ciscoip路由配置

1、IP 路由配置,本章目標,通過本章的學習，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容： 配置RIP路由協(xié)議配置IGRP路由協(xié)議配置EIGRP路由協(xié)議配置OSPF路由協(xié)議配置VLAN間路由,,,,,,,,,19.2 kbps,T1,T1,T1,Hop 計算路由器每隔30秒更新最多支持相同hop數(shù)的6條路徑,,,,RIP 概 述,激活RIP協(xié)議,,Router(config)# router rip,,Router(config-router)#

2、network network-number,選擇參與路由的網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須是有類的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號,RIP 配 置,2.3.0.0,RIP 配置舉例,,,2.3.0.0,,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,查看RIP信息,RouterA#sh ip proto

3、colsRouting Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incom

4、ing update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2

5、 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120),,,1

6、72.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,查看路由表,,,,,RouterA#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D

7、 - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L

8、1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC

9、 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsR 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2R 192.168.1.0/24 [120

10、/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2,,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,debug ip rip 命令,,,RouterA#debug ip ripRIP protocol debugging is onRout

11、erA#00:06:24: RIP: received v1 update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial200:06:24: 10.2.2.0 in 1 hops00:06:24: 192.168.1.0 in 2 hops00:06:33: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1)00:06:

12、34: network 10.0.0.0, metric 100:06:34: network 192.168.1.0, metric 300:06:34: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1)00:06:34: network 172.16.0.0, metric 1,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3

13、,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,使用IGRP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)較大缺省100hops，最大255hops支持多路徑,IGRP 介 紹,IGRP,,帶寬延遲時間可靠性負載最大傳輸單元,,19.2 kbps,19.2 kbps,IGRP 路徑選擇,,,,,,,Source,Destinati

14、on,,,,最多六條路徑（默認4條）下一次所要到達的路由器必須接近目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在允許的參數(shù)內(nèi)選擇路徑,,,,,,,New Route,,,,Initial Route,,,Source,,Destination,,IGRP 的不平衡路徑,,,配 置 IGRP,,Router(config-router)#network network-number,指定參與路由的網(wǎng)絡(luò),,,Router(config)# router igrp au

15、tonomous-system,指定IGRP為IP路由協(xié)議,,,配置 IGRP (續(xù)),,Router(config-router)#traffic-share { balanced | min },控制負載平衡數(shù)據(jù)的分布,,,Router(config-router)# variance multiplier,控制IGRP的負載平衡,,router igrp 100network 172.16.0.0network 10.0.0.

16、0,IGRP 配置舉例,,,router igrp 100network 10.0.0.0,,,router igrp 100network 192.168.1.0network 10.0.0.0,,Autonomous System = 100,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,

17、C,192.168.1.0,E0,,查看 IGRP 信息,RouterA#sh ip protocolsRouting Protocol is "igrp 100" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 21 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Out

18、going update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=

19、1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 100 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Dis

20、tance Last Update 10.1.1.2 100 00:01:01 Distance: (default is 100),,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,,查看IP路由表,,,,R

21、outerA#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA exte

22、rnal type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffi

23、c engineered routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsI 10.2.2.0 [100/90956]

24、via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/91056] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.

25、3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,debug ip igrp transaction 命令,,,,,RouterA#debug ip igrp transactionsIGRP protocol debugging is onRouterA#00:21:06: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1)

26、00:21:06: network 10.0.0.0, metric=8895600:21:06: network 192.168.1.0, metric=9105600:21:07: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1)00:21:07: network 172.16.0.0, metric=110000

27、:21:16: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial200:21:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956)00:21:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 91056 (neighbor 89056),,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1

28、,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,debug ip igrp events 命令,,,,,RouterA#debug ip igrp eventsIGRP event debugging is onRouterA#00:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255

29、via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1)00:23:44: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes.00:23:44: IGRP: Total routes in update: 200:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1)0

30、0:23:45: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes.00:23:45: IGRP: Total routes in update: 100:23:48: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial200:23:48: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 1

31、 system, and 0 exterior routes.00:23:48: IGRP: Total routes in update: 2,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,路由信息更新舉例,,,,,RouterA# debug ip igr

32、p trans00:31:15: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down00:31:15: IGRP: edition is now 300:31:15: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1)00:31:15:

33、 network 172.16.0.0, metric=429496729500:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes.00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 100:31:16: IGRP: broadcasting request on Serial200:31:16: IGRP

34、: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial200:31:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956)00:31:16: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible)00:31:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 9

35、1056 (neighbor 89056)00:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes.00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 3,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,1

36、72.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,X,,路由信息更新舉例,RouterB#debug ip igrp transIGRP protocol debugging is onRouterB#1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2)1d19h: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=88

