數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)--中英文翻譯

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件：1.外文原文2.外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　2014年6月</b></p><p><b>　　附件一：</b></p><p>　　Characteristics of CNC machine tool

2、s</p><p>　　CNC machine operation and monitoring of all completed in the numerical control unit, which is the brains of CNC machine tools. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC machine tools has the fo

3、llowing characteristics:</p><p>　　（1） high precision, stable processing quality; </p><p>　?。?） can be multi-axis linkage, can process complex shape parts; </p><p>　　（3） processing p

4、art changes, generally only need to change the NC program, saving the production time to prepare; </p><p>　?。?） high precision machine tool itself, rigidity, can choose the amount of benefit processing, prod

5、uction rate (usually as an ordinary machine 3 to 5 times); </p><p>　?。?） high degree of automation tools, can reduce labor intensity; </p><p>　　（6） the quality of the operators require a higher

6、technical requirements on higher maintenance staff. </p><p>　　CNC machine tools generally consists of the following components:</p><p>　　（1） host, he is the subject of CNC machine tools, includi

7、ng machine tools, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. He is used to complete a variety of machining mechanical parts. </p><p>　　（2） CNC equipment, CNC machine tools is the core, inclu

8、ding the hardware (printed circuit boards, CRT monitors, key boxes, paper tape reader, etc.) and the corresponding software for digital input part program, and complete the input information storage, data transformation,

9、 interpolation operations and achieve a variety of control functions. </p><p>　?。?） drive, he was the implementing agencies CNC drive components, including the spindle drive unit, feed unit, spindle motor an

10、d feed motor. He was under the control of the NC device electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system to achieve through the spindle and feed drive. When several feed linkage, you can complete the position, line, plane cu

11、rves and space curves processing. </p><p>　?。?） assist device, the index control machine tools necessary supporting components to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lub

12、rication, lighting, monitoring. It consists of hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip equipment, pallet, NC rotary table and CNC dividing head, including tools and monitoring detection devices. </p><p>　?。?）

13、Programming and other ancillary equipment, can be used to machine the part outside the programming and storage. </p><p>　　Since 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed the world since the first

14、 CNC machine tools, CNC machine tools in manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries has been widely used, digital technology both in hardware and software have rapid developm

15、ent. </p><p>　　Classification and application of CNC machine tools</p><p>　?。?） use classification by technology </p><p>　　Metal cutting type machine tools, including CNC lathes, CN

16、C drilling, CNC milling, CNC grinding machines, CNC boring hair and processing center. These machines are suitable for single pieces, small batch and multiple varieties and parts processing, has good processing size cons

17、istency, high productivity and automation, and high equipment flexibility. </p><p>　　CNC machine metal forming type; such machines, including CNC bending machines, CNC combined punch, CNC bending machine, CN

18、C turret press and so on. </p><p>　　CNC machine tools; such machines, including CNC wire (electrode) cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC flame cutting machines, CNC laser cutting machine, special machine tool and

19、so on. </p><p>　　Other types of numerical control equipment; non-processing equipment using digital technology, such as automatic assembly machine, multi-coordinate measuring machines, automatic drawing mach

20、ines and industrial robots. </p><p>　?。?）classified according to movement pattern </p><p>　　Position control; point control of CNC machine tools is characterized by moving parts of the machine c

21、an be achieved only from one location to another precise movement and positioning of the process in motion without any processing operations. Such as CNC drilling machines, a few at coordinate boring machine, CNC welding

22、 and tube bending machines. </p><p>　　Linear control; point linear control characteristic is not only moving parts of the machine coordinates to achieve a precise location to another movement and positioning

23、, but also to achieve a straight line parallel to the axis feed movement or control of the two oblique axes to achieve line feed movement. </p><p>　　Contour control; contour control the characteristics of CN

24、C machine tools is the machine moving parts to achieve two axes simultaneously control linkage. It requires not only control the moving parts of machine starting and ending coordinates of the location, but also for contr

25、ol of the process the speed of each point and the displacement, which called for control of the trajectories of the part processed into the plane straight line, curve or surface in space . </p><p>　?。?） Clas

26、sification by control </p><p>　　Open-loop control; that position feedback devices without control. </p><p>　　Semi-closed loop control; refers to the open-loop control with servo motor shaft angu

