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1、5.5facts5.5factsinfluencinginfluencingthethesupplysupplyquantityquantity影響因素的供應(yīng)量影響因素的供應(yīng)量(a)(a)thethecostscostsofofmakingmakingthethegoodgood生產(chǎn)成本好生產(chǎn)成本好(b)(b)TheThepricespricesofofotherothergoodsgoods其他商品價(jià)格其他商品價(jià)格WhenWhenas

2、uppliersuppliercancanswithswithreailyreailyfromfromsupplyingsupplyingoneonegoodgoodtotoanothertheanotherthegoodsgoodsconcernedconcernedarearecalledcalledsubsitutessubsitutesininsupplysupply當(dāng)一個(gè)供應(yīng)商可以開(kāi)關(guān)容易從提供一個(gè)好的另一個(gè)，貨物被稱為可以當(dāng)

3、一個(gè)供應(yīng)商可以開(kāi)關(guān)容易從提供一個(gè)好的另一個(gè)，貨物被稱為可以在供應(yīng)在供應(yīng)GoodsGoodsininjointjointsupplysupplycomplementscomplementsininproductionproduction產(chǎn)品聯(lián)合供應(yīng)和補(bǔ)充生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品聯(lián)合供應(yīng)和補(bǔ)充生產(chǎn)(c)(c)ExpectationsExpectationsofofpricepricechanges.changes.期望價(jià)格變化期望價(jià)格變化(d)(d)Cha

4、ngesChangesinintechnologytechnology技術(shù)的變化技術(shù)的變化(e)(e)OtherOtherfacts.facts.其他因素其他因素thethesupplysupplycurvecurveshowsshowshowhowthethequantityquantitysuppliedsuppliedwillwillchangechangeininresponseresponsetotoachangechange

5、ininpriceprice供給曲線表明供給量變化響應(yīng)改變價(jià)格供給曲線表明供給量變化響應(yīng)改變價(jià)格SupplySupplyconditionsconditions供應(yīng)條件供應(yīng)條件AlongAlongthethesupplysupplycurvecurve沿著供給曲線沿著供給曲線InInthethesupplysupplycurvecurveitselfitself在供給曲線本身在供給曲線本身ThisThisdistinctiondisti

6、nctionbetweenbetweenamovementmovementalongalongthethesupplysupplycurvecurveashiftshiftininthethesupplysupplycurvecurveisisjustjustasasimptantimptantasasthethesimilarsimilardistinctiondistinctionrelatingrelatingtotothethe

7、demdemcurve.curve.這之間的區(qū)別移動(dòng)供給曲線與供給曲線的移動(dòng)是一樣重要的類似的區(qū)別與需這之間的區(qū)別移動(dòng)供給曲線與供給曲線的移動(dòng)是一樣重要的類似的區(qū)別與需求曲線。求曲線。5.65.6shiftsshiftsofofthethemarketmarketsupplysupplycurvecurve變化市場(chǎng)供給曲線變化市場(chǎng)供給曲線TheThemarketmarketsupplysupplycurvecurveisisthethe

8、aggregateaggregateososallallthethesupplysupplycurvescurvesofofindividualindividualfirmsfirmsininthethemarket.market.市場(chǎng)供給曲線是總供給曲線的所有市場(chǎng)中各個(gè)企業(yè)。市場(chǎng)供給曲線是總供給曲線的所有市場(chǎng)中各個(gè)企業(yè)。RightwardRightward向右向右DownwardDownward向下向下（a）afallfallinin

9、thethecostcostofoffactsfactsofofproductionfproductionfexampleexampleareductionreductionininthethecostcostofofrawrawmaterialmaterialinputsinputs一個(gè)在生產(chǎn)要素成本，例如減少了原材料的成本投入一個(gè)在生產(chǎn)要素成本，例如減少了原材料的成本投入(b)(b)afallfallininthethepricep

10、riceofofotherothergoods.goods.價(jià)格下跌，其他商品。價(jià)格下跌，其他商品。(c)(c)thethetechnologicaltechnologicalprogresswhichprogresswhichreducesreducesunitunitcostscostsalsoalsoincreasesincreasesproductionproductioncapabilities.capabilities.pr

11、oductionproductionquantities.quantities.（一）市場(chǎng)需求條件影響價(jià)格，公司將為其輸出。價(jià)格作為信號(hào)的生產(chǎn)者，（一）市場(chǎng)需求條件影響價(jià)格，公司將為其輸出。價(jià)格作為信號(hào)的生產(chǎn)者，和價(jià)格的變化應(yīng)該刺激的反應(yīng)，從一個(gè)公司改變其生產(chǎn)量。和價(jià)格的變化應(yīng)該刺激的反應(yīng)，從一個(gè)公司改變其生產(chǎn)量。(b)supply(b)supplyisisinfluencedinfluencedbybyproductionproduc

