外文翻譯---基于web服務(wù)的無線食品點(diǎn)菜系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Wireless Food Ordering System Based on Web Service</p><p>　　Abstract—Current wireless communications enable people to easily exchange information, whil

2、e web services provide loosely-coupled and platform-independent ways of linking applications across the Internet or Intranet. This paper presents an integration of wireless communication technologies and web services tec

3、hnologies to realize a wireless food ordering system. In this system, it implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through both desktop PCs and mo</p><p>　　Keywords

4、 Web Services; Wireless; Food Ordering System; security</p><p>　　I. I NTRODUCTION</p><p>　　The rapid developments in information technology, particularly in wireless communication and web servi

5、ces technologies, are greatly changing the way people access and work with information. The convenience and powerful functionality offered by mobile devices such as PDAs, has encouraged many people to investigate the ben

6、efits of using them. Wireless and handheld devices abound as vendors pitch the common themes of one-to-one computing, instant communication and anytime, anywhere information acce</p><p>　　By integrating thes

7、e technologies, consistent business models can be implemented on a broad array of devices: not just on mobile devices operating over mobile networks, but also on servers and PCs connected to the Internet. </p><

8、;p>　　The food ordering process in restaurants requires the coordination of simple tasks. Instruction flows mainly from customers to waiters then to kitchen and/or the bar staff, finally to the cashier . In a medium to

9、 large and busy restaurant this coordination is a challenge and requires an efficient ordering system. Errors in ordering processes lead to incorrect or out of sequence meal preparation or non-consumable and results in a

10、dded cost to the business.</p><p>　　This paper presents an integration of wireless communication technologies and web services technologies to realize a wireless food ordering system. In this system, it <

11、/p><p>　　implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through both desktop PCs and mobile devices such as PDAs over a wired/wireless integrated local area network. The sy

12、stem is based on secure web service architecture and some security strategies to ensure mobile communication security are adopted. Web services-based wireless applications on mobile devices provide a means of convenience

13、, improving efficiency and accuracy. </p><p>　　II. W IRELESS LAN AND W EB SERVICES</p><p>　　A. Wireless LAN </p><p>　　A wireless LAN (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network) is a flex

14、ible data communication system implemented as an extension to or as an alternative for, a wired LAN within a building or campus . Using electromagnetic waves, WLANs transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the

15、need for wired connections. Thus, WLANs combine data connectivity with user mobility, and, through simplified configuration, enable movable LANs. </p><p>　　The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specifies the te

16、chnologies for wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privac

17、y algorithm. The 802.11a, b, and g standards are the most common for home wireless access points and large business wireless systems.</p><p>　　A remote user can use WLAN to access the Internet through public

18、 access points (“hotspots”) provided by service providers. When in the office, they may access WLAN through wireless access points. In enterprise environments, WLANs are usually complemented by security mechanisms, such

19、as VPN (Virtual Private Network). </p><p>　　Over the last several years, WLANs have gained strong popularity in some markets, including the health-care, retail, manufacturing, and academic areas. These indus

20、tries have profited from the productivity gains of using hand-held terminals and notebook computers to transmit real-time information to centralized hosts for processing. Today WLANs are becoming more widely recognized a

21、s a general-purpose connectivity alternative for a broad range of business customers. </p><p>　　B. Web Services </p><p>　　Quickly becoming a significant technology in the evolution of the Intern

22、et is web services, a set of standards that can interconnect systems over a verity of networks. It is an open XML-based technology providing a generic data exchange format and has been rapidly adopted by many vendors. We

23、b services can easily be built upon existing applications, no matter what the underlying technology is. Because they are expected to have a growing familiarity and acceptance among many users and offer great </p>

24、<p>　　Web services are a new generation of web application. It combines the advantages of the component-oriented methods and web techniques, and they can describe its own service. It can also publish, locate and tra

25、nsfer modularized application in web. The provided functions of web services may be simple, but it also contains extraordinary complicated business logic. Web services represent a kind of implementation of SOA (Service-O

26、riented Architecture), and they are the most popular one. In addition, </p><p>　　III. DESIGN AND I MPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM</p><p>　　A. System Architecture </p><p>　　In the syst

