機(jī)械外文翻譯---論機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　論機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　By integration of machinery development</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動(dòng)了不同學(xué)科的交叉與滲透，導(dǎo)致了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)革命與改造,在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域，由于微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機(jī)械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機(jī)電一體化，使機(jī)械工業(yè)

2、的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機(jī)械電氣化”邁入了“機(jī)電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。</p><p>　　The modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, ha

3、s caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechani

4、cal industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and</p><p><b>　　機(jī)電一體化概要</b></p><p>　

5、　First, the integration of machinery outline</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化是指在機(jī)構(gòu)得主功能、動(dòng)力功能、信息處理功能和控制功能上引進(jìn)電子技術(shù)，將機(jī)械裝置與電子化設(shè)計(jì)及軟件結(jié)合起來所構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng)的總稱。</p><p>　　Integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owne

6、r function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which

7、 constitutes always to call.</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展至今也已成為一門有著自身體系的新型學(xué)科，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不但發(fā)展，還將被賦予新的內(nèi)容,但其基本特征可概括為：機(jī)電一體化是從系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、傳感測(cè)控技術(shù)、電力電子技術(shù)、接口技術(shù)、信息變換技術(shù)以及軟件編程技術(shù)等群體技術(shù)，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能目標(biāo)和優(yōu)化組織目標(biāo)，合理配置與布

8、局各功能單元，在多功能、高質(zhì)量、高可靠性、低能耗的意義上實(shí)現(xiàn)特定功能價(jià)值，并使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù),由此而產(chǎn)生的功能系統(tǒng)，則成為一個(gè)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)或機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along wit

9、h the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content, but its basic characteristic may summariz</p><p>　　因此，“機(jī)電一體化”涵蓋“技術(shù)”和“產(chǎn)品”兩個(gè)方面,只是，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)是基于上述群體技術(shù)有機(jī)融合的一種綜合技術(shù)，而不是機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)以及其它新技術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單組合、拼湊。

10、這是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械加電氣所形成的機(jī)械電氣化在概念上的根本區(qū)別,機(jī)械工程技術(shù)有純技術(shù)發(fā)展到機(jī)械電氣化，仍屬傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的體力,但是發(fā)展到機(jī)電一體化后，其中的微電子裝置除可取代某些機(jī)械部件的原有功能外，還能賦予許多新的功能，如自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、自動(dòng)處理信息、自動(dòng)顯示記錄、自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)與控制自動(dòng)診斷與保護(hù)等,即機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品不僅是人的手與肢體的延伸，還是人的感官與頭腦的眼神，具</p><p>　　有智能

11、化的特征是機(jī)電一體化與機(jī)械電氣化在功能上的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。</p><p>　　Therefore, “the integration of machinery” covering “the technology” and “the product” two aspects, only are, the integration of machinery technology is based on the above

12、community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together, this is the in

13、tegration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the electricity forms in th</p><p>　　二、機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r</p><p>　　Second, the integration of machinery development cond

14、ition</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展大體可以分為3個(gè)階段,20世紀(jì)60年代以前為第一階段，這一階段稱為初級(jí)階段,在這一時(shí)期，人們自覺不自覺地利用電子技術(shù)的初步成果來完善機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的性能。特別是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)刺激了機(jī)械產(chǎn)品與電子技術(shù)的結(jié)合，這些機(jī)電結(jié)合的軍用技術(shù)，戰(zhàn)后轉(zhuǎn)為民用，對(duì)戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)起了積極的作用,那時(shí)研制和開發(fā)從總體上看還處于自發(fā)狀態(tài),由于當(dāng)時(shí)電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展尚未達(dá)到一定水平，機(jī)械技

15、術(shù)與電子技術(shù)的結(jié)合還不可能廣泛和深入發(fā)展，已經(jīng)開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品也無法大量推廣。</p><p>　　Integration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly, 20th century 60's before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage,

16、in this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance, specially in Second World War period, the war

