2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:D2415?15StardTestMethodfAshinCoalTarPitch1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2415thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anum

2、berinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheashcontentoftarpitch.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsar

3、etoberegardedasstard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstard.1.3Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyh

4、ealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D850TestMethodfDistillationofIndustrialAromaticHydrocarbonsRelatedMaterialsD4296PracticefSamplingPitchE11Specificat

5、ionfWovenWireTestSieveClothTestSieves3.SummaryofTestMethod3.1Thesampleiscarefullyvolatilizedburnedinamufflefurnacebyothersuitablemeansafterwhichthecarbonaceousresidueiscompletelyoxidizedtheremainingashstabilizedat900Cint

6、hemufflefurnace.4.SignificanceUse4.1Thistestmethoddeterminestheamountofinganicmatterinthesample.5.Apparatus5.1MuffleFurnace—Amufflefurnacewithgoodaircirculationcapableofhavingitstemperatureregulatedat900C610C.5.2DishCruc

7、iblepcelainsilicaplatinumhavingacapacityof35mLto45mLadiameteratthetopof55mmto60mm.5.3SieveU.S.Stard600m(No.30)confmingtoSpecificationE11.6.BulkSampling6.1SamplesfromshipmentsshallbetakeninaccdancewithPracticeD4296shallbe

8、freeoffeignsubstances.Thoughlymixthesampleimmediatelybeferemovingarepresentativeptionfthedeterminationfdehydration.7.DehydrationofSample7.1HardPitch—Ifthesolidbulksamplecontainsfreewaterairdryarepresentativeptioninafcedd

9、raftovenat50C.7.2SoftPitch—Ifthepresenceofwaterisindicatedbysurfacefoamonheatingmaintainarepresentativeptionofthebulksampleatatemperaturebetween125C150Cinanopencontaineruntilthesurfaceisfreeoffoam.Takecarenottooverheatre

10、moveheatsourceimmediatelywhenfoamsubsides.7.3Tar—DehydratearepresentativeptionofthebulksampleinaccdancewithTestMethodD850butstopthedistillationwhenthetemperaturereaches170C.Separateanyoilfromthewaterwhichhasdistilledover

11、(ifcrystalsarepresentwarmsufficientlytoensuretheirsolution)thoughlymixtheoilwiththeresidualtarinthestillafterthelatterhascooledtoamoderatetemperature.8.PreparationofWkingSample8.1HardPitch—Ifthepitchcanbecrushedatroomtem

12、peraturepreparea20gwkingsamplebysuitablecrushingmixingquarteringofarepresentativeptionofthedrysample.Thecrushingcanbedonewithasmalljawcrusheramullitemtarpestle.Noparticleintherepresentativesampleshallbelargerthan5mminany

13、dimension.Crushthissamplesothatallofitwillpassthe600m(No.30)sieve.8.2SoftPitch—Ifthepitchistoosofttogrindtoostickytomixheatarepresentativeptionofthedrysampletothelowesttemperaturethatwillpermitpassagethroughthe1Thistestm

14、ethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleumProductsLiquidFuelsLubricantsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuelsPetroleumCokeCarbonMaterial.CurrenteditionapprovedDec.12015.PublishedDe

15、cember2015.iginallyapprovedin1965.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2012asD2415–98(2012).DOI:10.1520D241515.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmatio

16、nrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1600m(No.30)sievetakingc

17、aretoavoidexcessivelossofvolatilematter.Donotexceed10minfthismeltingperiod.Passtheheatedsamplethroughthe600msievetoremovefeignmatter.8.3Tar—Heatarepresentativeptionofthedrytartothelowesttemperaturethatwillpermitpassageth

18、roughthe600m(No.30)sievethenfilterthroughthissievetoremovefeignmatter.8.4PreservationofSamples—Stesamplesaslargelumpsassolidifiedmeltsinclosedcontainers.Donotsavecrushedsamplesffutureanalysessincechangesincompositionsome

19、timesoccurinpulverizedpitch.9.Procedure9.1Igniteacleandishcruciblef1hinthemufflefurnaceat900C610C.Coolslowlytoabout100Cthenplacethedishcrucibleinadesiccat.Whenatroomtemperatureweightothenearest0.1mg.9.2Transfera10gptiono

20、ftherepresentativedehydratedsampletothetareddishcrucibleweightothenearest0.1mg.Placethecontainerthesampleinthecoldmufflefurnacegraduallyheattorednessataratethatavoidsmechanicallossfromboiloverspatteringduetotoorapidanexp

21、ulsionofvolatilematter.Insteadofthemufflefurnaceahotplategasflamemaybeusedtoremovevolatilesaslongasthesameprecautionsagainstmechanicallossaretaken.Afterthevolatilematterhasbeendrivenoffasemicokeremainscompletetheignition

22、inthemufflefurnaceat900C610C.Whenallcarbonappearstohaveburnedoffcoolthedishcrucibletoabout100Cbefeplacingitinadesiccat.Whenatroomtemperatureweightothenearest0.1mg.Repeattheignitionat900C610Cf30minintervalsuntilconstantwe

23、ightisobtained.10.Calculation10.1Calculatetheashcontentofthesampleasfollows:Ash%5100AB(1)where:A=weightofashB=weightofsample.11.Rept11.1Repttheweightpercentofashtothenearest0.01%.12.PrecisionBias12.1Thefollowingcriterias

24、hallbeusedfjudgingtheacceptabilityofresults(95%probability):12.1.1Repeatability—Duplicatevaluesbythesameoperatshallnotbeconsideredsuspectunlessthedeterminedpercentagesdifferbymethan0.01.12.1.2Reproducibility—Thevaluesrep

25、tedbyeachoftwolabatiesrepresentingthearithmeticaverageofduplicatedeterminationsshallnotbeconsideredsuspectunlessthereptedpercentagesdifferbymethan0.03.12.2Bias—Thisprocedurehasnobiasbecausethevalueofashisdefinedintermsof

26、thistestmethod.13.Keywds13.1ashinganicmatterpitchtarSUMMARYOFCHANGESSubcommitteeD02.05hasidentifiedthelocationofedchangestothisstardsincethelastissue(D2415–98(2012))thatmayimpacttheuseofthisstard.(ApprovedDec.12015.)(1)R

27、eplacedPracticeD370withTestMethodD850.ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstard.Usersofthisstardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationoftheval

28、idityofanysuchpatentrightstheriskofinfringementofsuchrightsareentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteemustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsifnotrevisedeitherreapproved

29、withdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherfrevisionofthisstardfadditionalstardsshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommitteewhichyoum

30、ayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStardsattheaddressshownbelow.ThisstardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenP

31、A194282959UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singlemultiplecopies)ofthisstardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressat6108329585(phone)6108329555(fax)(email)throughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.g).Permissionrightstophotoco

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