27、em, we adopt four-tiered web-based client-server architecture. Figure 1 shows the overview of the system architecture. The system is conceptually composed of six main components: the web server, database server, cash reg

28、ister, mobile context server, mobile user and desktop user. The web server provided relevant information for mobile devices or desktop PCs on a wired/wireless integrated local area network using WSDL (Web Service Descrip

29、tion Language) to describe functions and protocol</p><p>　　Desktop users can ask for services after checking the WSDL of the service from the web server. A desktop on a wired network can be used to browse fu

30、ll contents on one screen shot. When a user requests food information through a wired network, the web server serves the information by connecting to the database server. When a user requests food information through a w

31、ireless network, the mobile context server divides the context pages according to the screen size of the mobile device. It also filt</p><p>　　Figure 1 The System Architecture</p><p>　　B. Web Ser

32、vice Security Model </p><p>　　Web service security can be applied at three levels : </p><p>　　Platform/transport-level (point-to-point) security; </p><p>　　Application-level (custom

33、er) security; </p><p>　　Message-level (end-to-end) security. </p><p>　　Each approach has different strengths and weaknesses. The choice of the approach is largely dependent on the characteristi

34、cs of the architecture and platforms involved in the message exchange. This system focuses on platform- and application-level security, so the two security levels are described. </p><p>　　1.Platform/transpor

35、t-level (point-to-point) security </p><p>　　The transport channel between two endpoints (web service client and web service) can be used to provide point-to-point security as illustrated in Figure 2. </p&

36、gt;<p>　　Figure 2 Platform/transport-level security</p><p>　　In the platform-level model, the client sends an XML format request to the web server. The XML message is not encrypted by the client. When

37、 the message is transported in the transport channel, the network encrypts the entire data stream to make sure that the transport is secure. This system uses a tightly coupled Microsoft Windows operating system environm

38、ent. The Internet Information Server (IIS) provides basic, integrated and certificate authentication. The ASP.NET web service inherits some o</p><p>　　2 .Application-level security</p><p>　　With

39、 application-level security, the application controls security with custom security features (Figure 3). </p><p>　　Figure 3 Application-level security</p><p>　　In the application-level security

40、model, for example, an application can use a custom SOAP header to pass user credentials to authenticate the user with each web service request. A common approach is to pass a ticket (or user name or license) in the SOAP

41、 header. The application has the flexibility to generate its own principal object that contains roles. The application can optionally encrypt what it needs to, although this requires secure key storage and developers mus

42、t have knowledge of the re</p><p>　　C. The Implementation of the System </p><p>　　The whole system was built using the Microsoft .NET framework and .NET compact framework. Server application was

43、 implemented by Microsoft ASP.NET based on C#, the database was served by Microsoft SQL server 2000. The context server connected to the web server acted as IIS as the web server. The function modules of this system main

44、ly consist of 5 parts: system management, food management, client management, food ordering management and finance management, as shown in Figure 4.</p><p>　　Figure 4 function modules of the system</p>

45、<p>　　The system management module is responsible for the initial setting of the system, administrator setting, wireless network setting, logs management etc. The food menu management includes setting name, prides

46、, types, state of food, and so on. The client management supervises information of clients, which include the VIP information. The food ordering management is responsible for supervising the food ordering information fro

47、m wire users and wireless users. The finance management administrates cas</p><p>　　IV. CONCLUSIONS</p><p>　　The mobile devices have been widely used to provide easily access to the web content.

48、We presented a wireless food ordering system based on web services over a wired/wireless integrated local area network, which implements wired and wireless data access to the servers and food ordering functions through b

49、oth desktop PCs and mobile devices such as PDAs. The system is based on secure web service architecture and can increase efficiency for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors and by p</p><p><b

50、>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　基于Web服務(wù)的無線食品點(diǎn)菜系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘要：當(dāng)前的無線通信，使人們輕松地交換信息，而Web服務(wù)提供了松耦合和平臺(tái)無關(guān)的方式連接整個(gè)Internet或Intranet的應(yīng)用程序。本文提出的無線通信技術(shù)和Web服務(wù)技術(shù)的集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)無線點(diǎn)餐系統(tǒng)。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了有線和無線數(shù)據(jù)訪問訂購?fù)ㄟ^臺(tái)式電腦和移動(dòng)設(shè)備，如超過有線