17、has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military t</p><p>　　20世紀(jì)70~80年代為第二階段，可稱為蓬勃發(fā)展階段。這一時(shí)期，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、控制技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展奠定了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。大規(guī)模、超大

18、規(guī)模集成電路和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的迅猛發(fā)展，為機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展提供了充分的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。這個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)是：①M(fèi)echatronics一詞首先在日本被普遍接受，大約到20世紀(jì)80年代末期在世界范圍內(nèi)得到比較廣泛的承認(rèn)；②機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品得到了極大發(fā)展；③各國(guó)均開始對(duì)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品給以很大的關(guān)注和支持。</p><p>　　The 20th century 70~80 ages for the second stage

19、, may be called the vigorous development stage, this time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development, large-

20、scale, ultra large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development, this time characteristic is:①A mechatronics w

21、ord first ge</p><p>　　20世紀(jì)90年代后期，開始了機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)向智能化方向邁進(jìn)的新階段，機(jī)電一體化進(jìn)入深入發(fā)展時(shí)期。一方面，光學(xué)、通信技術(shù)等進(jìn)入了機(jī)電一體化，微細(xì)加工技術(shù)也在機(jī)電一體化中嶄露頭腳，出現(xiàn)了光機(jī)電一體化和微機(jī)電一體化等新分支；另一方面對(duì)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的建模設(shè)計(jì)、分析和集成方法，機(jī)電一體化的學(xué)科體系和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)都進(jìn)行了深入研究。同時(shí)，由于人工智能技術(shù)、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)及光纖技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域

22、取得的巨大進(jìn)步，為機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)開辟了發(fā)展的廣闊天地。這些研究，將促使機(jī)電一體化進(jìn)一步建立完整的基礎(chǔ)和逐漸形成完整的科學(xué)體系。</p><p>　　1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stage which makes great strides forward to the intellectu

23、alized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time, on the one hand, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear

24、 tiny in the integration of machinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the n</p><p>　　三、機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　Third, the integ

25、ration of machinery trend of development</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化是集機(jī)械、電子、光學(xué)、控制、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息等多學(xué)科的交叉綜合，它的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步依賴并促進(jìn)相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。因此，機(jī)電一體化的主要發(fā)展方向如下：</p><p>　　Integration of machinery is the collection machinery, the

26、electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the pro

27、gress, therefore, the integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:</p><p><b>　　3.1智能化</b></p><p>　　3.1Intellectualized</p><p>　　智能化是21世紀(jì)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展的一

28、個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向。人工智能在機(jī)電一體化建設(shè)者的研究日益得到重視，機(jī)器人與數(shù)控機(jī)床的智能化就是重要應(yīng)用。這里所說的“智能化”是對(duì)機(jī)器行為的描述，是在控制理論的基礎(chǔ)上，吸收人工智能、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、模糊數(shù)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、生理學(xué)和混沌動(dòng)力學(xué)等新思想、新方法，模擬人類智能，使它具有判斷推理、邏輯思維、自主決策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目標(biāo)。誠(chéng)然，使機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品具有與人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速的微處理器使機(jī)電一

29、體化產(chǎn)品賦有低級(jí)智能或人的部分智能，則是完全可能而又必要的。</p><p>　　Intellectualization is a 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development direction, the artificial intelligence obtains day by da

30、y in the integration of machinery constructor's research takes, the robot and the numerical control engine bed intellectualization is the important application, here said “the intellectualization” is to the machine b

31、ehavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations rese</p><p><b>　　3.2模塊化</b></p><p>　　3.2 Modular</p><p>

32、　　模塊化是一項(xiàng)重要而艱巨的工程。由于機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品種類和生產(chǎn)廠家繁多，研制和開發(fā)具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)械接口、電氣接口、動(dòng)力接口、環(huán)境接口的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品單元是一項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜但又是非常重要的事。如研制集減速、智能調(diào)速、電機(jī)于一體的動(dòng)力單元，具有視覺、圖像處理、識(shí)別和測(cè)距等功能的控制單元，以及各種能完成典型操作的機(jī)械裝置。這樣，可利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單元迅速開發(fā)出新產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也可以擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。這需要制定各項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便各部件、單元的匹配和接口。由于利益沖突，近期

