[雙語翻譯]小額貸款外文翻譯—農(nóng)村小額信貸來自阿爾巴尼亞的證據(jù)

1、字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 2981 2981 單詞， 單詞，16706 16706 字符；中文 字符；中文 5100 5100 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Marku Marku E. E. Rural Rural Microcredit: Microcredit: Evidences Evidences From From Albania[J]. Albania[J]. European European Scientific Scient

2、ific Journal, Journal, ESJ,2016,12(10):104-111 ESJ,2016,12(10):104-111外文文獻(xiàn) 外文文獻(xiàn) Rural Microcredit: Evidences From AlbaniaAbstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse the issues and concerns of Albanian rural credit,

3、 which is a powerful tool for enhancing production and productivity and for poverty alleviation. Further it highlights some of the strategies adopted by the Albanian government to increase the rural credit facilities in

4、the rural area of Albania. The various problems faced by the farmers in applying for loans are analysed in detail. Rural credits serve as a tool for providing a sustainable livelihood for people who lives in these areas.

5、 Several organisations and Microfinance Institutions, are playing a major role in providing rural credit facilities to rural Albania, to make the rural credit facilities available to most of the needy. In spite of severa

6、l efforts put up by various organisations to increase the rural credit facilities, several challenges will prevail in the years to come. These aspects of the financial sector remain undervalued in mainstream literature o

7、n rural credit. With Albania being a nation in which more than 40 percent of people live in rural areas and rural credit being a powerful, and the only, tool for rural people in providing a means of livelihood, its impor

8、tance and potential should be known to each individual.Keywords: Credit, Rural, Rural Regions, Poverty, AlbaniaIntroductionAccess to finance is critical for the growth of the agriculture sector. The shift development of

9、solid financial services in rural areas in most developing countries. First, transaction costs in rural areas are higher than in urban areas due to a more dispersed population with weak infrastructure (International Fund

10、 for Agricultural Development [IFAD], 2009a). Second, and more importantly, the risk factors inherent in agriculture often inhibit financial institutions from lending. These include production risks linked to natural haz

11、ards (such as droughts, floods and pests), farmers weak ability to provide collateral (either because the farmer lacks title to land to offer as a loan guarantee or the value of the land may be too low) and the volatili

12、ty of prices (IFAD, 2009a). Third, the financial sector may not be sophisticated enough in some developing countries. The availability and innovation on sector-specific financial instruments and services is usually poor.

13、Also, although financial services may be available, they may not be suitable for all types of agricultural activities, which will have diverse needs with respect to timing for disbursements, amounts and risks, among othe

14、rs. For example, in seasonal farming, funding is needed in particular stages of the production process (IFAD, 2009a). At the same time, the offer of financial products may only be available to large-scale farming operati

15、ons with sound track records, and therefore may not meet the specific needs of the client.Finally, the lack of records and statistics on farming in developing countries makes assessment of credit suitability challenging

16、for financial providers. This changes the conditions required to access financial products and undermines opportunities for profitable investment.Who Needs Finance in the Agriculture SectorAgriculture encompasses a broad

17、 range of activities from small-scale farming to infrastructure projects to research and development. As a result, when referring to agriculture finance, the market clusters it in four groups. The groupings correspond to