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1、Designation:D5338?15StardTestMethodfDeterminingAerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsUnderControlledCompostingConditionsIncpatingThermophilicTemperatures1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5338thenumberimmediatel

2、yfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.

3、1.Scope1.1Thistestmethoddeterminesthedegreerateofaerobicbiodegradationofplasticmaterialsonexposuretoacontrolledcompostingenvironmentunderlabatyconditionsatthermophilictemperatures.Thistestmethodisdesignedtoyieldreproduci

4、blerepeatabletestresultsundercontrolledconditionsthatresemblecompostingconditionswherethermophilictemperaturesareachieved.Thetestsubstancesareexposedtoaninoculumthatisderivedfromcompostfrommunicipalsolidwaste.Theaerobicc

5、ompostingtakesplaceinanenvironmentwheretemperatureaerationhuityarecloselymonitedcontrolled.NOTE1—Duringcompostingthermophilictemperaturesaremostreadilyachievedinlargescaleprofessionallymanagedfacilities.Howeverthesetempe

6、raturesmayalsobereachedinsmallerresidentialcompostingunitsfrequentlyreferredtoas“backyard”“home”composting.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoyieldapercentageofconversionofcarboninthesampletocarbondioxide.Therateofbiodegradati

7、onismonitedaswell.1.3Thistestmethodisdesignedtobeapplicabletoallplasticmaterialswhichareintendedtobecompostedinfacilitiesthatachievethermophilictemperatures.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestard.1.5Thissta

8、rddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.Specificha

9、zardstatementsaregiveninSection8.1.6ThistestmethodisequivalenttoISO14855.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D618PracticefConditioningPlasticsfTestingD883TerminologyRelatingtoPlasticsD1293TestMethodsfpHofWaterD2908Practi

10、cefMeasuringVolatileganicMatterinWaterbyAqueousInjectionGasChromatographyD3590TestMethodsfTotalKjeldahlNitrogeninWaterD4129TestMethodfTotalganicCarboninWaterbyHighTemperatureOxidationbyCoulometricDetectionE260PracticefPa

11、ckedColumnGasChromatographyE355PracticefGasChromatographyTermsRelationships2.2APHA—AWWA—WPCFStards:2540DTotalSuspendedSolidsDriedat103to105C32540EFixedVolatileSolidsIgnitedat550C32.3ISOStard:ISO14855Plastics—Evaluationof

12、theUltimateAerobicBiodegradabilityDisintegrationUnderControlledCompostingConditions—MethodbyAnalysisofReleasedCarbonDioxide43.Terminology3.1Definitions—DefinitionsoftermsapplyingtothistestmethodappearinTerminologyD883.4.

13、SummaryofTestMethod4.1Thistestmethodconsistsofthefollowing:4.1.1ionofplasticmaterialfthedeterminationoftheaerobicbiodegradabilityinacontrolledcompostingsystem1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlast

14、icsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.96onEnvironmentallyDegradablePlasticsBiobasedProducts.CurrenteditionapprovedJune12015.PublishedJune2015.iginallyapprovedin1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asD533811.DOI:

15、10.1520D533815.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3StardMethodsftheExaminationofWate

16、rWastewater17thEdition1989AmericanPublicHealthAssociation1740BroadwayNewYkNY19919.4AvailablefromAmericanNationalStardsInstitute(ANSI)25W.43rdSt.4thFloNewYkNY10036:www.ansi.g.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthiss

17、tardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.2AnalyticalGradeCellulosefthinlayerchromatographywithaparticlesizeoflessthan20maspositivecontrol.57.3Polyethyleneasanegat

18、ivecontrol.Itshouldbeinthesamefmasthefminwhichthesampleistested(polyethylenefilmffilmsamplespolyethylenepelletsincasesampleisinthefmofpelletsetc.).8.Hazards8.1Thistestmethodrequirestheuseofhazardouschemicals.Avoidcontact

19、withthechemicalsfollowmanufacturer’sinstructionsMaterialSafetyDataSheets.8.2Thecompostinoculummaycontainsharpobjects.Takecarewhenhlingit.8.3Thecompostingvesselsarenotdesignedtowithsthighpressures.Thesystemshouldbeoperate

