的抗剪強(qiáng)度來(lái)傳遞結(jié)構(gòu)物的拉力或保持地層開(kāi)挖面的自身穩(wěn)定。由于錨桿的使用,使錨固地層產(chǎn)生壓應(yīng)力區(qū)并對(duì)地層起到加筋作用,來(lái)增強(qiáng)地層的強(qiáng)度,改善地層的力學(xué)性能,使結(jié)構(gòu)與地層一起形成一種共同工作的復(fù)合體。錨

45、桿體系其能有效地承受拉力和剪力,能提高潛在滑移面上的抗剪強(qiáng)度,有效地阻止坡體產(chǎn)生滑動(dòng)破壞。</p><p><b>　　2.工程概況</b></p><p>　　某邊坡長(zhǎng)約60m,最大坡高約23m,坡度達(dá)50°~75°,為巖質(zhì)邊坡。距坡底邊緣約1.5~4m處有1棟5層框架結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物, 人工挖孔灌注樁基礎(chǔ),建筑物以中風(fēng)化千枚巖為持力層。因巖石風(fēng)化強(qiáng)烈

46、，呈碎塊狀，結(jié)構(gòu)松散，多為泥質(zhì)充填。上覆殘坡積粉質(zhì)粘土，局部夾有泥狀，強(qiáng)度較低。邊坡坡體多處位置曾發(fā)生崩塌，對(duì)建筑物存在威脅，所以需對(duì)邊坡進(jìn)行加固，采用的是塊石混凝土擋墻+錨桿進(jìn)行支護(hù)。</p><p><b>　　3.錨桿支護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　3.1 錨桿的設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　（1）

47、采用全長(zhǎng)黏結(jié)式錨桿，黏結(jié)材料為普通水泥砂漿，砂漿強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為M30，錨桿長(zhǎng)度L為10米，防護(hù)邊坡高度h為9米。錨桿錨固段長(zhǎng)度為5m。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿的布置形式根據(jù)施工條件及工藝的需求采用梅花行布置，且為了使錨桿的錨固力均勻作用于巖體表面，應(yīng)采用相鄰兩行的錨桿錯(cuò)開(kāi)布置。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿數(shù)量按每延米h/3.24根計(jì)，錨桿長(zhǎng)度為L(zhǎng)，共計(jì)252根。鉆孔直徑為90，鉆孔

48、數(shù)按(L-0.1)m/孔計(jì)， M30注漿數(shù)量平均按0.052m3/孔計(jì)。</p><p>　　（4）錨桿的上、下排垂直間距取2.55m，水平間距2.55m。錨桿傾角：與水平線(xiàn)成20°角度向下成孔。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿桿體選用直徑為28mm的HRB400級(jí)鋼筋。</p><p><b>　　3.2 錨桿計(jì)算</b></

49、p><p>　?。?）側(cè)向巖土壓力的計(jì)算[1][2]</p><p>　　當(dāng)支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)向離開(kāi)巖土體方向偏移至巖土體達(dá)到極限平衡狀態(tài)時(shí)，作用在支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)上的巖土壓力稱(chēng)為主動(dòng)巖土壓力。其計(jì)算方法如下：</p><p>　　對(duì)于無(wú)外傾結(jié)構(gòu)面的邊坡，一般發(fā)生由巖體強(qiáng)度控制的破壞，計(jì)算公式按主動(dòng)土壓力計(jì)算，但粘聚力C取零，內(nèi)摩擦角用（巖體等效內(nèi)摩擦角）代替，按表取值；破裂角按45&#

50、176;+/2（為巖體內(nèi)摩擦角，由巖塊內(nèi)摩擦角標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值折減確定，折減系數(shù)按表取值）確定。</p><p>　　根據(jù)地勘報(bào)告可知，邊坡巖體類(lèi)型為Ⅳ類(lèi)，取等效內(nèi)摩擦角為40，計(jì)算可得主動(dòng)巖石壓力</p><p><b>　　（3-1）</b></p><p>　　其中：為20kN/；H為9m；= =0.217</p><p>

51、　　通過(guò)計(jì)算可得=175.77 kN/m。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿軸向拉力設(shè)計(jì)值的計(jì)算</p><p><b>　　（3-2）</b></p><p><b>　　（3-3）</b></p><p>　　其中：為錨桿軸向拉力設(shè)計(jì)值；為錨桿軸向拉力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值；為荷載分項(xiàng)系數(shù)，取1.3；為錨桿所受水