33、很難制定國(guó)際或國(guó)內(nèi)這方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但可以通過組建一些大企業(yè)逐漸形成。顯然，從電氣產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化帶來的好處可以肯定，無論是對(duì)生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)電一體化單元的企業(yè)還是對(duì)生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)，規(guī)?；瘜⒔o機(jī)電一體化企業(yè)帶來美好的前程。</p><p>　　Modulations are one item important and the arduous project, because the integration

34、of machinery product type and the manufacturer are many, but the development and the development have standard mechanical connection, electrical connection, power connection, the environment connection integration of mac

35、hinery product unit are an item extremely complex also are the extremely important matters, like the development collection deceleration, the intelligent velocity modulation, the electrical machin</p><p><

36、;b>　　3.3網(wǎng)絡(luò)化</b></p><p>　　3.3 Network</p><p>　　20世紀(jì)90年代，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等的突出成就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的興起和飛速發(fā)展給科學(xué)技術(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、政治、軍事、教育義舉人么日常生活都帶來了巨大的變革。各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)將全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、生產(chǎn)連成一片，企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也將全球化。機(jī)電一體化新產(chǎn)品一旦研制出來，只要其功能獨(dú)到，質(zhì)量可靠，很快就會(huì)暢銷全

37、球。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各種遠(yuǎn)程控制和監(jiān)視技術(shù)方興未艾，而遠(yuǎn)程控制的終端設(shè)備本身就是機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線和局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)是家用電器網(wǎng)絡(luò)化已成大勢(shì)，利用家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)將各種家用電器連接成以計(jì)算機(jī)為中心的計(jì)算機(jī)集成家電系統(tǒng)，使人們?cè)诩依锓窒砀鞣N高技術(shù)帶來的便利與快樂。因此，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品無疑朝著網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展。</p><p>　　1990s, the computer technology and so on th

38、e prominent achievement was the networking, networking starting with the rapid development for the science and technology, the industrial production, political, the military, the education magnanimous act person daily li

39、fe has all brought the huge transformation, each kind of network the global economy, the production linked up into a single stretch, enterprise's competition will also globalize, once the integration of machinery new

40、 product developed, s</p><p><b>　　3.4微型化</b></p><p>　　3.4 Microminiaturized</p><p>　　微型化興起于20世紀(jì)80年代末，指的是機(jī)電一體化向微型機(jī)器和微觀領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。國(guó)外稱其為微電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)（MEMS），泛指幾何尺寸不超過1cm3的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，并向微

41、米、納米級(jí)發(fā)展。微機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品體積小 、耗能少、運(yùn)動(dòng)靈活，在生物醫(yī)療、軍事、信息等方面具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。微機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展的瓶頸在于微機(jī)械技術(shù)，微機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的加工采用精細(xì)加工技術(shù)，即超精密技術(shù)，它包括光刻技術(shù)和蝕刻技術(shù)兩類。</p><p>　　Microminiaturization emerge in the end of 1980s, refers is the integration of mach

42、inery to the miniature machine and the microscopic domain development tendency, overseas name it micro electron mechanical system (MEMS), makes a general reference the geometry size not to surpass 1cm3 the integration of

43、 machinery product, and to micron, the nanometer level development, the micro integration of machinery product volume small, consumes energy few, the movement is nimble, in aspects and so on biologi</p><p>&

44、lt;b>　　3.5綠色化</b></p><p><b>　　3.5 Green</b></p><p>　　工業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)給人們生活帶來了巨大變化。一方面，物質(zhì)豐富，生活舒適；另一方面，資源減少，生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重污染。于是，人們呼吁保護(hù)環(huán)境資源，回歸自然。綠色產(chǎn)品概念在這種呼聲下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，綠色化是時(shí)代的趨勢(shì)。綠色產(chǎn)品在其設(shè)計(jì)、制造、使用和銷毀的生命過

