給排水專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文翻譯-- 醫(yī)院建筑給水排水

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系別： 環(huán)能學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專業(yè)： 給水排水工程 </p><p>　　班級： 給排水08-1 </p><p>　　姓名： <

2、;/p><p>　　學(xué)號： </p><p>　　外文出處： Wan Fang foreign languages </p><p>　　literature datebase </p><p>　　附 件：1、外文原文；2、外文資料翻譯譯文。</p>

3、<p><b>　　1、外文原文</b></p><p>　　Supplying and draining waterin hospital construction </p><p>　　With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the

4、new armamentarium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital , are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. Disregarding seco

5、ndary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still , finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and higher</p><p>　　

6、一 hospital gives a sewerage</p><p>　　1) Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous , the function is peculiar , the request is very high. Except demanding to swear to continue sup

7、plying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently, need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality , water press

8、ure , the water temperature, classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increa</p><p>　　2) The hospital operating rooms , the delivery room operation the water hygiene, saliva

9、 washing hands by shower bath water , the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing. In the homeland few are large-scale , the high rank hospital centre supplies a room, the centre disinfecti

10、ng has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting, now that swear to there be no dust , the sterility , to remove the pathopoiesia source , to avoid the blockage infecting , cutting down equ</p><p>　　3) H

11、ospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water, and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities. The handicraft responds to according to different hospital p

12、reparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality , water yield , water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserve

13、s corresponding to drain-pipe and allocation chilled wat</p><p>　　4) Hospital operating rooms , delivery rooms , baby rooms , supply rooms , medical treatment of the dermatological department wards, door eme

14、rgency call, cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and the request difference that the staff and worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more. O

15、rdinary circumstances door emergency call, cures skill administrative or tehcnical office , centre supply a room , the staff and worker log</p><p>　　5) Considers beautification to the environment , is inadvi

16、sable to adopt the steam boiled water stove , completely eradicates occurrence aroused the ward building pantry inner floor moistness , avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement a

17、erofluxus thereby. The hospital disregards size , boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or the electricity boiled water stove, a general disease area considers one , volume ascertains that according to

18、us</p><p>　　6)Especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call administrative or tehcnical office, every consulting room , the hand movement water curing a room , washing a basin should set up

19、 mistake chew , may adopt elbow style , knee style or dyadic switch of pedal. If using the dyadic switch of pedal to must use the product guarding against leakage, the floor is to avoid using a place often damp , makes t

20、he patient , the medical personnel slip down , an accident happened. Operation waits </p><p>　　7)Many administrative or tehcnical office, especially downstream pipelines such as pickling bath , the pool disi

21、nfecting , develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room , the control laboratory , emitting section responds to of hospitals are adopt to be able to bear the rotten PVC2U draining off sile

22、nt stock tube. </p><p>　　8) Pair of filth , waste water of all kinds must classify strictly according to the country in connection with the effluent standard , the field carrying out a pertinency with differ

23、ent treatment handicraft deals with and handles.</p><p>　　9) Uses a function to need since the modern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only , wants to think that the interior outside environment is be

24、autiful too at the same time. The building needs especially door emergency call, cures skill sometimes because of medical treatment function , give the horizontal stroke draining away water , erect a tube arrange to lie

25、scattered comparatively, more bright dew is in interior, warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addition sometimes , make</p><p>　　10) Exchangers forms choice. In the system the tradition hospital

26、hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchanger. Have been to think that what be provided steam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amounts dispatching value between maximum value mainly , ha

27、ve diminished a steam boiler designing amounts , have decreased by boiler room Zhan field area , have saved one time investment. People demands but more highly, and more highly, especially the example discovering a</p

28、><p>　　二 multilayer water supply system </p><p>　　At present, great majority cities municipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above 2 kilograms in the homeland , take place indivi

29、dual small town water pressure can reach 4 kilograms even. The pressure therefore, building the municipal administration pipe network's to the same multilayer has been already sufficient , has been in a small town es

30、pecially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water , water pressure fluctuation are bigger. Have severa</p><p>　　1) Direct water supply type is that pressure , direct water

31、supply , sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of municipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity pressure inner. The shortco

32、ming it is water yield , water pressure to be able to not ensure that. This water supply scheme economy function is very good but, to less pipe network of scale , does not need any other equipment or measure.</p>

33、<p>　　2) Water box water supply types have led municipal administration pipe network water to roof water box , discrepancy in elevation , gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied

