外文翻譯--混合動(dòng)力汽車

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p><b>　　附錄A.英文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have advantages in many fields，such as technology, economy and environmen

2、t will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Res

3、earch and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent in</p><p>　　With completely independ

4、ent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) tec

5、hnology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has est

6、ablished a hybrid electric vehicle p</p><p>　　Mastered the core technology of key components, developed a series of products, a comprehensive follow-up of key components and parts industry. In the core of hy

7、brid cars - battery technology research and development, China has independently developed the capacity to 6Ah-100Ah Ni-MH and Li-ion battery products, energy density and power density close to the international level an

8、d break through the security technology bottlenecks the scale of the world's first urban public transport buses used; t</p><p>　　Motor system to achieve maximum efficiency 93%; self-developed fuel cell e

9、ngine technology advanced, more than 50% efficiency, control the world's few car a hundred kilowatt fuel cell engine development, manufacturing and testing technology one of the countries. At the same time, the key c

10、omponents of hybrid car industry, a comprehensive follow-up of production capabilities and complete. </p><p>　　Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various ty

11、pes of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwh

12、ile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R &amp; D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. </p><p>　　A vehicle that has two or more power train

13、s is called a hybrid vehicle. The power train is defined as the combination of the energy source and the energy converter A hybrid vehicle drive train usually consists of no more than two power trains. More than two powe

14、r trains will make the drive train very complicated. For the purpose of recapturing braking energy that is dissipated in the form of heat in conventional IC engine vehicles, a hybrid drive train usually has a power train

15、 that allows energ</p><p>　　A hybrid drive train can supply its power to the load by a selective power train. There are many available patterns of operating two power trains to meet the load requirement:<

16、/p><p>　　1. Power train 1 alone delivers its power to the load.</p><p>　　2. Power train 2 alone delivers its power to the load.</p><p>　　3. Both power train 1 and power train 2 deliver

17、 their power to the load simultaneously.</p><p>　　4. Power train 2 obtains power from the load (regenerative braking).</p><p>　　5. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1.</p><

18、p>　　6. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1 and the load simultaneously.</p><p>　　7. Power train 1 delivers power to the load and to power train 2 simultaneously.</p><p>　　8. Power

19、train 1 delivers its power to power train 2, and power train 2 delivers its power to the load.</p><p>　　9. Power train 1 delivers its power to the load, and the load delivers the power to power train 2.</

20、p><p>　　In the case of hybridization with a gasoline (diesel)–IC engine (power train 1) and a battery–electric machine (power train 2), pattern (1) is the engine alone propelling mode. This may be used when the

21、 batteries are almost completely depleted and the engine has no remaining power to charge the batteries, or when the batteries have been fully charged and the engine is able to supply sufficient power to meet the power d

22、emands of the vehicle. Pattern (2) is the pure electric propelling mode, in wh</p><p>　　The abundant operation modes in a hybrid vehicle create much more flexibility over a single power train vehicle. With p

23、roper configuration and control, applying a specific mode for a special operating condition can potentially optimize the overall performance, efficiency, and emissions. However, in a practical design, deciding which mode

24、 should be implemented depends on many factors, such as the physical configuration of the drive train, power train efficiency characteristics, load characteristi</p><p><b>　　附錄B.中文翻譯</b></p>

25、;<p>　　混合動(dòng)力汽車及電動(dòng)汽車在技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境等方面的綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)使其成為新世紀(jì)前幾十年汽車發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國(guó)汽車界所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識(shí)。我國(guó)政府也已經(jīng)在國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)中專門開(kāi)列了包括混合動(dòng)力汽車在內(nèi)的電動(dòng)汽車重大專項(xiàng)。目前，我國(guó)在新能源汽車的自主創(chuàng)新過(guò)程中，堅(jiān)持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點(diǎn)的原則，通過(guò)產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合作，我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進(jìn)展。</p&g

26、t;<p>　　形成了具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)，建立了混合動(dòng)力汽車技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)體系?；旌蟿?dòng)力汽車的核心是電池（包括電池管理系統(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此之外，還包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)、電機(jī)控制技術(shù)、整車控制技術(shù)等，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電機(jī)之間動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點(diǎn)。從目前情況來(lái)看，我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立起了混合動(dòng)力汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系，取得了一系列突破性成果，為整車開(kāi)發(fā)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　掌