12、tioncostscostsprofits.profits.供應(yīng)是影響生產(chǎn)成本和利潤(rùn)供應(yīng)是影響生產(chǎn)成本和利潤(rùn)IncentiveIncentive激勵(lì)激勵(lì)(c)when(c)whenafirmfirmoperatesoperatesefficientlyefficientlyrespondingrespondingtotochangeschangesininmarketmarketpricespricescontrollingcontro

13、llingitsitscostscostsititisisrewardedrewardedwithwithprofit.profit.當(dāng)公司的運(yùn)作效率，應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格變化和控制成本，這是獲得利潤(rùn)。當(dāng)公司的運(yùn)作效率，應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格變化和控制成本，這是獲得利潤(rùn)。SubsidySubsidy補(bǔ)貼補(bǔ)貼6.26.2thethepricepricemechanismmechanismthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepr

14、ice價(jià)格機(jī)制和市場(chǎng)均衡價(jià)格價(jià)格機(jī)制和市場(chǎng)均衡價(jià)格TheThepricepricemechanismmechanismbringsbringsdemdemsupplysupplyintointoequilibriumequilibriumthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepriceffagoodgoodisisthethepricepriceatatwhichwhichthethevolumevolume

15、demeddemedbybyconsumersconsumersthethevolumevolumethatthatfirmsfirmswouldwouldbebewillingwillingtotosupplysupplyisisthethesame.same.價(jià)格機(jī)制所帶來(lái)的供求平衡和均衡價(jià)格的一個(gè)很好的是價(jià)格而體積所要求的消價(jià)格機(jī)制所帶來(lái)的供求平衡和均衡價(jià)格的一個(gè)很好的是價(jià)格而體積所要求的消費(fèi)者和體積，公司會(huì)愿意是相同的。費(fèi)者和體

16、積，公司會(huì)愿意是相同的。MarketMarketclearingclearingpriceprice市場(chǎng)出清價(jià)格市場(chǎng)出清價(jià)格(a)(a)theytheywouldwouldcutcutdowndownthethecurrentcurrentlevellevelofofproductionproductionininderdertotosellsellunwantedunwantedinventies.inventies.他們會(huì)降低目前生

17、產(chǎn)水平為出售存貨。他們會(huì)降低目前生產(chǎn)水平為出售存貨。(b)(b)TheyTheywouldwouldalsoalsoreducereducepricespricesininderdertotoencourageencouragesales.sales.他們也將降低價(jià)格以鼓勵(lì)銷售。他們也將降低價(jià)格以鼓勵(lì)銷售。KeyKeypointpoint(a)(a)ififtherethereisisnonochangechangeinincondit

18、ionsconditionsofofsupplysupplydemdemthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepricewillwillprevailprevailininthethemarketmarketwillwillremainremainstable.stable.如果沒(méi)有變化條件的供應(yīng)或需求，均衡價(jià)格將在市場(chǎng)將保持穩(wěn)定。如果沒(méi)有變化條件的供應(yīng)或需求，均衡價(jià)格將在市場(chǎng)將保持穩(wěn)定。(b)(b)ifif

19、pricepriceisisnotnotatatthetheequilibriumequilibriumthethemarketmarketisisinindisequilibriumdisequilibriumsupplysupplydemdemwillwillpushpushpricespricestowardstowardsthetheequilibriumequilibriumprice.price.如果價(jià)格是不平衡的，市場(chǎng)是在

20、不平衡的供應(yīng)和需求將推動(dòng)價(jià)格向均衡價(jià)格。如果價(jià)格是不平衡的，市場(chǎng)是在不平衡的供應(yīng)和需求將推動(dòng)價(jià)格向均衡價(jià)格。。(c)(c)ininanyanymarketmarkettheretherewillwillonlyonlybebeoneoneequilibriumequilibriumpositionpositionwherewherethethemarketmarketisiscleared.cleared.在任何市場(chǎng)只會(huì)有一個(gè)平衡位置，

21、市場(chǎng)出清在任何市場(chǎng)只會(huì)有一個(gè)平衡位置，市場(chǎng)出清(d)(d)shiftsshiftsininthethesupplysupplycurvecurvedemdemcurvecurvewillwillchangechangethetheequilibriumequilibriumpriceprice((thethequantityquantitytraded).traded).供給曲線的移動(dòng)或需求曲線改變均衡價(jià)格（和交易量）供給曲線的移動(dòng)或需