51、/無線綜合局域網(wǎng)的掌上電腦功能的服務(wù)器和食品。為了確保安全系統(tǒng)，安全的Web服務(wù)架構(gòu)和一些安全策略，以確保移動(dòng)通信安全進(jìn)行了討論?；赪eb服務(wù)的移動(dòng)設(shè)備上的無線應(yīng)用提供了一個(gè)方便的手段，改善食肆的效率和準(zhǔn)確性，節(jié)省了時(shí)間，減少人為錯(cuò)誤，等等。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 Web服務(wù)；無線；食品訂貨系統(tǒng)；安全</p><p><b>　　I．引言</b></p

52、><p>　　在信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，特別是在無線通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)技術(shù)，極大地改變?nèi)藗冊(cè)L問信息和工作。如PDA等移動(dòng)設(shè)備所提供的便利和強(qiáng)大的功能，鼓勵(lì)了很多人來調(diào)查使用它們的好處。無線和手持設(shè)備比比皆是，作為供應(yīng)商推銷到一計(jì)算，即時(shí)通信和隨時(shí)隨地的信息訪問的共同主題。雖然Web服務(wù)提供了面向服務(wù)的計(jì)算技術(shù)。 Web服務(wù)允許在不同的平臺(tái)上，在不同的語言編寫的程序在一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方式相互溝通。一貫的經(jīng)營模式，通過整合這些技術(shù)，可

53、以實(shí)現(xiàn)一系列廣泛的設(shè)備上：不只是在經(jīng)營移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的移動(dòng)設(shè)備，但也對(duì)服務(wù)器和個(gè)人電腦連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。</p><p>　　在餐館訂餐過程簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，需要協(xié)調(diào)。流入主要來自客戶指令到服務(wù)員，然后到廚房和/或酒吧工作人員，最后收銀員。在中大和繁忙的餐廳，這種協(xié)調(diào)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，需要一個(gè)高效的訂貨系統(tǒng)。訂購流程中的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致不正確或序列準(zhǔn)備膳食或非消耗和增加成本的業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)果。</p><p>　　本文提出的無

54、線通信技術(shù)和Web服務(wù)技術(shù)的集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)無線點(diǎn)餐系統(tǒng)。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，實(shí)現(xiàn)有線和無線數(shù)據(jù)接入服務(wù)器和訂餐通過臺(tái)式電腦和移動(dòng)設(shè)備，如通過有線/無線綜合局域網(wǎng)掌上電腦的功能。該系統(tǒng)是基于安全的Web服務(wù)架構(gòu)，并采取了一些安全策略，以確保移動(dòng)通信安全?；赪eb服務(wù)的移動(dòng)設(shè)備上的無線應(yīng)用提供了一個(gè)方便的手段，提高工作效率和準(zhǔn)確性。</p><p>　　II．無線局域網(wǎng)和W EB服務(wù)</p><p>

55、<b>　　A．無線局域網(wǎng)</b></p><p>　　無線局域網(wǎng)（WLAN，無線局域網(wǎng)）是一種靈活的數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)延伸或作為替代，建筑物或校園內(nèi)的有線局域網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。利用電磁波，無線局域網(wǎng)發(fā)送和接收的空氣數(shù)據(jù)，最大限度地減少需要有線連接。因此，WLAN的結(jié)合用戶移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)連接，并通過簡(jiǎn)化的配置，使移動(dòng)局域網(wǎng)。</p><p>　　無線局域網(wǎng)的IEEE 802.11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組指定

56、的技術(shù)。 802.11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用路徑共享的以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議和CSMA / CA（載波偵聽碰撞避免的多址接入）和加密方法，有線等效保密算法。這個(gè)802.11a，b和g標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是最常見的家庭無線接入點(diǎn)和大型企業(yè)的無線系統(tǒng)。遠(yuǎn)程用戶可以使用WLAN訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，通過公共服務(wù)供應(yīng)商提供的接入點(diǎn)（“熱點(diǎn)”）。在辦公室時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)訪問WLAN通過無線接入點(diǎn)。在企業(yè)環(huán)境中，無線局域網(wǎng)的安全機(jī)制，如VPN（虛擬專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)），通常輔之以。</p>&l

