基于modelica的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫的車輛動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)建模畢業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Modelling of Vehicle Powertrains with the Modelica</p><p>　　PowerTrain Library</p><p>　　Jakub Tobol a r ,Martin Otter ,Tilman Bunte</p><p>　　ABSTRACT：Modern power trains

2、increasingly include mechatronic components. Moreover, the correlation with vehicle dynamics and comfort is significant for power train development. Therefore,a holistic i.e. Multiphysics approach is essential for the dy

3、namic analysis in the design process. Hence, the multidisciplinary object oriented modelling language Modelica provides an ideal basis for simulations. This article describes both the basics and some application examples

4、 of powertrain modelling using </p><p>　　Zusammenfassung:Dealing with the modelling of multiphysical automotive applications, the object-oriented modelling language Modelica is widely used, see e. g. [1, 2,

5、3, 4]. This modelling language is designed to allow convenient, component-oriented modelling of complex physical systems, e.g., systems containing mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic, thermal, control,electric

6、power or process-oriented subcomponents (see [13]). The free Modelica language,free Modelica libraries and Modelic</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Dealing with the modelling of multiphysical auto

7、motive applications, the object-oriented modelling language Modelica is widely used, see e. g. [1, 2, 3, 4]. This modelling language is designed to allow convenient, component-oriented modelling of complex physical syste

8、ms, e.g., systems containing mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic, thermal, control, electric power or process-oriented </p><p>　　subcomponents (see [13]). The free Modelica language, free Modelica

9、libraries and Modelica simulation tools are available, ready-to-use and have been utilised in demanding industrial applications, including hardware-in-the loop simulations.</p><p>　　Based on the Modelica lan

10、guage, a library called ”PowerTrain” has been developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), see also [9, 10, 11, 12]. It is useful for the modelling of a wide range of power train specific problems including optimisati

11、on of switch strategies for automatic transmissions, modelling of gearboxes with speed and torque dependent losses or realtime simulations. The library includes both easy to use and rather sophisticated components to mod

12、el complete powertrains. As a matte</p><p>　　The following sections make a short introduction to the most important packages and components of the PowerTrain library (see Section 2). In addition, the interop

13、erability between different automotive model libraries in terms of the VehicleInterfaces library is shown in Section 3. Finally, examples of powertrain modelling are discussed in Section 4.</p><p>　　2. Model

14、ica Power Train library</p><p>　　In this section the PowerTrain library, its structure, conceptual design and some other features will be shortly introduced.</p><p>　　2.1. Components</p>

15、<p>　　For Modelica based modelling and simulation of vehicle powertrains, Modelica Standard Library [13] is used utilising mechanical, electrical, electronic and hydraulic elements.Moreover, to facilitate powertrain

16、 specific modelling the PowerTrain library contains many particular components. Some of the common components are described in more detail in the following.</p><p>　　Especially for manual and automatic trans

17、mission models laminar clutches and free wheels are implemented and summarised in the Power Train library package Clutches, see Figure 1 below for package overview. With the lamella clutches – optionally with thermal con

18、duction – the input is the contact pressure to engage the clutch. Connecting in series a free wheel and a laminar clutch, the ”O(jiān)ne Way Laminar Clutch” component can be used for e. g. planetary gearsets.</p><p&

19、gt;　　The Power Train package Shafts contains shaft components necessary to develop the driveline and transmission models either as one-dimensional or multibody elements. Besides the common rigid shaft, the key component

20、required is the flexible shaft, which allows the twisting of a shaft to be modelled. In its simplest form the flexible shaft consists of two rotational inertias connected by a combined linear rotational spring-damper. Th

21、is shaft can be used to model low frequency effects such as shuff</p><p>　　Additionally, the flexible shaft can easily be adjusted to model higher frequency effects as it can contain a variable number of ela

22、stic and inertia components evenly distributed across this element</p><p>　　The mounts typically used to suspend the power train within the vehicle chassis are designed using the Mounting Systems package. Th

