外文翻譯-- 注塑模具

1、<p>　　Injection Molds</p><p>　　A. Basic mold design</p><p>　　An injection mold consists of at least two halves that are fastened to the two platens of the injection molding machine so that

2、they can be opened and closed. In the closed position, the product-forming surfaces of the two mold halves define the mold cavity into which the plastic melt is injected via the runner system and the gate. Cooling provis

3、ions in the mold provide for cooling and solidification of the molded product so that it can be subsequently ejected.</p><p>　　B. Types of Ejection</p><p>　　For product ejection to occur ,the mo

4、ld must open. The shapes of the molded product determines whether it can be ejected simply by opening the two mold halves or whether undercuts must be present. The design of a mold is dictated primarily by the shape of t

5、he product to be molded and the provisions necessary for product ejection. Injection-molded products can be classified as:</p><p>　　Products without undercuts(e.g., plaques, strips, half-shells, cups).</p

6、><p>　　Products with external undercuts or lateral openings(e.g., spools and bobbins, beverage crates, threaded bolts).</p><p>　　Products with internal undercuts (e.g., threaded closures, housings)

7、.</p><p>　　Products with external and internal undercuts(e.g., bumper fascias, electrical and automotive instrument housings, cameras, etc.).</p><p>　　C. Design Rules</p><p>　　There

8、 are many rules for designing molds. These rules and standard practices are based on logic, past experience, convenience, and economy. For designing, mold making, and molding, it is usually of advantage to follow the rul

9、es. But occasionally, it may work out better if a rule is ignored and an alternative way is selected. In this text, the most common rules are noted, but the designer will learn only from experience which way to go. The d

10、esigner must ever be open to mew ideas and methods, to </p><p>　　D. The Basic Mold</p><p>　　1. Mold Cavity Space</p><p>　　The mold cavity space is a shape inside the mold, ”excavate

11、d”(by machining the mold material) in such a manner that when the molding material(in our case, the plastic)is forced into this space it will take on the shape of the cavity space and, therefore, the desired product The

12、principle of a mold is almost as old as human civilization. Molds have been used to make tools, weapons, bells, statues, and household articles, by pouring liquid metals (iron, bronze) into sand forms. such molds, which

13、a</p><p>　　2 . Number of Cavities</p><p>　　Many molds, particularly molds for larger products, are built for only 1 cavity space(a single-cavity mold),but many molds, especially large production

14、 molds, are built with or more cavities. The reason for this is purely economical. It takes only little more time to inject several cavities than to inject one. For example, a 4-cavity mold requires only (approximately)

15、one-fourth of the machine time of a single-cavity mold. Conversely, the production increases in proportion to the number of cavit</p><p>　　3. Cavity Shape and Shrinkage</p><p>　　The shape of the

16、 cavity is essentially the ”negative” of the shape of the desired product, with dimensional allowances added to allow for shrinking of the plastic. The shape of the cavity is usually created with chip-removing machine to

17、lls, or with electric discharge machining (EDM), with chemical etching, or by any new method that may be available to remove metal or build it up, such as galvanic processes. It may also be created by casting (and then m

18、achining) certain metals (usually copper or </p><p>　　E. Cavity and Core</p><p>　　By convention, the hollow (concave) portion of the cavity space is called the cavity. The matching, often raised

19、 (or convex) portion of the cavity space is called the core. Most plastic products are cup-shaped. This does not mean that they look like a cup, but they do have an inside and an outside. The outside of the product is fo

20、rmed by the cavity, the inside by the core. The alternative to the cup shape is the flat shape. In this case, there is no specific convex portion, and sometimes, the co</p><p>　　注：該文選自 張曉黎 李海梅主編。 塑料加工和模具專業(yè)

21、英語．化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2004</p><p><b>　　注塑模具</b></p><p><b>　　A基本模具設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　一個(gè)注塑模具至少包括兩半，這些固定在兩個(gè)盤的注塑機(jī)，以便他們能夠開啟和關(guān)閉。在關(guān)閉位置，產(chǎn)品形成表面兩個(gè)半確定模具型腔將其注入塑料熔體通過熱流道系統(tǒng)和門。冷卻規(guī)定提供模具冷卻

22、和凝固的成型產(chǎn)品，以便能夠隨后順利流出.</p><p><b>　　B 注塑的類型</b></p><p>　　產(chǎn)品注射發(fā)生時(shí)，模具必須打開。制品的形狀決定了它是能夠被直接開模取出還是必須考慮凹孔的影響。模具的設(shè)計(jì)是決定模具的形狀主要是由該產(chǎn)品將成型的規(guī)定和必要的產(chǎn)品注射。注塑產(chǎn)品可分為：</p><p>　　○ 1Products不削弱（如

23、斑塊，帶，半彈，杯） 。</p><p>　　○ 2Products與外部削弱或側(cè)開口的（例如，線軸和筒子，飲料箱，螺紋螺栓） 。</p><p>　　○ 3Products內(nèi)部破壞（例如，線程關(guān)閉，外殼） 。 </p><p>　　○ 4Products與外部和內(nèi)部破壞（例如，保險(xiǎn)杠fascias ，電器和汽車儀表外殼，照相機(jī)等） 。</p><

24、;p><b>　　C.設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則</b></p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)模具有許多規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法是根據(jù)邏輯，過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，方便， 經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度考慮的.對于設(shè)計(jì)，模具制造，成型，按照這些規(guī)則通常是有優(yōu)勢的.但是有些時(shí)候，它可能更好的工作如果忽視了這種方法而選擇可另一種設(shè)計(jì)原則.[在這段文章中，最常見的規(guī)則被選擇，但設(shè)計(jì)者將會根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)去確定應(yīng)該選擇的規(guī)則，同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)者必須想出新的方法和建議去

