外文翻譯--管理信息系統的研究和應用

1、<p>　　本科畢業(yè)設計（翻譯）</p><p>　　題 目 </p><p>　　作者姓名 XXX </p><p>　　專業(yè)名稱 計算機科學與技術 </p>

2、<p>　　學科門類 理科 </p><p>　　指導老師 xxx </p><p>　　提交翻譯日期 二○一四年六月 </p><p>　　Research and Application of Management Information Systems

3、</p><p>　　管理信息系統的研究和應用</p><p>　　Abstract: Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving th

4、e management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modern management of corporations. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is one of the core

5、parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business proces</p><p>　　Key words: Management Information System (MIS);Enterprise Resource Planning (ER

6、P);information technology system development;system structure;</p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　The information age is coming, which gives the manufacturers more new opportunities and more new

7、challenges. They must adjust their management models and their operation systems to meet the changes of their customers’ demands and the more and more fierce competition. MIS deals with the planning, development, managem

8、ent and use of information technology tools, to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. The MIS has become an essential part of </p><p>　　摘要：管理信息系統為企業(yè)提高競爭能力提供了一個有效途徑。它

9、提出了一個通過制定和實施有效的、高質量的MIS系統改善管理模式框架，所以這是非常重要的現代企業(yè)管理方法。企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃（ERP）系統的核心部分的管理信息系統，主要解決問題的管理模式。全球化競爭需要業(yè)務流程的進行，ERP系統是一個受歡迎的方法。論文引用SAP R/3系統推出的總體結構和功能的ERP 。全球企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃實施正日益成為成功的選擇，管理信息系統。 </p><p>　　關鍵詞：管理信息系統（MIS）；企業(yè)資

10、源規(guī)劃（ERP）；信息技術系統的發(fā)展；體系結構</p><p><b>　　1.引言 </b></p><p>　　信息時代的到來，制造商面臨更多新機會和更多新挑戰(zhàn)。他們必須調整自己的管理模式和運作系統，以滿足他們的變化，客戶的需求和越來越激烈的競爭。管理信息系統涉及規(guī)劃，開發(fā)，管理和使用信息技術工具，以幫助人們完成所有任務有關的信息處理和管理。管理信息系統已成為一個

11、企業(yè)和政府組織不可或缺的組成部分。技術和組織工作是設計，開發(fā)和管理這些系統必要的的專門知識。作為學術領域，管理信息系統包括兩個廣泛的領域：</p><p>　　business and government organizations. Both technical and organizational expertise is necessary for designing, developing and ma

12、naging these systems. As an academic field, MIS encompasses two broad areas:</p><p>　　(1) Acquisition, deployment, and management of information technology resources and services;</p><p>　　(2) D

13、evelopment of infrastructure, systems and processes (systems development).</p><p>　　These key business areas today are integral to enterprise strategy and vital to maintain competitive advantages. But lack o

14、f training in existing hardware/software and related technologies and inadequate education regarding new development in MIS are critical barriers to success. So the demand for management information system research and e

15、ducation is rising now.</p><p>　　2. MIS Development Life Cycle</p><p>　　The MIS development life cycle refers to analyze user needs and the selection, design, development, implementation and mai

16、ntenance of application systems.</p><p>　　(1) Needs analysis: conduct preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits ofeach solution, and submit a preliminary plan with <

17、/p><p>　?。?）購買，部署和管理的信息技術資源和服務。</p><p>　　（2）發(fā)展基礎設施，制度和程序（系統開發(fā)）。 </p><p>　　今天，這些關鍵的業(yè)務領域都是企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略和保持競爭的重要優(yōu)勢。但由于缺乏培訓，現有的硬件/軟件和相關技術和教育不足成為MIS系統中的障礙，有關新的發(fā)展是至關重要的，也取得了一定成功。所以，需求管理信息系統的研究和教育是上升了

18、。 </p><p>　　2．MIS系統開發(fā)生命周期 </p><p>　　管理信息系統開發(fā)生命周期是指用戶的需求分析和選擇，設計，開發(fā)，實施和維護應用系統。</p><p>　　（1）需求分析：進行初步分析，提出解決方案，描述的成本和效益ofeach解決方案，并提交一份初步計劃與建議。 </p><p>　　（2）系統的分析：收集數據，分析