20、datclosetoambientpressure.9.CompostInoculum9.1Thecompostinoculumshouldbetwotofourmonthsoldwellaeratedcompostcomingfromtheganicfractionofmunicipalsolidwastesievedonascreenof10mm.Ifsuchacompostisnotavailablecompostfromplan

21、tstreatinggreenyardwastemixturesofgreenwastemunicipalsolidwastemaybeused.Itisrecommendedthatthecompostinoculumproducesbetween50150mgofCO2pergramofvolatilesolidsoverthefirsttendaysofthetesthasanashcontentoflessthan70%apHb

22、etween78.2.Totaldrysolidsshouldbebetween5055%.9.2Thecompostinoculumshouldbeasfreefromlargerinertmaterials(glassstonesmetalsetc.)aspossible.Theseitemsshouldberemovedmanuallyasmuchaspossibletoproduceahomogeneouscompostinoc

23、ulum.9.3Itisrecommendedtousecompostofsufficientpositytoenableconditionstobeasaerobicaspossible.Additionofstructuralmaterialsuchassmallwoodparticlespersistentpolybiodegradableinertmaterialmaypreventthecompostfromstickingt

24、ogethercloggingduringthetest.10.TestSpecimen10.1ThetestspecimenshouldhavesufficientcarbontoyieldcarbondioxidethatcanbeadequatelymeasuredbythetrappingapparatusCO2measurements.10.2AllbasiccompostingparameterssuchasCNoxygen

25、inthecompostingvesselpositymoisturecontentshouldbeoptimizedsoastomakeagoodcompostingprocesspossible.TheCNratioshouldpreferablybebetween1040fboththeinoculumtestsubstancecombined.Oxygenlevelsinthecompostingvesselshouldbeat

26、least6%atalltimesnofreestingwaternclumpsofmaterialshouldbepresent.10.3TestspecimensmaybeinthefmoffilmsfmedarticlesdogbonesgranulespowderotherconfmtoPracticeD618.11.Procedure11.1PreparationoftheSamples:11.1.1Obtainaninocu

27、lumfromaproperlyoperatingaerobiccompostingplanttreatingmunicipalsolidwastetheganicfractionthereof.IfrequiredfurtherstabilizetheinoculumatthelabatyindertoobtainalowCO2production(see9.1.).11.1.1.1Screentheinoculumtolesstha

28、n10mmmanuallyremovediscardanylargeinertitems(piecesofglassstonewoodetc.).DeterminevolatilesolidsdrysolidsnitrogencontentaccdingtoTestMethodsD3590D1888APHATestMethods2540D2540E.11.1.2Determinevolatilesolidsdrysolidscarbon

29、contentofallthetestsubstancesaccdingtoAPHATestMethods2540D2540ETestMethodD4129.11.1.3Weighoutroughly600gofdrysolidsofinoculummixwithabout100gofdrysolidscomingfromthesample.Adjustthedrysolidscontentofthemixtureinthevessel

30、toapproximately50%withdistilledwater.AddammoniumchlideiftheCNratioismethan40.Weighvesselswithallofthecontentsimmediatelybefeinitiationofthecompostingprocess.11.1.4Theblankconsistsoftheinoculumonlycontainingabout600gofdry

31、solids.Asreferencesusethinlayerchromatographycelluloseasapositivecontrolpolyethyleneasanegativecontrol.11.1.5Thetestmaterialmaybeinthefmoffilmsfmedarticlessuchasdogbonesgranulespowder.Themaximumsurfaceareaofacompacttestm

32、aterialusedshouldbeabout2by2cm.Incasetheiginaltestmaterialislargerreduceitinparticlesize.11.1.6Nomethanabout3?4ofthevolumeofthetestvesselshouldbefilledwithtestmixture.Sufficientheadspaceisrequiredindertoprovideenoughspac

33、efmanualshakingofthetestmixture.11.2StartUpProcedure—Initiateaerationofthecompostingvesselswithairflowratesthataresufficientlyhightoensurethatoxygenlevelsdonotbelow6%intheexhaustair.Oxygenlevelsshouldbecloselycontrolledd

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