52、平拉力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值；為錨桿傾角。</p><p>　　通過(guò)計(jì)算可得=112.3kN =145.99kN</p><p>　?。?）錨桿鋼筋截面面積的計(jì)算</p><p><b>　?。?-4）</b></p><p>　　其中：為錨桿鋼筋截面面積；為邊坡工程重要性系數(shù)（本工程邊坡工程安全等級(jí)為一級(jí)，取1.1）；為錨筋抗拉工作條

53、件系數(shù)（永久性錨桿取0.69，臨時(shí)性錨桿取0.92）；為錨筋抗拉強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值=400，設(shè)計(jì)值=360）。</p><p>　　根據(jù)計(jì)算可得0.588 ，選用128mm的三級(jí)鋼，=0.615。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿錨固體與巖土體錨固長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算</p><p>　　錨桿錨固段長(zhǎng)度除應(yīng)同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足地層對(duì)砂漿的粘結(jié)力和砂漿對(duì)鋼筋的握裹力要求外，還應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)

54、定的最少錨桿錨固長(zhǎng)度的要求。</p><p><b>　?。?-5）</b></p><p>　　式中: 為錨固段長(zhǎng)度；D為錨固體直徑；為地層與錨固體粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度特征值，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)或當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)驗(yàn)確定，也可按表選?。ū竟こ處r體單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度為7.46，屬軟巖，巖體結(jié)構(gòu)面發(fā)育，取為300）；為錨固體與地層粘結(jié)工作條件系數(shù)（永久性錨桿取1.00）。</p><p&g

55、t;　　通過(guò)計(jì)算可得4.3m，實(shí)際取=5.0m。</p><p>　?。?）錨桿鋼筋與錨固砂漿間錨固長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算</p><p><b>　?。?-6）</b></p><p>　　式中: 為錨筋與砂漿間的錨固長(zhǎng)度；d為錨筋直徑；n為鋼筋根數(shù)；為鋼筋與錨固砂漿間的粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值，由試驗(yàn)確定，也可按表取為2.40；為鋼筋與砂漿粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度工作條件系數(shù)（

56、永久性錨桿取0.60）。</p><p>　　由公式計(jì)算可知2.1m，實(shí)際取=5.0m。</p><p>　　3.3 錨桿施工工藝與要點(diǎn)</p><p>　　錨桿施工的工藝流程為：搭設(shè)腳手架——坡面開(kāi)挖整修——測(cè)量定位——鉆孔——清孔——錨桿安放——注漿——錨桿端部綁扎——沖洗坡面——澆框格——噴草籽</p><p>　?。?）本邊坡為石質(zhì)邊

57、坡，坡面開(kāi)挖10cm至框格底面后設(shè)錨桿、澆框格，再在框格內(nèi)客土20cm后噴播草、灌籽。</p><p>　?。?）施工時(shí)應(yīng)注重邊坡清理，錨桿孔清孔后方可放置錨桿并加壓(0.4MPa)注漿，在孔內(nèi)砂漿充分凝固后扎筋，現(xiàn)澆鋼筋砼框格，錨桿端部彎折并與縱橫骨架筋間逐點(diǎn)綁扎。</p><p>　?。?）鉆孔前需測(cè)量定位，做好標(biāo)記，孔距偏差小于150mm，孔深誤差小于50mm。鉆孔時(shí)盡量不擾動(dòng)周?chē)鷰r

58、層，安放錨桿前注意將孔內(nèi)積水和巖粉等吹洗干凈且桿體應(yīng)除銹。注漿時(shí)注意注漿壓力及砂漿配比。</p><p>　　圖3.7錨桿現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工圖</p><p><b>　　4.結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　邊坡工程采用錨桿進(jìn)行邊坡加固,工程造價(jià)較低,對(duì)施工器械要求不高,在達(dá)到安全可靠的同時(shí)兼顧了工程施工的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和合理性。</p><

59、;p>　　(1)當(dāng)今錨桿技術(shù)在工程中被廣泛應(yīng)用。將錨桿和混凝土護(hù)坡相結(jié)合,約束滑動(dòng)土體。是一種有效的加固措施。</p><p>　　(2)在利用灌漿錨桿加固邊坡前,一定要做好邊坡的地質(zhì)勘探工作。摸清各巖層的性質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)情況。</p><p>　　(3)由于工程地質(zhì)條件、灌漿壓力、施工技術(shù)等因素影響,加固施工質(zhì)量應(yīng)給與足夠的重視。</p><p><b&

60、gt;　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]建筑邊坡工程技術(shù)規(guī)范(JGJ 120-99).中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn).北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社.</p><p>　　[2]鄭穎人、陳祖煜等. 邊坡與滑坡工程治理 [M].北京：人民交通出版社，2007</p><p>　　[3]羅貞海. 淺談錨桿在邊坡加固中的應(yīng)用[J]. 福建建設(shè)科技，2010,0