19、 </p><p>　　recommendations.</p><p>　　(2) System analysis: gather data, analyze the data, and make a written report.</p><p>　　(3) System design: make a preliminary design and a detai

20、led design, and write a report.</p><p>　　(4) System development: acquire the hardware and software and test the system.</p><p>　　(5) System implementation: convert the hardware, software, and fi

21、les to the new system and train the users.</p><p>　　(6) System maintenance: audit the system, and evaluate it periodically.</p><p>　　3. Function of MIS</p><p>　　3.1 Using MIS to Red

22、uce Cost</p><p>　　Early users of computer systems achieved cost reduction primarily by automating highly labor-intensive processes. Today, automation is the only one of a large number of ways MIS to help man

23、agers reduce cost and implement a low-cost leadership strategy. The MIS can decrease cost by reducing the amount of labor, the time required for some processes, the rework and waste.</p><p>　　3.2 Business Pr

24、ocess Redesign</p><p>　　Companies that blindly automate existing systems rarely eliminate their inefficiencies. Manual processes in most companies are evolved to accommodate </p><p>　　數據，并提出一份書面

25、報告。 </p><p>　　（3）系統設計：進行初步設計和詳細設計，并寫了一份報告。 </p><p>　?。?）系統的發(fā)展：收購的硬件和軟件和測試系統。 </p><p>　?。?）系統實施：轉換的硬件，軟件和文件，以新的制度和培訓用戶。 </p><p>　　（6）系統維護：審計制度，并定期對其進行評估。</p><

26、p>　　3．管理信息系統的功能</p><p>　　3.1使用管理信息系統來降低成本 </p><p>　　早期的計算機系統用戶實現降低成本，主要通過高度自動勞力密集的過程。今天，自動化是唯一一個大量的方式管理信息系統，以幫助管理人員降低成本和實施低成本領先戰(zhàn)略。管理信息系統可以降低成本，減少勞動力數量的，所需的時間，一些進程，返工和浪費。 </p><p>

27、　　3.2再造業(yè)務流程 </p><p>　　公司現有自動化系統很少且盲目消除，使其效率低下。手工操作的流程，在大多數公司正在逐漸適應人類的局限。而自動化的進程往往限制，可能設計截然不 </p><p>　　human limitations. Automated processes that accomplish the same work without such constraint

28、s may often be designed quite differently. Business process redesign, also known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR), takes maximum advantage of information technology to break traditional notions of how an organizat

29、ion accomplishes its work.</p><p>　　3.3 Quality Purchasing and Manufacturing</p><p>　　Poor quality not only affects customers’ perceptions of a company’s products and services, but it also incre

30、ases a company’s costs. Quality-oriented organizations first diagnose their information needs and then design the strategic information systems to meet these needs. The expert system coordinates the flow of information f

31、rom the customer, to the sales agent, and to the factory floor; it ensures that the products and manufacturing steps meet the customer’s specification.</p><p>　　3.4 Just-in-time Inventory</p><p>

32、;　　JIT reduces cost by obtaining inventory precisely as need—neither too early nor too late. JIT requires computers and information systems to monitor complex and interrelated inventory, and to plan and monitor the Needs

33、 analysis </p><p>　　同，完成的工作相同。這種業(yè)務流程的重新設計，也被稱為業(yè)務流程再造（ BPR的），需要最大限度地利用信息技術，打破傳統觀念如何組織完成其工作。</p><p>　　3.3采購和制造質量 </p><p>　　一個公司的產品和服務，質量差，不僅影響到客戶的看法，而且還增加公司的成本。組織第一次診斷以質量為導向的信息需求，然后再設

34、計的戰(zhàn)略信息系統，以滿足這些需求。專家坐標信息系統的流動從客戶，到銷售代理，并到工廠車間，它保證了產品和生產步驟滿足客戶的規(guī)格。 </p><p><b>　　3.4準時庫存 </b></p><p>　　降低生產成本，需要準確地獲取庫存，既不太早，也不太晚。準時化要求計算機和信息系統，以監(jiān)測復雜和相互關聯的清單，并計劃和監(jiān)測需求分析，維護系統的分析，執(zhí)行系統的設計。

35、開發(fā)企業(yè)外部環(huán)境的企業(yè)內部環(huán)境的物流需要，以補充庫存。 </p><p>　　Maintenance Systems analysis Implementation Systems design Development Enterprise external environment Enterprise internal environment logistics required to replenish in