27、lar displacement detecting device, by detecting the servo motor to detect indirectly the corner of the displacement of moving parts back to the NC device comparator compares the input command, with the difference value c

28、ontrols the moving parts. </p><p>　　Closed-loop control; is in the final of the moving parts of machine corresponding direct linear or rotary position detection device, will be directly measured value of dis

29、placement or angular displacement feedback to the CNC device with comparator compares the input command shift, with the difference value control moving parts, so that moving parts in strict accordance with the actual nee

30、ds of the displacement movement. </p><p>　?。?） control of machines by the number of performance categories </p><p>　　Economical CNC machine tools; </p><p>　　Mid-range of CNC machine

31、 tools; </p><p>　　High-end CNC machine tools; </p><p>　　（5） CNC equipment used by way of fractional composition of </p><p>　　Hard-line numerical control system; </p><p>

32、;　　Soft-line numerical control system; </p><p><b>　　附件二：</b></p><p><b>　　數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作和監(jiān)控全部在這個(gè)數(shù)控單元中完成，它是數(shù)控機(jī)床的大腦。與普通機(jī)床相比，數(shù)控機(jī)床有如下特點(diǎn)：</p>

33、<p>　?。?）加工精度高，具有穩(wěn)定的加工質(zhì)量；</p><p>　　（2）可進(jìn)行多坐標(biāo)的聯(lián)動(dòng)，能加工形狀復(fù)雜的零件；</p><p>　?。?）加工零件改變時(shí)，一般只需要更改數(shù)控程序，可節(jié)省生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間；</p><p>　?。?）機(jī)床本身的精度高、剛性大,可選擇有利的加工用量，生產(chǎn)率高（一般為普通機(jī)床的3~5倍）；</p><p&

34、gt;　?。?）機(jī)床自動(dòng)化程度高，可以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度；</p><p>　?。?）對(duì)操作人員的素質(zhì)要求較高，對(duì)維修人員的技術(shù)要求更高。</p><p>　　數(shù)控機(jī)床一般由下列幾個(gè)部分組成：</p><p>　?。?）主機(jī)，他是數(shù)控機(jī)床的主題，包括機(jī)床身、立柱、主軸、進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)等機(jī)械部件。他是用于完成各種切削加工的機(jī)械部件。</p><p>　?。?/p>

35、2）數(shù)控裝置，是數(shù)控機(jī)床的核心，包括硬件（印刷電路板、CRT顯示器、鍵盒、紙帶閱讀機(jī)等）以及相應(yīng)的軟件，用于輸入數(shù)字化的零件程序，并完成輸入信息的存儲(chǔ)、數(shù)據(jù)的變換、插補(bǔ)運(yùn)算以及實(shí)現(xiàn)各種控制功能。</p><p>　?。?）驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，他是數(shù)控機(jī)床執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)部件，包括主軸驅(qū)動(dòng)單元、進(jìn)給單元、主軸電機(jī)及進(jìn)給電機(jī)等。他在數(shù)控裝置的控制下通過(guò)電氣或電液伺服系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)主軸和進(jìn)給驅(qū)動(dòng)。當(dāng)幾個(gè)進(jìn)給聯(lián)動(dòng)時(shí)，可以完成定位、直線(xiàn)、平

36、面曲線(xiàn)和空間曲線(xiàn)的加工。</p><p>　　（4）輔助裝置，指數(shù)控機(jī)床的一些必要的配套部件，用以保證數(shù)控機(jī)床的運(yùn)行，如冷卻、排屑、潤(rùn)滑、照明、監(jiān)測(cè)等。它包括液壓和氣動(dòng)裝置、排屑裝置、交換工作臺(tái)、數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)和數(shù)控分度頭，還包括刀具及監(jiān)控檢測(cè)裝置等。</p><p>　?。?）編程及其他附屬設(shè)備，可用來(lái)在機(jī)外進(jìn)行零件的程序編制、存儲(chǔ)等。</p><p>　　自從1952

