[雙語翻譯]眾包外文翻譯--眾包和組織形式新趨勢和研究意義

1、3700 英文單詞， 英文單詞，2.2 萬英文字符 萬英文字符,中文 中文 6400 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Palacios M, Martinez-Corral A, Nisar A, et al. Crowdsourcing and organizational forms: Emerging trends and research implications[J]. Journal of Business Research, 20

2、16, 69(5): 1834-1839.Crowdsourcing and organizational forms: Emerging trends and research implicationsMiguel Palacios, Alberto Martinez-Corral, Arsalan Nisar, Mercedes GrijalvoAbstractFinding new sources for ideas and so

3、lutions is central to the innovation process. Organizations are increasing the use of crowd and crowd-based platforms to find novel solutions, raise capital, develop new products, pursue collaborative ventures, and devel

4、op outcome-based services. Researchers are using crowdsourcing to describe this breadth and depth of organizational level engagement with the crowd for explaining search behavior for innovative action. Despite crowdsourc

5、ing's potential, most of the research on crowdsourcing focuses around the end functionality of crowdsourcing in the innovation process (e.g., end-product development, continuous feedback, and collaborative ventures).

6、 What is missing from the current research is a certain level of inquiry into the theoretical foundations and their implications for subjects like organizational forms and institutional logic that are central for crowd-l

7、evel engagement. Against this background, this study identifies emerging re- search themes within crowdsourcing, and maps out the future research lines.Keywords: Open innovation; Crowdfunding; Organizational forms; Colla

8、borative initiatives; Problem solving1. IntroductionOrganizations are increasingly using crowd for idea generation, finding novel solutions and financing new projects to maintain innovative action. As a result, the acade

9、mic discourse on crowdsourcing is on the rise (Afuah Boudreau Jeppesen Lehner, 2013); further enhanced due to some anecdotal evidence of various organizations like Mosaic Inc., Nestle, P Mollick, 2014),product design

10、 (Bayus, 2013; Poetz Piezunka Huizingh, 2011) and user innovation (e.g. von Hippel, 2005). This context leads to questioning whether openness, which partly depends on the call essentially refers to the crowd that can en

11、gage in meaningful interactions and provide solution, knowledge, and ideas. An online platform and other communication technologies coupled with social networking platforms largely facilitate this call. Fig. 1 emphasizes

12、 the fundamental components of a crowdsourcing initiative involving a seeker, online platform (intermediary), and the solution provider to map out the various stages and levels in a crowdsourcing initiative.Fig. 1. Mappi

13、ng out the components in crowdsourcing.3. Organizational forms and legitimacyThe literature offers a fragmented epistemology regarding the creation of or practices about new organization forms; although a certain amount

14、of conceptual work focuses on this area, studies reconnecting institutional research with processes that occur inside the organization are scarce (Suddaby, Elsbach, Greenwood, Meyer, (2) political pressures, such as the