34、water , have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then. Since but, secondary pollution, moreover, water box volume that the water box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not enc

35、ourage therefore.</p><p>　　3) Water boxes , pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary time water yield water pressure is sufficient , unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering wat

36、er supply , overpressure as with a net directly from municipal administration, think that the water box supplies water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient. The main forc

37、e who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cut-over wate</p><p>　　4) Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor , reason why use the jar sealing of

38、f reliable pressure to replace, and the pressure jar does not need, high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a building bearing , go down well very much over the past few years. Pressure jar s

39、ystem requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but , feasible cost increases by to some extent. However, in the late years whose market price already lets many </p><p>　　5) Two time of

40、 compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer ,if the building , the pressure jar are only systematic. The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but, shows for the cl

41、uster arrangement that multilayer builds , concentrates stabilivolt mainly. The ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume , the water pump concentrates compression therefore having appeared give first pl

42、ace to, pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the s</p><p>　　2、外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　醫(yī)院建筑給水排水</b></p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展,新技術(shù)、新醫(yī)療設(shè)備層出不窮,從而與之相符的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)療建筑———醫(yī)院,也面臨著新的設(shè)計理念和新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用。無論

43、從醫(yī)院建筑物功能、其所處的環(huán)境,還是醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng),要求均愈來愈高。因?yàn)樗粌H是保障日常工作生活的需要,而且與救治病人、促進(jìn)康復(fù)、避免致殘、挽救生命緊密相關(guān)。作為給排水專業(yè)的設(shè)計不僅需要滿足醫(yī)院建筑中設(shè)備上不同功能的要求,而且必須安全可靠。下面根據(jù)醫(yī)院建筑中有關(guān)給水、排水各系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,從社會不斷發(fā)展和超前的理念方面談幾點(diǎn)體會</p><p><b>　　一 醫(yī)院給排水系統(tǒng)</b><

44、;/p><p>　　1) 現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院的設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)內(nèi)容繁多,功能特殊,要求很高。除了要求保證持續(xù)供給充分符合質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的用水外,更需要根據(jù)不同的醫(yī)療儀器以及不同科室對水質(zhì)、水壓、水溫的要求,分門別類設(shè)置水處理系統(tǒng)和對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行增減壓。 </p><p>　　2) 醫(yī)院的手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房的手術(shù)洗手水、衛(wèi)生通過淋浴水、牙科的牙科椅的口水宜采用凈化消毒水。國內(nèi)一些大型的、級別高的醫(yī)院中心供應(yīng)室,消毒中心也

45、采用了凈化消毒水,既保證無塵、無菌,消除致病源,避免感染,又減少設(shè)備微細(xì)管道的阻塞。</p><p>　　3) 醫(yī)院制劑室的制劑用水采用蒸餾水,并在制蒸餾水系統(tǒng)中設(shè)有局部增壓設(shè)施。具體制蒸餾水工藝應(yīng)根據(jù)不同醫(yī)院制劑工藝而定,給排水專業(yè)應(yīng)密切配合制劑工藝預(yù)留給排水管和配置相應(yīng)的冷卻水循環(huán)系統(tǒng),滿足其工藝對水質(zhì)、水量、水壓的要求。</p><p>　　4) 醫(yī)院手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房、嬰兒室、供應(yīng)室、皮

46、膚科的醫(yī)療病房,門急診、醫(yī)技各科室和職工后勤部門對熱水供應(yīng)的要求差異較大,需要分別設(shè)置熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。一般情況門急診、醫(yī)技科室、中心供應(yīng)室、職工后勤部門供應(yīng)熱水為定時供水,供應(yīng)時間比較一致。大部分醫(yī)院根據(jù)目前的財力,病房樓的熱水供應(yīng)基本為定時,而從長遠(yuǎn)角度來看,應(yīng)該是24 h 供應(yīng)熱水。手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房的手術(shù)洗手,衛(wèi)生通過的淋浴器應(yīng)該為24 h 供應(yīng)熱水,而且不能有任何間斷,熱水供應(yīng)安全可靠,水溫基本控制在人的正常體溫37 ℃左右,故一般熱水

