某輕型汽車(chē)循環(huán)球式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器總成設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)

1、- I -某輕型汽車(chē)循環(huán)球式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器總成設(shè)計(jì) 某輕型汽車(chē)循環(huán)球式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器總成設(shè)計(jì)摘 要機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系的能量來(lái)源是人力，所有傳力件都是機(jī)械的，由轉(zhuǎn)向操縱 機(jī)構(gòu)（方向盤(pán)） 、轉(zhuǎn)向器、轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)三大部分組成。其中轉(zhuǎn)向器是將 操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閭鲃?dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)（嚴(yán)格講是近似直線運(yùn) 動(dòng)）的機(jī)構(gòu)，是轉(zhuǎn)向系的核心部件。動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系除具有以上三大部件外，其最主要的動(dòng)力來(lái)源是轉(zhuǎn)向助力 裝置。由于轉(zhuǎn)向助力裝置最常用的是一套液壓系統(tǒng)，因此也就離不開(kāi)泵

2、、 油管、閥、活塞和儲(chǔ)油罐，它們分別相當(dāng)于電路系統(tǒng)中的電池、導(dǎo)線、開(kāi) 關(guān)、電機(jī)和地線的作用。轉(zhuǎn)向器（也常稱為轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)） ，是完成由旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)到直線運(yùn)動(dòng)（或近似 直線運(yùn)動(dòng)）的一組齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)，同時(shí)也是轉(zhuǎn)向系中的減速傳動(dòng)裝置。歷史上 曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)許多種形式的轉(zhuǎn)向器，目前較常用的有齒輪齒條式、蝸桿曲柄指 銷(xiāo)式、循環(huán)球－齒條齒扇式、循環(huán)球曲柄指銷(xiāo)式、蝸桿滾輪式等。其中第 二、第四種分別是第一、第三種的變形形式，而蝸桿滾輪式則更是少見(jiàn)。循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器目前在國(guó)

3、內(nèi)外汽車(chē)上是引用較多的一種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。循 環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器中一般有兩級(jí)傳動(dòng)副，第一級(jí)是螺桿螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)副，第二級(jí)一 般采用齒條齒扇傳動(dòng)副。循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器由螺桿、螺母、鋼球和導(dǎo)管、齒 條、齒扇構(gòu)成。由方向盤(pán)傳動(dòng)帶動(dòng)螺桿傳動(dòng)，通過(guò)鋼球?qū)⒘鹘o螺母，螺 母將沿軸向移動(dòng)。同時(shí)由于摩擦力的作用，所有鋼球在螺桿和螺母內(nèi)的滾 道流動(dòng)，形成“球流” 。鋼球在螺母內(nèi)繞行兩周后，流出螺母而進(jìn)入導(dǎo) 管，再由導(dǎo)管流回螺母通道內(nèi)，故在轉(zhuǎn)向器工作時(shí)，兩列鋼球只是在各自 的封

4、閉通道內(nèi)循環(huán)，而不會(huì)脫出。螺母的軸向移動(dòng)，通過(guò)齒條和齒扇，帶 動(dòng)搖臂軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng), 搖臂軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向橋（一般是前橋）上的車(chē)輪（轉(zhuǎn) 向輪）相對(duì)于汽車(chē)縱軸線偏轉(zhuǎn)一定角度，完成汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向。上述工作原理， 循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器的正向傳動(dòng)效率很高（最高可達(dá) 90~95%） ，故操縱輕便， 使用壽命長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)其逆向傳動(dòng)效率也很高，隨著道路行駛條件的改善， “打手”的現(xiàn)象明顯減少，并且循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器具有嚙合平穩(wěn)、剛性好、轉(zhuǎn) 向輕便、靈活等特點(diǎn)，所以得到了廣泛

5、的應(yīng)用。該設(shè)計(jì)在循環(huán)球式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上， 采用兩級(jí)傳動(dòng)副，螺桿、鋼球、螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)副以及齒扇、螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)副完成了 某輕型汽車(chē)循環(huán)球式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。其中包括螺桿 螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)裝置、間隙調(diào)整裝置、轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸、轉(zhuǎn)向螺母、轉(zhuǎn)向螺桿、轉(zhuǎn)向 器前、后殼體等零件的設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)還對(duì)其進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的校核工作。經(jīng)過(guò)校- III -The Design of A Light Vehicle Power Steering Ge

6、arAbstractMechanical steering system is the energy source of manpower, all of the pieces are all-mechanical, to manipulation by institutions (steering wheel), steering gear, the transmission mechanism to three major comp

7、onents. Which is the steering gear control the rotational movement into the transmission line Movement (strictly speaking is similar to linear motion), is the shift of the core components. Power steering with the excepti

8、on of the above three major components, its main power source is the power steering unit. As power steering unit is the most commonly used a hydraulic system, so it can not be separated from pump, tubing, valves, pistons

9、 and storage tanks, each the equivalent circuit system of batteries, wires, switches, motors and the role of ground . Steering Gear (often known as the Steering), the rotation is completed by the movement to the straight

10、-line movement (or similar linear motion), a group of gears, but also to the slowdown of the transmission device. History-there had been various forms of steering gear, the gear is more commonly used rack-and worm-crank

11、that sell, recycling the ball - rack-tooth fans, circulating that the ball crank pins, such as worm-wheel. The second, fourth, respectively is the first, third form of the deformation, and the worm wheel-is even more rar

12、e is. The current cycle of ball-type steering gear in the car at home and abroad is quoted on a more structural form. Cycle-ball steering gear in the transmission generally have two deputy, is the first-class screw nut t