36、ventory.</p><p>　　3.5 Flattening</p><p>　　Advances in telecommunications and improvements in networking hardware and software spurred companies to use MIS to reorganize. Technology allows the fl

37、attening of organizational hierarchies and reduction in the number of managers motivated by the movement to team-based management. Improvements in communication technology have also supported the management of geographic

38、ally separate business units from a central corporate headquarters.</p><p>　　4. The Development Trend of MIS</p><p>　　4.1 Using Computer-aided System Engineering (CASE)</p><p>　　CAS

39、E is a method that defines business relationships, activities, processes, entities, and attributes (known as data definitions). CASE reduces duplicate information and quickly reconciles data among subsystem models. The s

40、oftware </p><p><b>　　3.5壓縮</b></p><p>　　電信公司方面改善網絡硬件和推動軟件的進展，使用MIS系統重組。技術可以平坦的組織層次和數量的減少管理者動機是運動隊的管理。改善通信技術也支持在地理上分開管理的業(yè)務部門從中央企業(yè)總部。 </p><p>　　4．該管理信息系統的發(fā)展趨勢 </p>

41、<p>　　4.1利用計算機輔助工程系統（案件） </p><p>　　案件的方法，業(yè)務關系，活動，程序，實體和屬性（也稱為數據定義） 。案例減少重復的信息，并迅速協調各子系統的數據模型。該軟件保持所有文件。作為系統工程師確定業(yè)務需求的應用，系統會自動保持實際文件。一旦分析和設計已經完成，數據庫的結構和程序的源代碼自動生</p><p>　　maintains all docum

42、entation. As system engineers identify application business requirements, the system automatically maintains actual documentation. Once analysis and design are complete, database structures and program source code are au

43、tomatically generated.</p><p>　　4.2 Creating Inter-organizational System with the Internet</p><p>　　A growing number of companies are using the Internet to create inter-organizational systems an

44、d check out the competition. For creating inter-organizational systems, most organizations are simply using the Internet to create customer integrated systems and perform electronic data interchange with suppliers and cu

45、stomers. Others have begun to take advantage of the Internet to form electronic information partnerships for sharing information.</p><p>　　5. Application Example of MIS</p><p>　　ERP system is on

46、e of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method for enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. ERP cleanly integrates the </p>

47、;<p>　　different functions of an organization in</p><p><b>　　成。</b></p><p>　　4.2建立組織間系統與互聯網 </p><p>　　越來越多的公司正在利用因特網來創(chuàng)造組織間系統和簽出的競爭。建立組織間的系統，大多數組織僅僅是利用互聯網來創(chuàng)造客戶集成系統

48、和執(zhí)行電子數據交換與供應商和客戶。其他已開始利用互聯網，形成電子信息的伙伴關系，共享信息。 </p><p>　　5.MIS系統應用實例 </p><p>　　ERP系統是一個管理信息系統的核心部分，解決問題的主要管理模式。 ERP系統是一個受歡迎的方法，使業(yè)務流程的需要進行競爭的全球化。 ERP系統集成了干凈的不同職能的組織，以便更好地提供重要信息的用戶和提高數據的一致性。這有助于制造商

49、迅速響應客戶的需求。此</p><p>　　order to improve delivery of critical information to users and improve data consistency. This helps manufacturers to respond quickly to customer demands. In addition, the information is

50、accurate and updated in real time by the users. It is readily accessible when critical decisions need to be made .The thesis cites an example of the successful implementing ERP system—SAP R/3 to introduce the general str

51、ucture and function of ERP.</p><p>　　ERP Function System of SAP R/3</p><p>　　(1) Production planning</p><p>　　Production logistics is the SAP solution for a modern production plan a

52、nd control system. It provides quick deliverability by shortening planning cycles, providing up-to-date information, and increasing the productivity of work processes. It is flexible, since it can be used in any sector o

53、f industry. The integration of production logistics with other value chain areas of the business within the overall R/3 system ensures optimally adjusted processing of all transactions associated with logistic</p>

54、<p>　　外，信息的準確性和實時更新的用戶。這是容易獲得重要決定時，需要作出的。論文舉例成功實施ERP系統的SAP R/3系統推出的總體結構和功能的ERP 。</p><p>　　ERP系統SAP R/3系統的功能</p><p><b>　?。?）生產計劃 </b></p><p>　　生產物流的SAP解決方案是一個現代化的生產