45、程中，符合特定的環(huán)境保護(hù)和人類健康的要求，對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境無害或危害極少，資源利用率極高。設(shè)計(jì)綠色的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，具有遠(yuǎn)大的發(fā)展前途。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的綠色化主要是指，使用時(shí)不污染生態(tài)環(huán)境，報(bào)廢后能回收利用。</p><p>　　Industries lived developed for the people have brought the huge change, on the one hand, the mat

46、erial was rich, the life was comfortable; On the other hand, the resources reduce, the ecological environment receives the serious pollution, therefore, the people appealed the protection environment resources, the retur

47、n nature, the green product concept arises at the historic moment under this kind of call, the green is the time tendency, the green product in its design, the manufacture, the use and</p><p><b>　　3.6系

48、統(tǒng)化</b></p><p>　　3.6 systematizations</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)化的表現(xiàn)特征之一就是系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步采用開放式和模式化的總線結(jié)構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)可以靈活組態(tài)，進(jìn)行任意剪裁和組合，同時(shí)尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)多子系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制和綜合管理。表現(xiàn)之二是通信功能的大大加強(qiáng)，一般除RS232外，還有RS485、DCS人格化。未來的機(jī)電一體化更加注重產(chǎn)品與人的關(guān)系，機(jī)電一體化的人

49、格化有兩層含義。一層是，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的最終使用對(duì)象是人，如何賦予機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品人的智能、情感、人性顯得越來越重要，特別是對(duì)家用機(jī)器人，其高層境界就是人機(jī)一體化。另一層是模仿生物機(jī)理，研制各種機(jī)電一體花產(chǎn)品。事實(shí)上，許多機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品都是受動(dòng)物的啟發(fā)研制出來的</p><p>　　One of systematized performance characteristics is the system archi

50、tecture further uses open style and the patternizing main line structure. the system may the nimble configuration, carries on tailors and the combination willfully, simultaneously seeks realizes the multi-subsystem coord

51、ination control and the synthesis management, second performance is the correspondence function big enhancement, generally besides RS232, but also will have RS485, the DCS personification, the future integration o</p&

52、gt;<p>　　四、典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品</p><p>　　Fourth, the model integration of machinery product</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品分系統(tǒng)(整機(jī))和基礎(chǔ)元、部件兩大類。典型的機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)有：數(shù)控機(jī)床、機(jī)器人、汽車電子化產(chǎn)品、智能化儀器儀表、電子排版印刷系統(tǒng)、CAD／CAM系統(tǒng)等。典型的機(jī)電一體化元、部件有：

53、電力電子器件及裝置、可編程序控制器、模糊控制器、微型電機(jī)、傳感器、專用集成電路、伺服機(jī)構(gòu)等。這些典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、市場(chǎng)前景分析從略。</p><p>　　Integration of machinery product subsystem (complete machine) and the foundation Yuan, the part two big kinds, the typi

54、cal integration of machinery system includes: The numerical control engine bed, the robot, the automobile computerization product, the intellectualized instrument measuring appliance, the electronic publishing printing s

55、ystem, the CAD/CAM system and so on, the typical integration of machinery Yuan, the part includes: Electric power electronic device and equipment, programmable c</p><p>　　五、我國(guó)發(fā)展“機(jī)電一體化”面臨的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)</p><

56、;p>　　Fifth, our country develops the situation and the duty integration of machinery work which “</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化工作主要包括兩個(gè)層次：一是用微電子技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，其目的是節(jié)能、節(jié)材，提高工效，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，把傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步提高一步；二是開發(fā)自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字化、智能化機(jī)電產(chǎn)品，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代

57、。</p><p>　　The integration of machinery” faces mainly includes two levels: One, with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry, its goal is the energy conservation, the nodal wood, enh