25、設(shè)計(jì)新的模具和模具材料，這些可能會影響到這些規(guī)則。</p><p><b>　　D.基本模具</b></p><p><b>　　1.模具型腔空間</b></p><p>　　在模具型腔形狀空間內(nèi)的模具， “挖掘” （由機(jī)械加工的模具材料）以這種方式，當(dāng)成型材料（在目前情況下，塑料）是被迫進(jìn)入這一領(lǐng)域?qū)⒉扇〉男螤钋坏目臻g，

26、因此，得到理想的產(chǎn)品.模具的這一原理幾乎和人類文明有一樣漫長的歷史.模具已被用來制造工具，武器，鐘聲，雕像，和家居用品，通過澆注液態(tài)金屬（鐵，銅）到沙形式。</p><p>　　這種模具，這是沿用至今的鑄造廠，但是只能使用一次，因?yàn)闉榱嗽诋a(chǎn)品固化后將其取出而不得不將其毀壞.今天，我們正在尋找永久鑄模，可重復(fù)使用?，F(xiàn)在的模具都是用堅(jiān)固的，可回收利用的材料做成的，比如鋼鐵，軟鋁或金屬合金。</p>&l

27、t;p>　　某些塑料模具在長期的生活并不需要，因?yàn)橛?jì)劃生產(chǎn)量本來就少。在注塑成型的（熱）塑料注入腔空間用高壓，因此，模具必須強(qiáng)大到足以抵制注射壓力不變形。</p><p><b>　　2.型腔的數(shù)目</b></p><p>　　許多模具，特別是較大的模具產(chǎn)品，是專為只有1腔空間（單腔模具） ，但許多鑄模，尤其是大型的生產(chǎn)模具，建有或更多的型腔，這個(gè)原因完全是從經(jīng)

28、濟(jì)的角度考慮的。It這樣就只需要投入稍微多一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間去注入幾個(gè)型腔而不是僅僅的一個(gè) 。例如，一個(gè)4腔模具只需要（約）的四分之一的時(shí)間注入一個(gè)單腔模具?？傊a(chǎn)量的增加完全可以根據(jù)型腔數(shù)目的增加而增加。當(dāng)然也個(gè)擁有多個(gè)型腔的模具要遠(yuǎn)比只有一個(gè)型腔的模具昂貴的多，但（因?yàn)樵谖覀兊睦樱┎灰欢ň捅葐吻荒＞哂兴谋兜漠a(chǎn)量。而且可能需要有更大機(jī)板面積的機(jī)器，更好的</p><p>　　鉗位能力，因?yàn)樗鼤褂茫ㄔ谶@個(gè)例子中）

29、4倍的塑料，它可能需要更大的注射單元，使機(jī)器的成本比小的模具的成本更高。今天，大部分多模腔模具都用一定的首選號碼標(biāo)注模具： 2,4,6,8,12,16,24,32,48,64,96,128 。 選擇這些數(shù)字（偶數(shù)）的原因是為了在長方形區(qū)域內(nèi)布置型腔方便，這樣有利于設(shè)計(jì)，定尺寸，加工制造和圍繞機(jī)器中心對稱，這種對稱分布對于保證每個(gè)型腔分配到相同的鎖模力非常重要。一個(gè)少數(shù)的型腔也可以生產(chǎn)出圓形點(diǎn)陣群的工件，即使有奇數(shù)型腔，如3,5,7,9

30、。也有可能用型腔去布局任何數(shù)量的型腔，這種規(guī)則的規(guī)定對于同領(lǐng)域的機(jī)械生產(chǎn)都應(yīng)該得到遵守。</p><p><b>　　3.型腔形變和收縮</b></p><p>　　型腔的形變基本上是“消極”的形狀所得到的產(chǎn)品，與三維補(bǔ)充，以便減小它的變形。型腔的形狀通常是建立在切割機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)之上的，或者是與放電加工（加工） ，與化學(xué)腐蝕有關(guān)，或以其他的方法，可去除金屬或建模。當(dāng)然它也

31、可以通過鑄造（再加工）的方式得到，或者利用某些金屬（通常是銅或鋅合金）石膏模具創(chuàng)造，或通過鑄造（再加工）一些適合硬塑料（如環(huán)氧樹脂）的來得到。腔形狀可以是減少直接進(jìn)入模具板或?qū)⑿纬刹迦氚鍓K。</p><p><b>　　C.型腔與型芯</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)資料說，型腔空間的空（凹）部分被稱為型腔。與之相匹配的，往往引起（或凸）部分腔空間被稱為型芯。大部分塑

32、料制品都是杯子行形狀的，這并不意味著他們看起來像一個(gè)杯子，但他們的卻有一個(gè)內(nèi)部和外部的的形狀。這種產(chǎn)品</p><p>　　的外部結(jié)構(gòu)便形成了型腔的形狀，內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)便形成了型芯的形狀。對于這種可供選擇形狀就是平面形狀。在這種情況下，就有沒有具體的凸部分，有時(shí)，型心看起來像是鏡像的型腔。有各種類型像塑料刀，游戲芯片，或圓形磁盤。盡管這些項(xiàng)目表面上看起來很簡單。但要造成他們往往卻存在很大的困難。通常，將型腔設(shè)置在注塑機(jī)