55、計劃和控制系統。它提供了快速產能，縮短規(guī)劃周期，提供最新的信息，及提高生產力的工作流程。它是靈活的，因為它可用于任何工業(yè)部門。一體化的生產物流與其他領域的價值鏈的企業(yè)的總體R/3系統，確保最佳的調整處理的所有交易相關的物流，采購和倉儲，以銷售和分銷。因此，生產物流提供了一個高水平的績效的計劃和控制的總物質流。 </p><p>　　(2) Sales and distribution</p><

56、;p>　　The sales logistics business process scenario in R/3 allows users to manage sales and distribution activities in an effective manner. The business processes include scenarios for sales, shipping, billing, sales s

57、upport, and sales information. With real time, online access to sales information, such tasks as order entry, delivery, and billing are all streamlined. In addition, sales and distribution can be integrated with procurem

58、ent and production planning, improving turnaround time up and down t</p><p>　　(3) Organization and human resource management</p><p>　　In many industries, the human resource typically exist in th

59、e company every field. Having modern and flexiblehuman resource processes makes better use of these assets and can make the difference in whether a company thrives over time. The R/3 has following functions in human reso

60、urce management: personnel management, business event processing, time management processing, payroll processing, and salary administration.</p><p>　　(4) Business planning and controlling</p><p>

61、;　　The functionality of R/3 in the business planning and controlling area can </p><p><b>　?。?）銷售與分銷 </b></p><p>　　銷售物流業(yè)務流程的情況在R / 3系統允許用戶管理銷售和分銷活動的一個有效方式。業(yè)務流程包括情景銷售，運輸，結算，銷售支持和銷售信息。實

62、時，在線獲取銷售信息，例如任務，訂單輸入，供貨和結算都精簡。此外，銷售和分銷可與采購和生產計劃，提高周轉時間向上和向下的價值鏈。 </p><p>　?。?）組織和人力資源管理 </p><p>　　在很多行業(yè)，人力資源通常存在于公司的各個領域。在現代和flexiblehuman資源進程使更好地利用這些資產，可以使不同的公司是否蓬勃發(fā)展隨著時間的推移。在R / 3系統具有以下功能的人力資源

63、管理：人事管理，業(yè)務事件處理，時間管理處理，工資單處理，和薪金管理。 </p><p>　?。?）業(yè)務規(guī)劃和控制 </p><p>　　R/3系統中的業(yè)務規(guī)劃和控制區(qū)的功能可分為以下內容：目標成本控制，盈利能力分析，利潤中心會計，和間接成本管 </p><p>　　be divided into the following: cost object controll

64、ing, profitability analysis, profit center accounting, and overhead cost management. This information is designed to improve cost accounting in the area of sales, marketing, business planning, and product management. It

65、is especially applicable for companies involved in manufacturing, trade, or service industries.</p><p>　　6. Conclusion</p><p>　　The process of continuously improving MIS programs is challenged b

66、y the rapid evolution of technology and the new visibility that information technology has within organizations. Of paramount importance is the infrastructure required to implement an MIS program; it must be available or

67、 achievable. MIS programs need to be frequently revised to ensure that this infrastructure is feasible and supported.</p><p>　　理。此信息的目的是改善成本會計領域的銷售，營銷，業(yè)務規(guī)劃，以及產品管理。它特別適用于企業(yè)從事制造業(yè)，貿易，或服務行業(yè)。 </p><p>

68、;<b>　　6.結論 </b></p><p>　　組織管理信息系統項目的過程中不斷提高挑戰(zhàn)技術的，信息技術迅速發(fā)展和有了新的知名度。最為重要的是所需要的基礎設施實施管理信息系統的計劃，它必須提供或實現的。管理信息系統的程序需要經常修訂，以確保基礎設施，這是可行的和支持。 </p><p>　　References: </p><p>　　[

69、1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15.</p><p>　　[2] C. Potts. Software Engineering Research Rev

70、isited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234-250. </p><p>　　[3]A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2000, (1) :19.</p><p>　

71、　[4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J]. Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 45-62.</p><p><b>　　參考文獻:</b>&

72、lt;/p><p>　　[1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15.</p><p>　　[2] C. Potts. Software E

73、ngineering Research Revisited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234-250.</p><p>　　[3] A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2000, (1) :19