外文翻譯---校園智能卡

1、 1英文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn):SMART CARD for SMART CAMPUSKFUPM Case StudyTala1 Halawani and Mohamed MohandesKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineralsmohandes@kfuum.edu. SaAbstractSmart card is the latest addition in the world of info

2、rmation technology. The vision of the smart card program is to provide access to services that is secure, fast,friendly, easy to use, flexible, personal, and is accessible by the users kom anyplace at any time. A smart c

3、ard is of the size of a conventional credit card with an embedded computer chip that stores and transacts data between users and devices. This data is associated with either value or information or both and is stored and

4、 processed within the chip of the card. The card data is transacted via a card reader attached to a computing system as a peripheral device. Smart cards are extensively used through several key applications like educatio

5、n, healthcare, banking, entertainment, and transportation.1. IntroductionSmart card is a mini-computer capable of storing and processing data. Although, at -present, they are most popular as single-function cash cards a

6、nd long-distance calling cards, their capabilities range from retaining tickets, money, frequent flyer miles, travel preferences, insurance information, key demographic data, links to a patient’s medical records, to

7、 allowing access into a building, logging onto a network, etc. The potential of the smart card is limitless. With the added bonus of these functions being performed on a single card, smart cards have the ability to becom

8、e indispensable tools. Smart cards were first introduced in Europe a couple of decades ago as a stored 3PIN must be stored in the host system in a secure environment, instead of on the magnetic strip. Most systems that

9、employ magnetic strip cards have on-line connections to the system’s host computer for security reasons. However, this generates considerable data transmission costs.The development of the smart card, combined with the e

10、xpansion of electronic data processing has created completely new possibilities for solving this problem. Progress in microelectronics in the 1970’s made it possible to integrate data storage and arithmetic logic on a si

11、ngle silicon chip measuring a few square millimeters [2]. The ideas of incorporating such an integrated circuit into an ID card was contained in a patent application filed in Japan by Kunitaka Arimura in Japan concerning

12、 “a plastic card incorporating one or more integrated circuit chips for the generationof distinguishing signals” in1970 [3]. However, the first real progress in the development of smart cards came when Ronal Moreno regis

13、tered his smart card patent on “an independent electronic object with memory” in France in 1974.A breakthrough was achieved in 1984, when the French telecommunication authorities decided to use prepaid chip cards for pub

14、lic pay phones due to the increasing vandalism and theft. Chip cards were demonstrated to be a cost effective solution. The French example was followed by many other countries. Today, more than 100 countries use chip car

15、ds for their public phone systems. By 1990 the total number of smart cards reached 60 million cards [4]. Today, several billion smart cards are in use worldwide.3. Types of Smart CardsSmart cards are composed of a chip,

16、an interface between the chip and the card reader, and a plastic body. Smart cards are classified according to the chip type; memory chip cards as well as microprocessor chip cards. They can also be classified according