58、ances the work efficiency, improves the product quality, enhances the traditional industry technology advancement one step; Two, development automation, digitization, intellectualized mechanical and electrical products,

59、promotion product renewal.</p><p>　　(一)我國(guó)“機(jī)電一體化”工作面臨的形勢(shì)</p><p>　　(1) our country “the integration of machinery” the work faces situation</p><p>　　1. 我國(guó)用微電子技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的工作量大而廣，有難度</p&

60、gt;<p>　　1. Our country is big with the microelectronic technology transformation tradition industry work load and is broad, has difficulty</p><p>　　2. 我國(guó)用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)加速產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代，提高市場(chǎng)占有率的呼聲高，有壓力。</p>&

61、lt;p>　　2. Our country with the integration of machinery technology acceleration product renewal, enhances the market share the call to be high, has the pressure.</p><p>　　3. 我國(guó)用機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品取代技術(shù)含量和附加值低，耗能、耗水、耗材

62、高，污染、擾民產(chǎn)品的責(zé)任重，有意義。在我國(guó)工業(yè)系統(tǒng)中，能耗、耗水大戶，對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重的企業(yè)還占相當(dāng)大的比重。近年來我國(guó)的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)雖然幾經(jīng)調(diào)整，但由于多種原因，成效一直不夠明顯。這里面固然有上級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門的政出多門問題，有企業(yè)的“故土難離”“死守故業(yè)”問題，但不可否認(rèn)也有優(yōu)化不出理想的產(chǎn)業(yè)，優(yōu)選不出中意的產(chǎn)品問題。上佳的答案早就擺在了這些企業(yè)的面前，這就是發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化，開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品功能強(qiáng)、性能好

63、、質(zhì)量高、成本低，且具有柔性，可根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需要和用戶反映時(shí)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)過程做必要的調(diào)整、改革，而無須改換設(shè)備。這是解決機(jī)電產(chǎn)品多品種、少批量生產(chǎn)的重要出路。同時(shí)，可為傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械工業(yè)注入新鮮血液，帶來新的活力，把機(jī)械生產(chǎn)從繁重的體力勞動(dòng)中解脫出來，實(shí)現(xiàn)文明生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　3.Our country is low with the integration of machinery product subs

64、titution technology content and the added value, consumes energy, the water consumption, consumes the material to be high, the pollution, harasses the people product the responsibility to be heavy, has the significance,

65、in our country industrial system, the energy consumption, the water consumption wealthy and powerful family, also accounts for the quite great proportion to the environmental pollution serious enterprise, in recen</p&

66、gt;<p>　　另外，從市場(chǎng)需求的角度看，由于我國(guó)研制、開發(fā)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的歷史不長(zhǎng)，差距較大，許多產(chǎn)品的品種、數(shù)量、檔次、質(zhì)量都不能滿足需求，每年進(jìn)口量都比較大，因此亟需發(fā)展。</p><p>　　Moreover, looked from the market demand angle, because our country develops, the development integra

67、tion of machinery product history is not long, the disparity is big, many product varieties, quantity, the scale, the quality all cannot meet the need, the import volume all quite is big every year, therefore must develo

68、p urgently.</p><p>　　(二) 我國(guó)“機(jī)電一體化”工作的任務(wù)</p><p>　　(2) Our country “the integration of machinery” work duty</p><p>　　我國(guó)在機(jī)電一體化方面的任務(wù)可以概括為兩句話：一句話是廣泛深入地用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)；另一句話是大張旗鼓地開發(fā)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，

69、促進(jìn)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代?？偟哪康氖谴龠M(jìn)機(jī)電一體產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成、為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整作貢獻(xiàn)。</p><p>　　Our country may summarize in the integration of machinery aspect duty is two speeches: A speech widely thoroughly uses the integration of machinery te

70、chnological transformations tradition industry; Another speech is develops the integration of machinery product on a grand scale, the promotion mechanical and electrical products renewal, the total goal is the promotion