23、e reaction forces in the x, y and z directions are introduced but they leave the power train free to rotate. Both linear and nonlinear characteristics are applicable.</p><p>　　For a gear set or a differentia

24、l gear modelling, basic gear components – included in the package Gears – are available; e. g. the two components ”Planet Planet” and ”Planet Ring”enable any type of planetary gearbox to be constructed. With most of the

25、gear elements both the torque dependent losses as well as mesh losses (gear tooth contact losses) are taken into account. An example is shown in Figure 2 where a Wolfrom type planetary gear with losses is constructed wit

26、h the Planet Planet and Plane</p><p>　　It would not be possible to determine this value using a static model where the gear shafts are not rotating. This is because the friction between the teeth would be in

27、 the stuck mode and the friction torques are then computed implicitly from the requirement that the shaft accelerations are zero. This is correctly described by the presented lossy model.</p><p>　　2.2. Incor

28、poration of 3D effects</p><p>　　In [11], a concept for reproducing three-dimensional (3D) mechanical effects of onedimensionally (1D) modelled power trains was presented. The idea is to model transmission el

29、ements with their mostly 1D rotating behaviour in a convenient way with 1D model components. Due to the simplicity of the 1D equations, this results in a very efficient simulation code. When these 1D components are mount

30、ed on systems moving in 3D space</p><p>　　Figure 1: Overview of some component packages of the Power Train library. Clockwise from the top, Shafts, Gears, Clutches, Mounting Systems.</p><p>　　Fi

31、gure 2: Object diagram of a Wolfrom type planetary gearbox with losses implemented using the improved Planet Planet and Planet Ring components.</p><p>　　Figure 3: Object diagram of test model to determine ge

32、ar ratio and gear efficiency between flanges A and B of a Wolfrom planetary gearbox.</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　基于Modelica的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫的車輛動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)建模</p><p>　　Jakub Tobol a r ,M

33、artin Otter ,Tilman Bunte</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　摘要：越來越多的現(xiàn)代動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)包括機(jī)電一體化組件。此外，車輛動(dòng)力學(xué)和舒適性的相關(guān)性對動(dòng)力總成的發(fā)展具有重要意義。因此，因此，一個(gè)整體即多物理場的方法是設(shè)計(jì)過程中的動(dòng)態(tài)分析的基本。所以，多學(xué)科的面向?qū)ο蠼ＵZ言Modelica為仿真提供了一個(gè)理想的基礎(chǔ)。本文

34、介紹了基礎(chǔ)知識和一些使用Modelica“動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”庫建立動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)模型的應(yīng)用實(shí)例。除此之外，它包括特定任務(wù)的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序模型，效率考慮因素，以及三維效果，比如陀螺現(xiàn)象。最后，顯示一些動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的仿真實(shí)例的結(jié)果。</p><p><b>　　1.引言</b></p><p>　　在處理多物理場的汽車應(yīng)用建模，面向?qū)ο蟮慕ＵZ言Modelica是廣泛使用的，例如[

35、1，2，3，4 ]。設(shè)計(jì)這種建模語言考慮到實(shí)用性，面向復(fù)雜物理系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)件建模，例如，系統(tǒng)包括機(jī)械，電氣，電子，液壓，熱，控制，電力或面向過程的子組件（見[ 13 ]）。免費(fèi)的Modelica語言，免費(fèi)的Modelica圖書館和Modelica仿真工具是可以使用的，這已被用在要求苛刻的工業(yè)應(yīng)用中，包括硬件在環(huán)仿真。</p><p>　　基于Modelica語言的“動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”庫已在德國航空航天中心（DLR）開發(fā)，