27、握了關(guān)鍵零部件核心技術(shù)，自主開(kāi)發(fā)出系列化產(chǎn)品，關(guān)鍵零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)化全面跟進(jìn)。在混合動(dòng)力汽車的核心——電池技術(shù)研發(fā)方面，我國(guó)已自主研制出容量為6Ah-100Ah的鎳氫和鋰離子動(dòng)力電池系列產(chǎn)品，能量密度和功率密度接近國(guó)際水平，同時(shí)突破了安全技術(shù)瓶頸，在世界上首次規(guī)模應(yīng)用于城市公交大客車；自主開(kāi)發(fā)的200kW以下永磁無(wú)刷電機(jī)、交流異步電機(jī)和開(kāi)關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)，電機(jī)重量比功率超過(guò)1300w/kg，電機(jī)系統(tǒng)最高效率達(dá)到93％；自主開(kāi)發(fā)的燃料電池發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)先

28、進(jìn)，效率超過(guò)50%，成為世界上少數(shù)幾個(gè)掌握車用百千瓦級(jí)燃料電池發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研發(fā)、制造以及測(cè)試技術(shù)的國(guó)家之一。與此同時(shí)，混合動(dòng)力汽車關(guān)鍵零部件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化全面跟進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)配套能力顯著增強(qiáng)。</p><p>　　掌握了電動(dòng)汽車整車開(kāi)發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類電動(dòng)汽車的開(kāi)發(fā)能力。我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進(jìn)步顯著，不同技術(shù)方案可實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)油10%-40%。同時(shí)，各汽車企業(yè)對(duì)混合動(dòng)力汽車的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化投入顯著增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)

29、業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。</p><p>　　一個(gè)擁有兩個(gè)或以上動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的汽車稱為混合動(dòng)力車，這個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)被定義成能量源和能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置的結(jié)合，通常混合動(dòng)力車的驅(qū)動(dòng)系不會(huì)多于兩個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。多于兩個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)會(huì)似的驅(qū)動(dòng)系非常的復(fù)雜。出于回收傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車輛制動(dòng)過(guò)程中變成熱消耗掉的能量，混合動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)系通常有一個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)允許能量雙向流動(dòng)。</p><p>　　混合動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)系可以將動(dòng)力通過(guò)可選擇的路線傳遞給負(fù)

30、載。兩個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)滿足負(fù)載的有效方式有很多種：</p><p>　　1、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1單獨(dú)傳遞動(dòng)力到負(fù)載。</p><p>　　2、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2單獨(dú)傳遞動(dòng)力到負(fù)載。</p><p>　　3、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1和2同時(shí)傳遞動(dòng)力到負(fù)載。</p><p>　　4、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2從負(fù)載獲得能量 (再生制動(dòng))。</p><p>　　5、 動(dòng)

31、力系統(tǒng)2從動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1獲得能量。</p><p>　　6、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2同時(shí)從動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1和負(fù)載獲得能量。</p><p>　　7、動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1同時(shí)將動(dòng)力傳遞給動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2和負(fù)載。</p><p>　　8、動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1將能量傳遞給動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2，動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2將能量傳遞給負(fù)載。</p><p>　　9、 動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1將動(dòng)力傳遞給負(fù)載，負(fù)載將動(dòng)力傳遞給動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2。&

32、lt;/p><p>　　汽油機(jī)（柴油機(jī)）——內(nèi)燃機(jī)（動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)1）和電動(dòng)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)（動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)2）組合的情況下，方式(1)是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單獨(dú)驅(qū)動(dòng)模式。通常是電池幾乎完全用盡并且發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)沒(méi)有剩余動(dòng)力給電池充電，或者是電池已經(jīng)完全充滿而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能夠提供足夠的動(dòng)力來(lái)滿足車輛的負(fù)載需求。方式 (2) 是純電動(dòng)模式，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)關(guān)閉。這種方式是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不能有效地運(yùn)行的場(chǎng)合，比如速度非常低，或者某些嚴(yán)禁排放的區(qū)域。方式 (3)是混合驅(qū)動(dòng)模式，可能在需

33、要大功率的情況下運(yùn)用，比如急加速或者爬陡坡。方式 (4)是在生制動(dòng)模式， 通過(guò)電動(dòng)機(jī)作為發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行來(lái)回收動(dòng)能或潛在的能量。再生的能量?jī)?chǔ)存到電池里，以后再利用。方式(5) 是充電模式，當(dāng)車輛停止，滑行或者下小斜坡的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有動(dòng)力傳遞到負(fù)載，也沒(méi)有動(dòng)力傳回來(lái)。方式 (6) 是再生制動(dòng)和內(nèi)燃機(jī)同時(shí)給電池充電模式。方式 (7) 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛行駛同時(shí)給電池充電。方式(8) 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)給電池充電，電池提供動(dòng)力給負(fù)載。方式 (9) 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將動(dòng)力通