71、mechanical and electrical body industry formation, makes the contribution for our country industrial structure and the product mix</p><p>　　總之，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)既是振興傳統(tǒng)機(jī)電工業(yè)的新鮮血液和源動(dòng)力，又是開啟我國(guó)機(jī)電行業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整大門的鑰匙。</p>

72、<p>　　In brief, the integration of machinery technology not only is promotes the traditional mechanical and electrical industry fresh blood and the source power, also is opens our country mechanical and electrical

73、 profession product mix, the industrial structure adjusts the front door the key.</p><p>　　六、我國(guó)發(fā)展“機(jī)電一體化”的對(duì)策</p><p>　　Sixth, our country develops “the integration of machinery” countermeasure<

74、/p><p>　　加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌安排，協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展計(jì)劃</p><p>　　(1) Enhancement overall plan arrangement, coordinated development plan</p><p>　　目前，我國(guó)從事“機(jī)電一體化”研究開發(fā)及生產(chǎn)的單位很多。各自都有一套自己的發(fā)展策略。各單位的計(jì)劃由于受各自立足點(diǎn)、著眼點(diǎn)的限制，難免只考慮局部利益

75、，各主管部門的有關(guān)計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃，也有統(tǒng)一考慮不足，統(tǒng)籌安排不夠的問題，同時(shí)缺少綜觀全局的有權(quán)威性的發(fā)展計(jì)劃和戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃。因此，建議各主管部門責(zé)成有關(guān)單位在進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查研究、科學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，制定出統(tǒng)管全局的“機(jī)電一體化”研究、開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃，避免開發(fā)上重復(fù)，生產(chǎn)上撞車!</p><p>　　At present, our country is engaged in the unit which “the int

76、egration of machinery” the research develops and produces to be very many, each one all has a set of own development strategy, various units' plan as a result of respective standpoint, the objective point limit, only

77、 is considered unavoidably the local interest, various department responsible for the work's related plan and plan, also some unification consideration insufficiency, the overall plan arrangement insufficient questio

78、n, simu</p><p>　　強(qiáng)化行業(yè)管理，發(fā)揮“協(xié)會(huì)”作用</p><p>　　(2) Strengthened profession management, display “association” function</p><p>　　目前，我國(guó)“機(jī)電一體化”較熱，而按目前的行業(yè)劃分方法和管理體制，“政出多門”是難哆的。因此，我國(guó)有必要明確一個(gè)“機(jī)電一

79、體化”行業(yè)的統(tǒng)管機(jī)構(gòu)，根據(jù)目前國(guó)家政治體制改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的精神，以及機(jī)電一體化行業(yè)特點(diǎn)，我們建議，盡快加強(qiáng)北京機(jī)電一體化協(xié)會(huì)的建設(shè)，賦予其行業(yè)管理職能?！皡f(xié)會(huì)”要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)——理事會(huì)的代表層面和復(fù)蓋面，要加強(qiáng)辦公室、秘書處的建設(shè)；要通過其精明干練的辦事機(jī)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體，組織“行業(yè)”發(fā)展計(jì)劃、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的擬制；指導(dǎo)行業(yè)布點(diǎn)布局的調(diào)整，進(jìn)行發(fā)展突破口的選擇，抓好重點(diǎn)工程的試點(diǎn)和有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)標(biāo)、招標(biāo)工作……</p>&l

80、t;p>　　At present, our country “integration of machinery” hot, but according to the present profession division method and the management system, “the policy comes out of many doors” is difficult duo, therefore, our co

81、untry has the necessity to be clear about one “the integration of machinery” the profession to manage the organization, according to the present country political reform and the economic restructuring spirit, as well as

82、the integration of machinery profession characteristic, we suggested,</p><p>　　(三)優(yōu)化發(fā)展環(huán)境、增大支持力度</p><p>　　(3) Optimized development environment, increases the support dynamics</p><p>

