文獻翻譯—— 火災警報系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　Fire Alarm System</p><p>　　The traditional electronic safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarmfrom the scene or reports to the po

2、lice through the special electriccable near distance, thus causes people's vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus maysay is the class is multitudinous. As a result of

3、the alarm apparatus rapid development and the social each domain anxious need, can the application domain be more a</p><p>　　In recent years, the infrared alarmapparatus already became reports to the police

4、a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, therefore had the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Theinfrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide

5、into the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the infrared acquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, these nsitivity high, the </p><p>　

6、　With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting

7、 equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire

8、 and fire prevention measures.</p><p>　　For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance .</p><p>　　In the modern urban family, because of lot of people

9、 do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Goog leruined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caus

10、ed so that people should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination of </p><p>　　

11、The United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the cau

12、ses of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head. </p&

13、gt;<p>　　Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must alw

14、ays pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable.</p><p>　　Automatic fire alarm system is in o

15、rder to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the f

16、ire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a cent

17、ral control system. From </p><p>　　Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals t

18、hrough the detector alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing t

19、he room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is locate</p><p>　　Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and

20、 other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities,by temperat

21、ure.Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire record of the time. Genera</p><p>　　(A) of

22、 the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire

23、parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire response parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detecto

24、rs, smoke detector, sensitive fire detectors, combusti</p><p>　　(B) the fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and

25、control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power;

26、 detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors Shuchu; Jinxing </p><p>　　The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power

27、, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or syste

28、m failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, with priority being given fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again. </p

29、><p>　　(C) fire alarms in automatic fire alarm system to send different from the environment, sound, light the fire alarm signal device called the fire alarms. It sound, light and sound approach to the issue of

30、 fire alarm signals alarm area to warn people to adopt safe evacuation, fire fighting and rescue measures.</p><p>　　(D) Fire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm, a

31、utomatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device,

32、fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system and air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back do</p><p>　　(E) fire

33、 alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm system power controller, power supply, but also r

34、elated to the system for the fire control equipment such as power supply.</p><p><b>　　火災警報系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)電子安全報警系統(tǒng)主要是通過傳感器自動檢測，產(chǎn)生報警信號，從現(xiàn)場發(fā)出報警信號或通過專門電纜近距離報警，從而引起人們的警覺。通過多年的研究和發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在的

35、報警器可以說是門類眾多。由于報警器的飛速發(fā)展和社會各個領域的急切需要，能應用的領域越來越多，特別是在民用領域更是急速發(fā)展。</p><p>　　近年來，紅外線報警器已經(jīng)成為報警領域的一個熱點，由于其采用的是不可見的紅外線探測，所以具有隱蔽性好、安全等特點。紅外線傳感器按機理不同可以分為光探測型和熱探測型。光探測傳感器是利用光子效應的紅外探測器。這類傳感器響應速度快、靈敏度高、檢測特性好，但需要冷卻，使用不方便。而

36、且器件的檢測靈敏度與紅外波長有關。熱探測傳感器是利用熱釋電效應的紅外探測器。在接收到目標的紅外輻射后溫度升高，溫度的升高又引起傳感器內(nèi)部某些物理量的變化，通過檢測物理量的變化來確定紅外線輻射。這類傳感器在室溫條件下工作，檢測靈敏度也很高，響應速度也很快，而且與紅外線輻射波長無關，可探測功率只受背景輻射的限制，應用很方便。本文設計的是被動式熱釋電紅外探測器。文 中主要論述了熱釋電的原理、熱釋電探測器的特性、BISS0001傳感信號處理器、

37、555定時器組成的多諧振蕩報警電路等內(nèi)容。最后設計完成了熱釋電紅外探測報警器的硬件電路。</p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)代家庭用火、用電量的增加，家庭火災發(fā)生的頻率越來越高。家庭火災一旦發(fā)生，很容易出現(xiàn)撲救不及時、滅火器材缺乏及在場人驚慌失措、逃生遲緩等不利因素，最終導致重大生命財產(chǎn)損失。探討家庭火災的特點及防火對策， 對于預防家庭火災，減少火災損失具有現(xiàn)實意義。在現(xiàn)代城市家庭里，許多人因不懂家庭安全常識引起火災事故