47、供應(yīng)宜單獨(dú)成為一個系統(tǒng),以確保供應(yīng)熱水系統(tǒng)萬無一失。</p><p>　　5) 考慮到環(huán)境的美化,不宜采用蒸汽開水爐,從而杜絕蒸汽泄漏或疏水器排氣所引起病房樓的備餐間內(nèi)地面的潮濕,避免內(nèi)墻發(fā)霉現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。醫(yī)院不管大小,開水供應(yīng)都應(yīng)采用自動容積或電開水爐,一般一個病區(qū)考慮一臺,容積根據(jù)使用情況確定。一是便于護(hù)工管理;二是保證對病員的供應(yīng),同時改善病房內(nèi)部的環(huán)境。</p><p>　　6) 各

48、門急診科室,尤其是傳染科病房各診室、治療室、洗滌盆應(yīng)設(shè)非手動水咀,可采用肘式、膝式或腳踏式開關(guān)。如使用腳踏式開關(guān)一定要使用防滲漏的產(chǎn)品,以免使用處地面經(jīng)常潮濕,使病員、醫(yī)務(wù)人員滑倒,發(fā)生事故。手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房手術(shù)等洗手應(yīng)采用恒溫混水閥,恒溫出水,以紅外線感應(yīng)電磁閥控制方式為好。醫(yī)技科室的部分化驗(yàn)室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室有特殊要求,水咀應(yīng)根據(jù)各科室功能的要求來確定其水咀的形式。</p><p>　　7) 醫(yī)院的許多科室,尤其是檢驗(yàn)室

49、、化驗(yàn)室、放射科等科室中的酸洗池、消毒池、洗片池等下水管道應(yīng)采用耐腐的PVC2U 排水塑料管。</p><p>　　8) 對各類污、廢水必須嚴(yán)格按國家有關(guān)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分門別類,用不同的處理工藝進(jìn)行針對性地處置和處理。</p><p>　　9) 由于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院不僅要滿足使用功能需要,同時還要考慮室內(nèi)外環(huán)境美觀。尤其是門急診、醫(yī)技樓往往由于醫(yī)療功能需要,給排水橫、立管布置較為散亂,較多的明露在室內(nèi),

50、有時加之暖通專業(yè)的管道,使房間內(nèi)明露的管道過多,既不雅觀,又影響衛(wèi)生。這就要求在工程設(shè)計過程中,應(yīng)充分利用不同的結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行合理布置,根據(jù)功能需要盡量使各種管道隱蔽布置,在不影響使用的前提下,注意美觀得體。當(dāng)然,這些需要建筑結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)密切配合和結(jié)構(gòu)形式的合理。另外,隨著醫(yī)院建筑中設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)增多,管道的數(shù)量大大增加,合理、綜合布置各系統(tǒng)在平面吊頂內(nèi)的管道則能降低建筑層高,減少投資。如在病房樓設(shè)計中,往往首層吊頂和地下室頂部為各專業(yè)管道的

51、集合地,各專業(yè)有各專業(yè)的規(guī)范和要求,往往各自布置,其結(jié)果要么增加建筑層高,要么顧此失彼。為了克服這一弊端,一般應(yīng)考慮將較大的風(fēng)管布置在最上方,其下方為幾個專業(yè)布置支管的公用空間,再下方是布置給排水、動力、強(qiáng)、弱電各系統(tǒng)干管。這樣布置比其他形式布置較為經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用。</p><p>　　10) 熱交換器形式的選擇。傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)院熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)中,人們基本上采用容積式熱交換器。主要是考慮所提供蒸汽量與熱水供應(yīng)最大值之間差值的

52、調(diào)節(jié)量,減小了蒸汽鍋爐設(shè)計量,減少了鍋爐房占地面積,節(jié)約了一次性投資。然而現(xiàn)在人們對水質(zhì)要求愈來愈高,尤其是生活熱水中發(fā)現(xiàn)軍團(tuán)菌致病的實(shí)例,引起人們的高度重視。主要是因?yàn)樵?0 ℃～55 ℃水中最容易繁殖軍團(tuán)菌,為此世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO) 推薦:“熱水應(yīng)在60 ℃以上儲存,并至少在50 ℃以上循環(huán)。如某些使用者,需要將水龍頭水溫降至40 ℃或50 ℃左右,這時可以使用調(diào)溫混合閥來實(shí)現(xiàn)。為保證蓄水溫度不利于肺炎雙球菌的生長,該調(diào)節(jié)閥應(yīng)設(shè)定