37、年美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院研制出世界上第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床以來(lái)，數(shù)控機(jī)床在制造工業(yè)，特別是在汽車(chē)、航空航天、以及軍事工業(yè)中被廣泛地應(yīng)用，數(shù)控技術(shù)無(wú)論在硬件和軟件方面，都有飛速發(fā)展。</p><p>　　數(shù)控機(jī)床的分類(lèi)和應(yīng)用</p><p>　?。?）按工藝用途分類(lèi)</p><p>　　金屬切削類(lèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床,包括數(shù)控車(chē)床,數(shù)控鉆床,數(shù)控銑床,數(shù)控磨床,數(shù)控鏜床發(fā)及加工中心.這些機(jī)床都

38、有適用于單件、小批量和多品種和零件加工，具有很好的加工尺寸的一致性、很高的生產(chǎn)率和自動(dòng)化程度，以及很高的設(shè)備柔性。</p><p>　　金屬成型類(lèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床；這類(lèi)機(jī)床包括數(shù)控折彎?rùn)C(jī)，數(shù)控組合沖床、數(shù)控彎管機(jī)、數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)頭壓力機(jī)等。</p><p>　　數(shù)控特種加工機(jī)床；這類(lèi)機(jī)床包括數(shù)控線(xiàn)（電極）切割機(jī)床、數(shù)控電火花加工機(jī)床、數(shù)控火焰切割機(jī)、數(shù)控激光切割機(jī)床、專(zhuān)用組合機(jī)床等。</p>

39、<p>　　其他類(lèi)型的數(shù)控設(shè)備；非加工設(shè)備采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，如自動(dòng)裝配機(jī)、多坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)、自動(dòng)繪圖機(jī)和工業(yè)機(jī)器人等。</p><p>　　（2）按運(yùn)動(dòng)方式分類(lèi)</p><p>　　點(diǎn)位控制；點(diǎn)位控制數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)是機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件只能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)從一個(gè)位置到另一個(gè)位置的精確運(yùn)動(dòng)，在運(yùn)動(dòng)和定位過(guò)程中不進(jìn)行任何加工工序。如數(shù)控鉆床、數(shù)按坐標(biāo)鏜床、數(shù)控焊機(jī)和數(shù)控彎管機(jī)等。</p>

40、<p>　　直線(xiàn)控制；點(diǎn)位直線(xiàn)控制的特點(diǎn)是機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件不僅要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)坐標(biāo)位置到另一個(gè)位置的精確移動(dòng)和定位，而且能實(shí)現(xiàn)平行于坐標(biāo)軸的直線(xiàn)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)或控制兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)軸實(shí)現(xiàn)斜線(xiàn)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p>　　輪廓控制；輪廓控制數(shù)控機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)是機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)軸同時(shí)進(jìn)行聯(lián)動(dòng)控制。它不僅要求控制機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的起點(diǎn)與終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)位置，而且要求控制整個(gè)加工過(guò)程每一點(diǎn)的速度和位移量，即要求控制運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，將零件加

41、工成在平面內(nèi)的直線(xiàn)、曲線(xiàn)或在空間的曲面。</p><p>　?。?）按控制方式分類(lèi)</p><p>　　開(kāi)環(huán)控制；即不帶位置反饋裝置的控制方式。</p><p>　　半閉環(huán)控制；指在開(kāi)環(huán)控制伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上裝有角位移檢測(cè)裝置，通過(guò)檢測(cè)伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)角間接地檢測(cè)出運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的位移反饋給數(shù)控裝置的比較器，與輸入的指令進(jìn)行比較，用差值控制運(yùn)動(dòng)部件。</p>&l

42、t;p>　　閉環(huán)控制：是在機(jī)床的最終的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的相應(yīng)位置直接直線(xiàn)或回轉(zhuǎn)式檢測(cè)裝置，將直接測(cè)量到的位移或角位移值反饋到數(shù)控裝置的比較器中與輸入指令移量進(jìn)行比較，用差值控制運(yùn)動(dòng)部件，使運(yùn)動(dòng)部件嚴(yán)格按實(shí)際需要的位移量運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p>　?。?）按數(shù)控制機(jī)床的性能分類(lèi)</p><p><b>　　經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床；</b></p><p>&

43、lt;b>　　中檔數(shù)控機(jī)床；</b></p><p><b>　　高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床；</b></p><p>　　（5）按所用數(shù)控裝置的構(gòu)成方式分類(lèi)</p><p><b>　　硬線(xiàn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)；</b></p><p><b>　　軟線(xiàn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)；</b></p