57、t;p>　　在過去的幾年中，無線局域網(wǎng)已經(jīng)取得了一些市場(chǎng)人氣旺盛，包括醫(yī)療保健，零售，制造，和學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域。這些行業(yè)都得益于使用手持終端和筆記本電腦傳輸實(shí)時(shí)信息集中處理的主機(jī)的生產(chǎn)力。今天，無線局域網(wǎng)正在成為更廣泛地作為一個(gè)通用連接替代了企業(yè)客戶的廣泛認(rèn)可。</p><p><b>　　B. Web服務(wù)</b></p><p>　　迅速成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的重要技術(shù)，是網(wǎng)

58、絡(luò)服務(wù)，一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)真理互連系統(tǒng)。它是一個(gè)開放的基于XML的技術(shù)，提供了一個(gè)通用的數(shù)據(jù)交換格式和許多廠商已迅速通過。 Web服務(wù)可以很容易地建立在現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)用程序，無論是什么底層技術(shù)。因?yàn)樗麄冾A(yù)計(jì)將有越來越多的熟悉和接受多個(gè)用戶之間提供了極大的技術(shù)承諾，Web服務(wù)是一個(gè)有趣的話題調(diào)查其可能的應(yīng)用在許多系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　Web服務(wù)是新一代的Web應(yīng)用程序。它結(jié)合了面向構(gòu)件的方法和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，

59、他們可以形容自己的服務(wù)。它也可以發(fā)布，定位和傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的模塊化應(yīng)用。 Web服務(wù)提供的功能可以很簡(jiǎn)單，但它也包含了特別復(fù)雜的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯。 Web服務(wù)代表了一種實(shí)施SOA（面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)），他們是最流行的一種。此外，SOA的三個(gè)操作只能處理時(shí)，SOA的組件交互。因此，一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的技術(shù)被用來在Web服務(wù)中，包括UDDI，WSDL HTTP，SOAP和XML等。 Web服務(wù)成為SOA應(yīng)用開發(fā)的最佳選擇。</p><p>

60、　　III．該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)</p><p><b>　　系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　在系統(tǒng)中，我們采用四個(gè)層次的基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的客戶端 - 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)。圖1顯示了系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)的概述。該系統(tǒng)的概念組成的六個(gè)主要組件：Web服務(wù)器，數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器，收銀機(jī)，移動(dòng)環(huán)境下的服務(wù)器，移動(dòng)用戶和桌面用戶。 Web服務(wù)器提供的有關(guān)信息為移動(dòng)設(shè)備或臺(tái)式電腦，有線/無線綜合局域網(wǎng)

61、絡(luò)使用WSDL（Web服務(wù)描述語言）來描述功能和協(xié)議。該網(wǎng)站的服務(wù)器，然后傳送到移動(dòng)設(shè)備或臺(tái)式電腦。用戶綁定Web服務(wù)器和WSDL。這可以通過使用SOAP（簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)象訪問協(xié)議）的信件中使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)。數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器保存的食品信息，訂購信息，客戶信息，如系統(tǒng)的所有信息。收銀是負(fù)責(zé)為消費(fèi)者的成本計(jì)算。移動(dòng)環(huán)境中的服務(wù)器應(yīng)用上下文的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)一個(gè)給定的移動(dòng)設(shè)備的資源，通過使用樣式，屬性重寫和模板。</p><p>　　桌面

62、用戶可以從Web服務(wù)器后，檢查該服務(wù)的WSDL服務(wù)要求。在有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的一個(gè)桌面可以被用于瀏覽在一個(gè)屏幕上拍攝的全部?jī)?nèi)容。當(dāng)用戶請(qǐng)求糧食信息通過有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，Web服務(wù)器提供連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的信息。當(dāng)用戶請(qǐng)求糧食信息通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，移動(dòng)環(huán)境中的服務(wù)器根據(jù)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的屏幕大小劃分上下文頁。它還過濾根據(jù)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的網(wǎng)頁，然后通過從上下文服務(wù)器內(nèi)容的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器瀏覽。移動(dòng)環(huán)境中的服務(wù)器重新配置Web服務(wù)器提供的內(nèi)容。</p><p

