《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)》答案完整版

1、1《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論》答案完整版考核方法考核方法：閉卷考試時(shí)間時(shí)間：100分鐘題型題型：I.單項(xiàng)選擇(151’=15’)II判斷(151’=15’)III填空(101’=10’)IV術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋(52’=10’)V簡(jiǎn)答題(45’=20’)VI.分析題（30’）重點(diǎn)掌握的術(shù)語(yǔ)：重點(diǎn)掌握的術(shù)語(yǔ)：?1.LinguisticsThestudyofthenaturestructurevariationoflanguageincludingphoicsp

2、honologymphologysyntaxsemanticspragmatics.?2.designfeaturesTheyareaseriesoffeatureswhichareuniquelyapartofhumanlanguageunlikelytobefoundinthecommunicationsystemofothercreatures.Theyaredisplacementproductivityculturaltran

3、smissionarbitrarinessdiscretenessduality.?3.DisplacementLanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhichareinthepastpresentfuturerealimaginedinfarawayplaces.?4.DualityItisgenerallythecasethatlanguageisganizedattwolevelslayerswhichi

4、sknownasthephysicallevelmeaningfullevelsimultaneously.?5.ArbitrarinessItisgenerallythecasethatthereisno‘natural’connectionbetweenalinguisticfmitsmeaning.?6.MannerofarticulationItisthecasethatwedescribetheconsonantsoundsi

5、ntermsofhowtheyarearticulated.?7.PlaceofarticulationItfocusesondescribingconsonantsoundsintermsofwheretheyarearticulated.?8.articulatyphoicsThegeneralstudyoftheacteristicsofspeechsoundsiscalledphoics.thestudyofhowspeechs

6、oundsaremade‘a(chǎn)rticulated’isarticulatyphoics.?9.PhonologyThedeionofthesystemspatternsofthespeechsoundsinalanguage.?10.AssimilationItistheprocesswhentwophonemesoccurinsequencesomeaspectofonephonemeistaken‘copied’bytheother

7、.Fexamplethewd‘can’inthesentence‘Icango.’maypronounceas[k?]insteadof[kn]becauseoftheinfluenceofthefollowingsound[g].?11.BackfmationAwdofonetypeisreducedtofmanotherwdofdifferenttype.Fexamplethewd3?Arbitrariness?Duality應(yīng)用應(yīng)

8、用?能夠根據(jù)所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象來解釋語(yǔ)言的定義性特征。?能夠根據(jù)語(yǔ)言的定義性特征來區(qū)別人類語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)物交流系統(tǒng)思考思考?人類語(yǔ)言有哪些功能？Firstithasthefunctionofculturaltransmission.PeoplepassknowledgeskillsfromonegenerationtothenextonlythroughallanguageespeciallyintheolddaysSecondithasth

9、efunctionofcommunication.Humanusetheirlanguagetocommunicatewitheachothersociallyemotionallytoindicatetheirfriendlinesscooperationannoyancepleasure.Thirditplaysanimptantroleinthinking.Languageistheinstrumentofthoughtpeopl

10、eoftenfeelitnecessarytospeaktheirthoughtsaloud.?動(dòng)物交流系統(tǒng)里存在“說謊”嗎？Itabsolutelyexistsinanimalcommunicationsystem.Fexamplesomeanimalswillpretendtodietoavoidbeingeaten.Therefeitiscommonphenomenoninanimalfsurvivefoods.第五章語(yǔ)音學(xué)概念辨

11、析概念辨析?Articulatyacousticaudityphoics?mannersofarticulationvs.placesofarticulation?Consonantsvs.VowelsWhethertheyareproducedwithobstructionoftheairstreaminthemouth.?phoicsvs.PhonologyProductionacteristicsofspeechsoundvs.H

12、owspeechsoundfmsabstractmentalaspectofit.?broadtranionvs.narrowtranionWhethertheyhaveallophones理解理解?Speechgans?Theclassificationdeionofconsonants?Theclassificationdeionofvowels應(yīng)用應(yīng)用?能夠識(shí)別發(fā)聲器官圖中的發(fā)聲器官名稱Vocalcds聲帶alveolar齒齦pa

13、late上顎velum軟腭?能夠根據(jù)發(fā)音部位方式英語(yǔ)輔音進(jìn)行分類和描述。發(fā)音部位bilabial[p][b][m][w]labiodental[f][v]dental[θ][]alveolar[t][d][s][z]alveopalatal[?][?][t?][d?][j]velar[k][g][?]glottal[h]發(fā)音方式Fricative[f][v][θ][][s][z][?][?]affricate[t?][d?]?能夠描述元