53、在靠近關(guān)停點(diǎn)的地方”。這點(diǎn)對醫(yī)院尤為重要。因?yàn)樽≡旱氖怯胁〉娜跽?如在醫(yī)院內(nèi)發(fā)生軍團(tuán)菌則不利于病員治療與康復(fù),醫(yī)院責(zé)任重大。目前醫(yī)院內(nèi)尤其是一些條件較差的小醫(yī)院,包括部分區(qū)級醫(yī)院,不能24 h 供應(yīng)熱水,并且容積式交換器內(nèi)水溫是以梯形狀態(tài)分布,在熱交換器內(nèi)部很難使水溫保持在60 ℃左右。從而導(dǎo)致容積式熱交換器內(nèi)供應(yīng)熱水系統(tǒng)管道中產(chǎn)生軍團(tuán)菌,改變醫(yī)院使用熱交換器形式應(yīng)是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。采用半即熱式或即熱式熱交換器,使其熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)水</p

54、><p><b>　　二 多層給水系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　目前，國內(nèi)大多數(shù)城市的市政管網(wǎng)壓力可以維持在2公斤以上，個別小城鎮(zhèn)的出水壓力甚至可以達(dá)到4公斤。因此，對于一般的多層建筑市政管網(wǎng)的壓力已經(jīng)足夠了，但是由于市政管網(wǎng)的供水水量、水壓波動較大，尤其在小城鎮(zhèn)。為了克服這些缺點(diǎn)，多層給水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計主要有以下幾種類型。</p><p>　　1

55、）直接供水型 就是直接利用市政管網(wǎng)的壓力，直接供水，一般適用于市政管網(wǎng)壓力稍高的地區(qū)或水廠附近壓力較高的范圍內(nèi)。缺點(diǎn)就是水量、水壓不能保證。但是，對于規(guī)模較小的管網(wǎng)這種供水方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性能很好，不需要任何其他設(shè)備或措施。</p><p>　　2）水箱供水型 將市政管網(wǎng)的水引至屋頂水箱，然后靠水箱與用水器具的高差，重力供水，克服了水壓水量的不穩(wěn)定性。但是，由于水箱可能存在的二次污染，而且，水箱體積較大，因此這種方式不

56、提倡。</p><p>　　3）水箱、管網(wǎng)聯(lián)合型 平時水量水壓足夠時，直接由市政網(wǎng)供水，超壓時，多余水進(jìn)入屋頂水箱，當(dāng)壓力或水量不足時，水箱靠重力自動向用戶供水。物理結(jié)構(gòu)上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸頂接入水箱，并由水箱設(shè)一出水管。該方案減小了水箱的體積，并使水不需要都進(jìn)入水箱停留這一步驟，衛(wèi)生可靠性增加。但是問題就是如果長時間的穩(wěn)壓供水（現(xiàn)在的市政管網(wǎng)可以辦到的），水箱中的水的停留時間反而大大增加，更容易受污染

57、。而且，所有使用水箱的系統(tǒng)中水箱都必須放在建筑的最高處，在某些場合會影響建筑的美觀，甚至建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。</p><p>　　4）氣壓罐供水 由于水箱的不安全因素，所以用密封可靠的氣壓罐代替，而且，氣壓罐不需要高位擺放，不影響建筑美觀與結(jié)構(gòu)承重，近幾年很受歡迎。但是氣壓罐系統(tǒng)需要水泵和自動控制系統(tǒng)得配合，使得成本有所增加。不過，近年其市場價格已經(jīng)讓很多用戶能夠選擇。氣壓罐系統(tǒng)的原理就是利用水泵將水加壓送進(jìn)建筑內(nèi)部

58、管網(wǎng)，當(dāng)壓力過大時，水進(jìn)入氣壓罐，達(dá)到一定壓力時，水泵停車或減速；當(dāng)壓力小于規(guī)定值時，氣壓罐向外輸水并同時啟動水泵或加速（變頻水泵）。</p><p>　　5）二次加壓型 對于，小規(guī)模的用戶，如單幢建筑，氣壓罐系統(tǒng)可以應(yīng)付。但是，目前住宅向小區(qū)化的方向發(fā)展，主要表現(xiàn)為多層建筑的集群布置，集中穩(wěn)壓。以氣壓罐的容積能力不能滿足要求，所以出現(xiàn)了水泵集中加壓為主，氣壓罐穩(wěn)壓(消除系統(tǒng)水錘)為輔的方式。只是經(jīng)濟(jì)成本上升，也