63、><b>　　圖1 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　B.Web服務(wù)安全性模型</p><p>　　Web服務(wù)安全性，可應(yīng)用在三個(gè)層面：?</p><p>　　平臺(tái)/傳輸級(jí)（點(diǎn)）的安全性;?</p><p>　　應(yīng)用程序級(jí)（客戶）的安全性;?</p><p>　　消息級(jí)（年底）安全。&l

64、t;/p><p>　　每種方法都有不同的長處和短處。該方法的選擇是在很大程度上取決于參與消息交換的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和平臺(tái)的特點(diǎn)。此系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)和應(yīng)用程序級(jí)安全性的重點(diǎn)，因此，描述了兩個(gè)安全級(jí)別。</p><p>　　1.平臺(tái)/傳輸級(jí)（點(diǎn)）的安全</p><p>　　可以使用的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)（Web服務(wù)客戶端和Web服務(wù)）之間的傳輸通道，提供點(diǎn)至點(diǎn)的安全，如圖2所示。</p>

65、<p>　　圖2平臺(tái)/傳輸級(jí)安全性</p><p>　　在平臺(tái)級(jí)模型，客戶端發(fā)送到Web服務(wù)器的XML格式的請(qǐng)求。 XML消息是不加密的客戶端。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的消息時(shí)，在運(yùn)輸通道運(yùn)輸，整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)流進(jìn)行加密，確保運(yùn)輸安全。該系統(tǒng)采用緊耦合的微軟Windows操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)器（IIS）提供基本的，綜合性和證書認(rèn)證。 ASP.NET Web服務(wù)繼承了某些ASP.NET身份驗(yàn)證和授權(quán)功能。安全套接字層（SS

66、L）是用來提供消息完整性和保密性。</p><p>　　2.應(yīng)用程序級(jí)的安全性。</p><p>　　與應(yīng)用程序級(jí)的安全性，應(yīng)用程序的安全控制與自定義的安全功能（如圖3所示）。</p><p>　　圖3應(yīng)用程序級(jí)安全性</p><p>　　例如，在應(yīng)用程序級(jí)的安全模型，應(yīng)用程序可以使用一個(gè)自定義的SOAP標(biāo)頭傳遞用戶憑據(jù)進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證每個(gè)Web

67、服務(wù)請(qǐng)求的用戶。一個(gè)常用的方法是通過在SOAP頭一票（或用戶名稱或許可證）。應(yīng)用程序具有靈活性，以產(chǎn)生自身的主要對(duì)象，其中包含角色。它需要什么，盡管這需要安全密鑰存儲(chǔ)和開發(fā)人員必須有相關(guān)的加密API知識(shí)的應(yīng)用程序可以選擇加密。另一種方法是使用SSL提供保密性和完整性，自定義SOAP頭進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。該系統(tǒng)使用SOAP工具包由微軟，它提供了支持基于IIS安全基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用程序級(jí)安全模型的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全2.0offered。</p&g

68、t;<p><b>　　C.系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施</b></p><p>　　整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的建成使用微軟。NET框架和.NET Framework精簡(jiǎn)。服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序是由Microsoft ASP.NET中實(shí)現(xiàn)基于C＃中，擔(dān)任微軟SQL服務(wù)器2000數(shù)據(jù)庫。上下文服務(wù)器連接到Web服務(wù)器作為IIS作為Web服務(wù)器。主要包括5個(gè)部分：系統(tǒng)管理，食品管理，客戶管理，訂餐管理和財(cái)務(wù)管理，如圖4所示

69、，本系統(tǒng)的功能模塊。</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)管理模塊是負(fù)責(zé)系統(tǒng)的初始設(shè)置，管理員設(shè)置，無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置，日志管理等食物菜單管理，包括設(shè)置名稱，自豪，類型，狀態(tài)的食物，等等?？蛻艄芾肀O(jiān)督信息的客戶，其中包括貴賓信息。訂貨管理的食品，是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督食品從有線用戶和無線用戶訂購信息。財(cái)務(wù)管理下轄的現(xiàn)金，票據(jù)，餐廳和財(cái)務(wù)審計(jì)。</p><p>　　圖4本系統(tǒng)的功能模塊</p><p&