38、，使好端端的幸福家庭轉(zhuǎn)眼間毀于一旦,有的導致家破人亡,而且一旦發(fā)生居民家庭火災，處置不當、報警遲緩,是造成人員受害的原因。人們應該積極了解家庭火災的主要起因，掌握防止發(fā)生火災的知識和萬一發(fā)生火災時保護自己的方法,及時消除隱患。 英國每年發(fā)生50000起以上的嚴重家庭火災，其中大部分火災造成人員傷亡和重大的家庭財產(chǎn)損失，有的還連累左鄰右舍，火災損失更加慘重。在調(diào)查火災起因的時候，絕大多數(shù)發(fā)生火災家庭的當事人說，以前總覺得火災是人家的事情，

39、與自己離得很遠，沒有想到這一次竟然會發(fā)生在自己的頭上。 </p><p>　　家庭火災的主要原因是麻痹大意，沒有及時采取預防措施。在我國的一些大中城市，幾乎每天都發(fā)生家庭火災，所以防火是每個家庭必須時刻注意的問題。假如能根據(jù)您家的實際情況預先采取簡單的防火措施，一些悲劇是完全可以避免的。</p><p>　　火災自動報警系統(tǒng)是人們?yōu)榱嗽缙诎l(fā)現(xiàn)通報火災，并及時采取有效措施，控制和撲滅火災，而

40、設置在建筑物中或其它場所的一種自動消防設施，是人們同火災作斗爭的有力工具?；馂膱缶到y(tǒng)，一般由火災探測器、區(qū)域報警器和集中報警器組成；也可以根據(jù)工程的要求同各種滅火設施和通訊裝置聯(lián)動，以形成中心控制系統(tǒng)。即由自動報警、自動滅火、安全疏散誘導、系統(tǒng)過程顯示、消防檔案管理等組成一個完整的消防控制系統(tǒng)?；馂奶綔y器是探測火災的儀器，由于在火災發(fā)生的階段，將伴隨產(chǎn)生煙霧、高溫格火光。這些煙、熱和光可以通過探測器轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娦盘枅缶蚴棺詣訙缁鹣到y(tǒng)啟動

41、，及時撲滅火災。區(qū)域報警器能將所在樓層之探測器發(fā)出的信號轉(zhuǎn)換為聲光報警，并在屏幕上顯示出火災的房間號；同時還能監(jiān)視若干樓層的集中報警器（如果監(jiān)視整個大樓的則設于消防控制中心）輸出信號或控制自動滅火系統(tǒng)。集中報警是將接收到的信號以聲光方式顯示出來，其屏幕上也具體顯示出著火的樓層和房間號，機上停走的時鐘記錄下首次報警時間性，利用本機專用電話，還可迅速發(fā)出指示和向消防隊報警。此外，也可以控制有關的滅火系統(tǒng)或?qū)⒒馂男盘杺鬏斀o消防控制室。<

42、/p><p><b>　　系統(tǒng)組成</b></p><p>　　火災自動報警系統(tǒng)是由觸發(fā)器件、火災報警裝置、火災警報裝置以及具有其它輔助功能的裝置組成火災報警系統(tǒng)按鈕的火災報警系統(tǒng)。它能夠在火災初期，將燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧、熱量和光輻射等物理量，通過感溫。感煙和感光等火災探測器變成電信號，傳輸?shù)交馂膱缶刂破?，并同時顯示出火災發(fā)生的部位，記錄火災發(fā)生的時間。一般火災自動報警系統(tǒng)