83、;　　優(yōu)化發(fā)展環(huán)境指通過宣傳群眾，造成一種社會(huì)上下、企業(yè)內(nèi)外都重視、支持“機(jī)電一體化”發(fā)展的氛圍，如盡快為外商到我國(guó)投資發(fā)展“機(jī)電一體化”產(chǎn)業(yè)提供方便；盡可能為興辦開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的高新技術(shù)企業(yè)開綠燈；盡力為開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品調(diào)配好資源要素等。</p><p>　　Optimization development environment to refer through the propaganda

84、 populace, creates about inside and outside one kind of society, the enterprise all takes, the support “the integration of machinery” the development atmosphere, if as soon as possible invests the development for the for

85、eign merchant to our country “the integration of machinery” the industry to provide the convenience; As far as possible for establishes the development, the production integration of machinery product high techno</p&g

86、t;<p>　　增大支持力度，在技術(shù)政策上，要嚴(yán)格限制耗電、耗水、耗材高的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，對(duì)未采用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)落后產(chǎn)品限制強(qiáng)制淘汰；大力提倡用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行改造，對(duì)有關(guān)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)乾地改造，對(duì)有關(guān)技術(shù)開發(fā)、應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)先立項(xiàng)、優(yōu)先支持，對(duì)在技術(shù)開發(fā)、應(yīng)用中做出貢獻(xiàn)的單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、科技人員進(jìn)行表彰獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等。</p><p>　　Increases the support dynam

87、ics, in the technical policy, must limit strictly consumes the electricity, the water consumption, consumes the material high legacy product the development, to has not used the integration of machinery technology backwa

88、rdness product limit compulsion elimination; Promotes with great effort carries on the transformation with the integration of machinery technology to the traditional industry, transforms dryly to the related integration

89、of machinery technology to the tr</p><p>　　突出發(fā)展重點(diǎn)，兼顧“兩個(gè)層次”</p><p>　　(4) prominent development priorities, proper attention to both “two levels</p><p>　　機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)復(fù)蓋面非常廣，而我們的財(cái)力、人力和物力是有限

90、的，因此我們?cè)谧C(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展時(shí)不能面面俱到、平鋪直敘，而應(yīng)分清主次，大膽取舍，有所為，有所不為。要注意抓兩個(gè)層次上的工作。第一個(gè)層次是“面上”的工作，即用電子信息技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行改造，在傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)電設(shè)備上植入或嫁接上微電子(計(jì)算機(jī))裝置，使“機(jī)械”和“電子”技術(shù)在淺層次上結(jié)合。第二個(gè)層次是“提高”工作，即在新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)之初，就把“機(jī)械”與“電子”統(tǒng)一起來進(jìn)行考慮，使“機(jī)械”與“電子”密不可分，深度結(jié)合，生產(chǎn)出來的新產(chǎn)品起碼正做到機(jī)電

91、一體化。</p><p>　　The integration of machinery industry coverage is extremely broad, but our financial resource, the manpower and the physical resource are limited, therefore we when stresses the integration of

92、machinery industry development cannot attend to every detail, write in a straightforward manner, but should distinguish clearly primary and secondary, the bold choices, has the behavior, can refrain from doing things, mu

93、st pay attention stresses in two levels the work, the first level is “on the surface” t</p><p><b>　　七、結(jié)語</b></p><p>　　Seventh, the conclusion</p><p>　　綜上所述，機(jī)電一體化的出現(xiàn)不是孤立的

94、，它是許多科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)晶，是社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展到一定階段的必然要求。當(dāng)然，與機(jī)電一體化相關(guān)的技術(shù)還有很多，并且隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，各種技術(shù)相互融合的趨勢(shì)將越來越明顯，機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的廣闊發(fā)展前景也將越來越光明。</p><p>　　In summary, the integration of machinery appearance is not isolated, it is many science and

95、technology development crystallization, is the social productive forces develops the certain stage inevitably request Certainly, also has with the integration of machinery related technology very many, and along with the