外文翻譯--車(chē)輛動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的失效案例 萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉和傳動(dòng)軸（英文）

1、Two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A universal joint yoke and a drive shaftH. Bayrakceken *, S. Tasgetiren, _ I. YavuzAfyon Kocatepe University, Technical Education Faculty, Afyon 03200, T

2、urkeyReceived 16 November 2005; accepted 11 February 2006 Available online 19 May 2006AbstractPower transmission system of vehicles consist several components which sometimes encounter unfortunate failures. Some common r

3、easons for the failures may be manufacturing and design faults, maintenance faults raw material faults, material processing faults as well as the user originated faults. In this study, fracture analysis of a universal jo

4、int yoke and a drive shaft of an automobile power transmission system are carried out. Spectroscopic analyses, metallographic anal- yses and hardness measurements are carried out for each part. For the determination of s

5、tress conditions at the failed sec- tion, stress analyses are also carried out by the finite element method. ? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Drive shafts; Universal joint yoke; Failure analysis; Power

6、transmissions1. IntroductionThe movement of vehicles can be provided by transferring the torque produced by engines to tires after some modification. The transfer and modification system of vehicles is called as power tr

7、ansmission system and have different constructive features according to the vehicle’s driving type which can be front wheel drive, rear wheel drive or four wheel drive. Fig. 1 gives elements of a front wheel and a rear w

8、heel drive power trans- mission system. The elements of the system include clutch, transmission system, propeller shaft, joints, differ- ential, drive shafts and tires. Each element has many different design and construc

9、tion properties depending on the brands of vehicles. Heyes [1] studied the common failure types in automobiles and revealed that the fail- ures in the transmission system elements cover 1/4 of all the automobile failures

10、. Some common reasons for the failures may be manufacturing and design faults, maintenance faults, raw material faults as well as the user originated faults. Several researchers studied on the failures of the elements of

11、 power transmission system as there are many cases of the failures [2–5]. Bayrakceken analyzed the failure of a pinion shaft of a differential in a previous1350-6307/$ - see front matter ? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights r

12、eserved. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.03.003* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 272 228 1311; fax: +90 272 228 1319. E-mail address: bceken@aku.edu.tr (H. Bayrakceken).www.elsevier.com/locate/engfailanalEngineering Failu

13、re Analysis 14 (2007) 716–7242. Investigated failures in the power transmission system2.1. Case 1: Fatigue failure of an universal joint yokeThe analyzed universal joint is failed as the fracture of one arm of the yoke (

14、Fig. 4). The technical drawing and overall dimensions of the yoke is given in Fig. 5. Preliminary observation show that the failure occurred as a result of a fatigue process. As a result of spectroscopic analyses, the ob

15、tained chemical compositions are given in Table 1. The AISI 5046H is the most agreeable standard steel in the literature for this chemical composition [13]. AISI 5046H is a material in the low alloy steel group. Typical

16、mechanical properties are 1750 MPa of tensile strength and 1400 MPa of yield strength. For some strength levels, low-alloy steels have a good combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. Low alloy steels are used t

17、o a great extent in the manufacture of automobiles and trucks for parts that require superior strength and toughness properties which cannot be obtained from plain carbon steels as in the present case. Some other typical

18、 applications for low alloy steels in automobiles are shafts, axles, gears, and springs. The hardness values of the universal joint yoke are obtained in Rockwell A scale. The mean hardness value of three different locati

19、ons of yoke is obtained as 50.2 HRA. The metallographic study has given the microstructures in Fig. 6. As can be seen from figure, the micro- structure contains pearlite and ferrite. As can be predicted from the hardness

20、 values, the material is not quenched for the sake of protection of toughness. As a result of air cooling, the fine pearlite formation is occurred. The ferrite surrounding the fine pearlite morphology can be seen from th

21、e magnified figure.2.1.1. Finite element analysis A finite element stress analysis is carried out at the failure region to determine the stress distribution and possible design improvement. The ANSYS 7.1/Mechanical modul

22、e is utilized for the modeling of entire body.Wheel Nut Bearing Drive Shaft Fig. 2. A design type of shaft-wheel assembly.Yoke SpiderYoke SpiderFig. 3. A solid appearance of a universal shaft with two yokes and a spider.