36、參見[ 9，10，11，12 ]。它可以執(zhí)行范圍廣泛的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)具體問題的建模，包括自動(dòng)變速器的開關(guān)策略的優(yōu)化，變速箱的建模與速度和轉(zhuǎn)矩相關(guān)的損失或?qū)崟r(shí)模擬。該庫包括易于使用和相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的組件模型的完整的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。通常，它不提供所有特定需求的組件。但是，所有組件的代碼是透明的，可以由用戶修改或擴(kuò)展。</p><p>　　以下章節(jié)簡要介紹動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫中最重要的軟件包和組件（見第2節(jié)）。此外，在vehicleinter

37、faces庫術(shù)語不同的汽車模型庫之間的互操作性是在3部分所示。最后，動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)模型的例子進(jìn)行了討論，在第4節(jié)。</p><p>　　2. Modelica動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫</p><p>　　在本節(jié)中，動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫的結(jié)構(gòu)，概念設(shè)計(jì)和一些其他功能將被簡單地介紹。</p><p>　　組件:對于基于模型化和汽車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真的Modelica ，Modelica標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

38、庫是利用機(jī)械，電氣，電子和液壓元件。此外，為了便于動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的具體建模，動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫包含許多特定的組件。一些常見的組件更詳細(xì)地描述如下。</p><p>　　特別是手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)變速器的離合器和飛輪模型層在動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)庫離合器包被實(shí)現(xiàn)和概述，參見下圖1包的概述。片離合器-可選熱傳導(dǎo)-輸入是運(yùn)動(dòng)離合器的接觸壓力。在一系列自由輪和層流離合器連接，“OneWayLaminarClutch”組件可以使用，例如，行星齒輪組

39、。</p><p>　　動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)軸包包括必須開發(fā)的一維或多元素的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和傳輸模型的軸組件。除了普通的剛性軸外，關(guān)鍵部件是柔性軸，它通過軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)來建模。在其最簡單的形式的柔性軸是由一個(gè)聯(lián)合線性旋轉(zhuǎn)彈簧阻尼器連接的兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量組成的。此軸可以用來模擬低頻效應(yīng)，如通常發(fā)生在2和10赫茲范圍之間的移動(dòng)</p><p>　　此外，繞行軸可以很容易地調(diào)整，以模擬更高的頻率的影響，因?yàn)樗勺償?shù)

40、量的均勻分布在這個(gè)元素的彈性和慣性元件。</p><p>　　使用安裝系統(tǒng)包來設(shè)計(jì)通常在汽車底盤懸掛動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的車輛。在x，y和z方向上產(chǎn)生反作用力，但這些力允許動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的自由旋轉(zhuǎn)。線性和非線性特性都是適用的。</p><p>　　對于一齒輪組或差動(dòng)齒輪的建模，基本齒輪組件（包括齒輪包）是可用的；例如“PlanetPlanet”和“PlanetRing” 兩組件使任何類型的行星齒輪箱

41、可以被構(gòu)建。大多數(shù)的齒輪元件的轉(zhuǎn)矩相關(guān)損耗，以及嚙合損耗（輪齒接觸損耗）被考慮在內(nèi)。圖2所示，弗羅姆型行星齒輪的損失用PlanetPlanet和PlanetRing組件構(gòu)建。</p><p>　　使用這些基本損耗元件構(gòu)造的行星齒輪箱的整體傳動(dòng)比和效率可以用圖3所示的例子來計(jì)算。假如每個(gè)齒輪的齒數(shù)和每個(gè)網(wǎng)格的效率是已知的，可以計(jì)算出整體齒輪效率。</p><p>　　用不旋轉(zhuǎn)得齒輪軸靜態(tài)模型

42、來確定這個(gè)值是不可能的。這是因?yàn)檩嘄X之間的摩擦將處于卡住狀態(tài)，然后按照軸加速度為零的要求計(jì)算隱式摩擦力矩。這是正確描述所提出的有損模型。</p><p>　　圖1：動(dòng)力總成庫的一些組件包概述。</p><p>　　順時(shí)針方向從頂部依次為軸、齒輪、離合器、安裝系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　圖2：一個(gè)使用改進(jìn)planetplanet和planetring</p>