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1、EnglishLiteratureChapterOneEnglishLiteratureinthedleAge(5th15th)Mainpoints:I.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloSaxonperiod.II.LiteraryacteristicsoftheAngloSaxonperiod.III.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloNmanperiod.IV.Literaryact
2、eristicsoftheAngloNmanperiod.V.ImptantliterarywksmenoflettersoftheAngloNmanperiod.VI.GeoffreyChaucerI.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloSaxonperiodTheperiodcanberoughlydividedintotwostages:theAngloSaxonperiodtheAngloNmanperio
3、d.1.Themakingofthenation.1.1TheinhabitantsofthenationThenativeCelts凱爾特人(theyinhabitinwhatisnowIrelWalesScotl)theRomanConquest(thisconquestwasledbyJuliusCaesarin55B.C.whichlasted4centuriesbutitmadelittleinfluenceonthenati
4、on’sliterature)theAngloSaxonConquestinabout449bythreeTeutonictribes條頓部落theAnglostheSaxonstheJutes.TheAngloSaxonswereChristianizedinthe7thcenturywhichinfluencedtheliteratureintwoaspects:oneisthegreatnumberofChristianpoetr
5、ywhichfmsanimptantpartofEnglishliteratureofthisperiodtheotherisChristiancolinpaganwksfthemonksrecdedthealliteraturewiththeirChristianideas.(Theideasusuallydonotgowiththecontentofthewholebeing.)1.2ThelanguageInthe7ththeth
6、reetribesmixedintoawholepeoplecalledEnglishthelanguagespokenbythemisgenerallycalledAngloSaxonthatistheOldEnglish.II.LiteraryacteristicsoftheAngloSaxonperiod.Themainliteraryfmoftheperiodispoetrytherearetwogroups:paganpoet
7、ryreligiouspoetryoftenChristianone.ThemostimptantwksleftisBeowulf《貝奧武甫》《貝爾武夫》TheintroductiontoBeowulfItistheearliestcompleteepicinEnglishliteratureitisregardedasthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.Definitionofepicnationale
8、pic史詩:itisapoeticaccountofthedeedsofonemegreatheroesofanation’spasthisty.3182linestwopartswithaninterpolationbetweenthetwo.Thethemeofthepoem:Beowulfisoneofthenation’sheroesoftheEnglishpeople.Withthedeionsofhisheroicdeeds
9、thesongreflectseventstakingplaceontheScinavianpeninsulaatthebeginningofthe7thcentury.Thesignificanceofthepoem:Thestyrepresents1)thefightoftheancientpeopleagainstbeastsnaturalfces(e.g.floodvolcano)2)itreflectsthefeatureso
10、ftribalsocietyofancienttime3)Beowulf’sdeedspresentstheidealvirtuesofancientAngloSaxons.(courageB.In1359heaccompaniedtheEnglisharmytoFrancein1367hewassentonseveralembassiestoFrance.Thisexperiencehelpedhimgetinacquaintance
11、swithFrenchrenaissance.(imitatemewfmsofpoetrywritingtranslateFrenchwks)C.In1367hewassentonseveralembassiestoFlersFranceItalyhethengotinacquaintanceswithItalianrenaissance.(Dante但丁Boccaccio卜伽丘Petrarch彼得拉克)D.Thepoetdiedin1
12、400wasburiedinWestminsterAbbeythusfoundingthe“Poets’Cner”.6.2Chaucer’smainwks(P42)masterpiece:TheCanterburyTales6.3TheCanterburyTalesItisoneofthemostfamouswksinallliteratures.InarrangingthepoemheimitatestheframewkofBocca
13、ccio’sDecamenon《十日談》：ageneralprologue24taleswithinterlogues.(P43)SignificanceofTheCanterburyTalesA.Chaucercreatedabrilliantpicturesquepanamaofhistimehiscountry.Inthisbookheptrayedactersfromallwalksoflifemadethemtellsties
14、thatrevealedthelifemannersthoughtsofpeoplefromdifferentsocialclasses.B.Asahumanistheeulogizedhumanistideas.Hebelievedintherightsofmantoearthlyhappiness.Hewaskeentopraiseman’senergyintellectquickwittheloveflife.C.Chauceri
15、ntroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypestoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.HewasthefirsttoemployskillfullyheroiccoupletsinEnglishpoeticwriting.D.Hecoveredallthemajtypesofmedievalliteratureinhismasterpiecesuc
16、hasromancesfolktalesanimalsties.E.ChauceralsocontributedgreatlytothefoundingofEnglishliterarylanguagethebasisofwhichwasfmedbytheLondondialectsoprofoundlyusedbythepoet.Appreciationpfthe“generalPrologue”(P43)ChapterTwoEngl
17、ishLiteratureintheRenaissanceMainpoints:I.HisticalbackgroundoftheperiodII.FeaturesofEnglishRenaissanceIII.ImptantliterarymenliterarywksIV.ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareI.HisticalbackgroundoftheperiodThe16thcenturyi
18、nEnglwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationstheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.A.EconomicallytheperiodwitnessedtheprogressofbourgeoiseconomywhichwasstimulatedbytheEnclosuremovement.(圈地運動)B.Scientificallyitwas
19、atimeofnewdiscoveriesingeographyastrology.(哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸，哥白尼的“太陽中心說”)Thediscoveryofnewlledtothedevelopmentofoverseastrade.Thenewideasaboutthecentreofthewldarousedsuspiciononmedievalreligion.CThereligiouspoliticalrefminEnglthe
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