37、9561d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=890561d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2)1d19h: subnet 10.1.1.0, metric=889561d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=890561d19h: IGR

38、P: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial21d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible)1d19h: IGRP: edition is now 101d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2)1d19h:

39、 subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=889561d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=42949672951d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=890561d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2)1d19h: subne

40、t 10.1.1.0, metric=889561d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,,路由信息更新舉例,RouterB#sh ip routeCod

41、es: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1

42、- OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered routeGa

43、teway of last resort is not setI 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2C 10.2.2.0 is directly co

44、nnected, Serial3I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:14, Serial3RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:.....Success r

45、ate is 0 percent (0/5)RouterB#,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,X,,,,,路由信息更新舉例,,,172.16.1.1,S2,E0,S3,,,,192.168.1.1,10.1.1.1,10.2.2.2,10.1.1.

46、2,S2,S3,10.2.2.3,172.16.1.0,A,B,C,192.168.1.0,E0,,RouterB#debug ip igrp transactionsRouterB#1d20h: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial21d20h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 89056 (neighbor 1100)RouterB#R

47、outerB#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA exte

48、rnal type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffi

49、c engineered routeGateway of last resort is not setI 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2C 1

50、0.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial3I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:18, Serial3RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 se

51、conds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/38/48 ms,,EIGRP 介紹,EIGRP 支持:快速地收斂帶寬使用的減少支持多個網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議,EIGRP 術(shù)語,比較 EIGRP 和 IGRP,相似的 metric同樣的負載平衡改進的收斂時間減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)負擔,,,,配置 EIGRP,,Router(config-route

52、r)#network network-number,Selects participating attached networks,,Router(config)#router eigrp autonomous-system,Defines EIGRP as the IP routing protocol,EIGRP 配置舉例,查看 EIGRP 配置,,,,Router#show ip protocols,,Router#show ip

53、 route eigrp,,Router#show ip eigrp traffic,Router#show ip eigrp neighbors,Router#show ip eigrp topology,Displays the neighbors discovered by IP EIGRP,Displays the IP EIGRP topology table,Displays the number of IP EIGRP p

54、ackets sent and received,Displays current EIGRP entries in the routing table,Displays the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process,,debug ip eigrp 命令,,Router#debug ip eigrpIP-EIGRP: Processin

55、g incoming UPDATE packetIP-EIGRP: Ext 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: Ext

56、 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: 172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0 metric 371200 - 256000 115200IP-E

57、IGRP: 192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0 metric 46310656 - 45714176 596480IP-EIGRP: 172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP:

58、Ext 172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0 metric 2272256 - 1657856 614400IP-EIGRP: 192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0 metric 40622080 - 40000000 622080IP-EIGRP: 19

59、2.135.244.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1,,OSPF 介紹,開放標準最短路徑優(yōu)先算法（SPF）鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議,,,OSPF 是鏈路狀態(tài)協(xié)議,OSPF 宣告鏈路狀態(tài)聲明而不是路由表LSAs 被泛洪到本區(qū)域的所有OSPF路由器LSA的集合構(gòu)成鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫OSPF使用最短路徑優(yōu)先算法來計算到目標的最短路徑.Link = 路由器接口State = 接口的

60、描述和與相鄰路由器的關(guān)系,OSPF 層次化路由,由區(qū)域和自治系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成最小化路由更新數(shù)據(jù),最短路徑優(yōu)先算法,每個路由器以自己為根，依據(jù)累加的開銷來計算到達目標的最短路徑Cost = 108/bandwidth (bps),,,配置單區(qū)域 OSPF,,Router(config-router)#network address mask area area-id,Assigns networks to a specific OSPF ar

61、ea,,,Router(config)#router ospf process-id,Defines OSPF as the IP routing protocol,OSPF 配置舉例,配置 Loopback 接口,Router ID: 在 OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)中標識路由器默認：一個具有最高IP地址的活動接口的地址一旦配置LOOPBACK接口：具有最高IP地址的LOOPBACK接口的地址,,,,Router#show ip ospf in

62、terface,查看 OSPF 配置,Displays area-ID and adjacency information,,Router#show ip protocols,Verifies that OSPF is configured,Router#show ip route,Displays all the routes learned by the router,Router#show ip ospf neighbor,Dis

63、plays OSPF-neighbor information on a per-interface basis,,OSPF debug 命令,,,Router#debug ip ospf eventsOSPF:hello with invalid timers on interface Ethernet0hello interval received 10 configured 10net mask received 255.

64、255.255.0 configured 255.255.255.0dead interval received 40 configured 30Router# debug ip ospf packet OSPF: rcv. v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:200.0.0.117 aid:0.0.0.0 chk:6AB2 aut:0 auk: Router#debug ip ospf packet OSPF