2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:D3274?09(Reapproved2013)StardTestMethodfEvaluatingDegreeofSurfaceDisfigurementofPaintFilmsbyFungalAlgalGrowthSoilDirtAccumulation1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD3274thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthe

2、designationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.Thisstardhasb

3、eenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Fungalgrowthfrequentlyreferredtoasmildewinthepaintindustrycausesdefacementofpaintfilmexposedoutdos.Thevisualratingofpaintsurfacedisfigurementduetofungalalgalatt

4、ackisrequiredindertocomparetheperfmanceofdifferentcoatings.1.2Thismethodofratingmildewevaluationisintendedtobeusedonexteriexposedpaintfilms.Thismethodmaybeusedtorateinterifungalalgalgrowthbutitshouldbenotedthatthegrowthp

5、atternsoninterisurfacesaredifferentthanexteriduetothelackofweatheringinfluences.Itisprimarilyintendedftestspecimensbutcanalsobesuedfratingmildewgrowthonlargerstructuressuchasentirehouses.Ifthisisusedflargeareastheproject

6、shouldbebrokendownintosmallersections.1.3Thismethodisintendedffieldusefthemacroratingofsurfacedisfigurementonly.Thevisualscalesaremeanttobeusedbytheunaidedeyetoratealgalfungaldirtdisfigurementonlargersurfaceareassuchaste

7、stpanelssidingboardsentirebuildings.Techniquesareincludedfthedifferentiationofsoildirt.1.4Fungiwillgrowonmostpaintfilmsexposedoutdosthatarelocatedinconditionsfavabletogrowth.TestproceduressuchasPracticesD1006D3456G7areav

8、ailabledescribingnaturalexposureteststhatcanbeusedtoexposepaintfilmsindertocreatefungalalgalgrowth.1.5Thepictialreferencesavailablefusewiththistestmethodprovideanumericalbasisfratingthedegreeoffungalalgalgrowthonpaintfil

9、ms.1.6Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritou

10、se.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D1006PracticefConductingExteriExposureTestsofPaintsonWoodD3456PracticefDeterminingbyExteriExposureTeststheSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttackD4610GuidefDeterminingtheP

11、resenceofRemovingMicrobial(FungalAlgal)GrowthonPaintRelatedCoatingsG7PracticefAtmosphericEnvironmentalExposureTestingofNonmetallicMaterials3.Terminology3.1TypesofFungalGrowth—Duringexaminationofapaintfilmitmaybepossiblet

12、odistinguishbetweentheseveraltypesoffungalalgalgrowth.Ifrequireditmaybenecessarytonotethetypeoffungalalgalgrowthfound.Undermagnificationwithsomeidentificationtrainingitispossibletobeabletodistinguishgrowthtypes.Thefollow

13、ingdefinitionsaresomegrowthtypesthatmaybefound.3.2hyphaen—threadliketubularfungalfilamentsthatcomposethemycelium.3.3mildewn—apopulartermftheconglomerationsoffungithatgrowondisfigurepaintfilms.3.4myceliumn—vegetativemasso

14、fhyphaefmingthebodyofafungus.3.5spe—anasexualreproductivecellcapableofdevelopingintoamaturefunguswithoutfusionwithanothercell.3.5.1Discussion—Spestendtobesphericalinmphologyareobservedsinglyinclusters.Spesmaymaynotbeasso

15、ciatedwithfungalmyceliacanrangeinawide1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintRelatedCoatingsMaterialsApplicationsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD01.28onBiodeteriation.Currenteditionapproved

16、Oct.12013.PublishedOctober2013.iginallyapprovedin1973.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD3274–09ε1.DOI:10.1520D327409R13.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMS

17、tardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1intheimmediatesurroundingareawillbeinhibitedfalongtime

18、aftertheaddition.Donotusebleachunlessabsolutelynecessarymakeanoteonthereptfmifused.6.VisualEvaluations6.1Wheneverfungalalgalgrowthisbeingratedvisuallyitshouldbedonewithouttheaidofmagnification.Theratingshouldbemadeasitap

19、pearstothenakedeye.Upto10magnificationcanbeusedtoassistintheidentificationofmildewtoclarifytherating.Magnificationwillalsohelptodistinguishbetweendirtattachmentmildewgrowth.Ifmagnificationisuseditshouldbenotedontherept.6

20、.2Viewthepaintfilmundergoodilluminationconditionseitherinacontrolledlightboothunderdaylightlightsourceoutsideintheshade.Occasionallyitmaybenecessarytoviewthepaintfilmunderstrongsunlight.6.3Ratethespecimenusingoneofthefol

21、lowingmethods.Undermostfielduseconditionscomparisontothedrawingsprovidesasatisfactynumericalrating.Useatransparentgridscaletodeterminepercentareacoveragefmeaccurateratingsasdescribedin6.3.3.6.3.1Therearethreedifferentgro

22、wthpatternsdescribedinthisstard:DeionDesignationSpotGrowthSNonUnifmSpreadPCompleteCoverageG6.3.2Determinewhichgrowthpatternmostcloselymatchesthatseenonthespecimen.SeeFig.1athroughcfvisualrepresentationofthesepatterns.6.3

23、.3Comparethegrowthtothedrawings.Estimatewhichpictialreferencemostcloselymatchestheactualtestspecimenbeingevaluated.Ratethenumbertypeofgrowthpattern.DerivethenumericalratingdirectlyfromtheratingscalesshowninTable1.Include

24、thegrowthpatterntypeasdeterminedfromFig.1athroughc.ActualphotographsoffungalalgalsurfacegrowthareshowninFig.2.6.4RatingScales—Ratethemildewgrowthusingeitheranestimateofthepercentageofthesurfacecoveredby(b)FIG.1EarlyStage

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