43、和自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng)、室內(nèi)消火栓系統(tǒng)、防排煙系統(tǒng)、通風系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、防火門、防火卷簾、擋煙垂壁等相關設備聯(lián)動，自動或手動發(fā)出指令、啟動相應的裝置。</p><p>　　觸發(fā)器件 在火災自動報警系統(tǒng)中，自動或手動產(chǎn)生火災報警信號的器件稱為觸發(fā)件，主要包括火災探測器和手動火災報警按鈕?；馂奶綔y器是能對火災參數(shù)(如煙、溫度、火焰輻射、氣體濃度等)響應，并自動產(chǎn)生火災報警信號的器件。按響應火災參數(shù)的不同，火災探測器分成感

44、溫火災探測器、感煙火災探測器、感光火災探測器、可燃氣體探測器和復合火災探測器五種基本類型。不同類型的火災探測器適用于不同類型的火災和不同的場所。手動火災報警按鈕是手動方式產(chǎn)生火災報警信號、啟動火災自動報警系統(tǒng)的器件，也是火災自動報警系統(tǒng)中不可缺少的組成部分之一。 </p><p>　　(二)火災報警裝置 在火災自動報警系統(tǒng)中，用以接收、顯示和傳遞火災報警信號，并能發(fā)出控制信號和具有其它輔助功能的控制指示設備稱為火

45、災報警裝置?；馂膱缶刂破骶褪瞧渲凶罨镜囊环N。火災報警控制器擔負著為火災探測器提供穩(wěn)定的工作電源；監(jiān)視探測器及系統(tǒng)自身的工作狀態(tài)；接收、轉(zhuǎn)換、處理火災探測器輸出的報警信號；進行聲光報警；指示報警的具體部位及時間；同時執(zhí)行相應輔助控制等諸多任務。是火災報警系統(tǒng)中的核心組成部分。 在火災報警裝置中，還有一些如中斷器、區(qū)域顯示器、火災顯示 盤等功能能不完整的報警裝置，它們可視為火災報警控制器的演變或補充。在特定條件下應用，與火災報警控制器同

46、屬火災報警裝置?；馂膱缶刂破鞯幕竟δ苤饕校褐麟?、備電自動轉(zhuǎn)換，備用電源充電功能，電源故障監(jiān)測功能，電源工作狀態(tài)指標功能，為探測器回路供電功能，控測器或系統(tǒng)故障聲光報警，火災聲、光報警、火災報警記憶功能，時鐘單元功能，火災報警優(yōu)先報故障功能，聲報警音響消音及再次聲響報警功能。</p><p>　　(三)火災警報裝置 在火災自動報警系統(tǒng)中，用以發(fā)出區(qū)別于環(huán)境聲、光的火災警報信號的裝置稱為火災警報裝置。它以聲、光

47、音響方式向報警區(qū)域發(fā)出火災警報信號，以警示人們采取安全疏散、滅火救災措施。 </p><p>　　(四)消防控制設備 在火災自動報警系統(tǒng)中，當接收到火災報警后，能自動或手動啟動相關消防設備并顯示其狀態(tài)的設備，稱為消防控制設備。主要包括火災報警控制器，自動滅火系統(tǒng)的控制裝置，室內(nèi)消火栓系統(tǒng)的控制裝置，防煙排煙系統(tǒng)及空調(diào)通風系統(tǒng)的控制裝置，常開防火門，防火卷簾的控制裝置，電梯回降控制裝置，以及火災應急廣播、火災警

48、報裝置、消防通信設備、火災應急照明與疏散指示標志的控制裝置等控制裝置中的部分或全部。消防控制設備一般設置在消防控制中心，以便于實行集中統(tǒng)一控制。也有的消防控制設備設置在被控消防設備所在現(xiàn)場，但其動作信號則必須返回消防控制室，實行集中與分散相結(jié)合的控制方式。</p><p>　　(五)電源 火災自動報警系統(tǒng)屬于消防用電設備，其主電源應當采用消防電源，備用電采用蓄電池。系統(tǒng)電源除為火災報警控制器供電外，還為與系統(tǒng)相關