曼昆經(jīng)濟學原理中文第四版 答案35

1、第 35 35 章《宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的五大爭論》 章《宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的五大爭論》(2008-10-19 12:05:14)標簽：雜談 分類：《經(jīng)濟學原理》習題選答復習題： 復習題：1. What causes the lags in the effect of monetary and fiscal policy on aggregate demand? What are the implications of these lags fo

2、r the debate over active versus passive policy? 什么因素導致貨幣和財政政策對總需求影響的時滯？這些時滯對積極和消極的政策的爭論的含義是什么？答：因為好多家庭和公司提前做好了消費和支出計劃，所以需要一定時間，人們總需求才會對利率調整做出反應。其結果，增加了實行積極的穩(wěn)健的貨幣財政政策的困難。因為經(jīng)濟并不是對政策立刻做出響應。2. What might motivate a central

3、 banker to cause a political business cycle? What does the political business cycle imply for the debate over policy rules? 政治性經(jīng)濟周期。政治性經(jīng)濟周期對政策規(guī)則爭論的含義是什么？答: 大選前，為影響選舉結果，中央銀行刺激經(jīng)濟。為了避免這種情況，應該制定規(guī)則，按照規(guī)則來實施貨幣政策，而不是

4、相機行事。3. Explain how credibility might affect the cost of reducing inflation.解釋信任度如何影響治理通脹的代價。答：信任度影響短期菲利普斯曲線的移動速度。如果美聯(lián)儲推出的治理通脹計劃很可信，那么短期菲利普斯曲線快速下移，治理通脹成本小。反之，則治理成本高。4. Why are some economists against a target o

5、f zero inflation?答：他們認為，保持零通脹成本太高，益處小。5. Explain two ways in which a government budget deficit hurts a future worker.政府預算赤字傷害下代工人。答：首先，下一代工人稅負更重了。其次，由于擠出效應，導致將來的資本存量減少，將來工人的收入減少。應用題： 應用題：1. The chapter sugge

6、sts that the economy, like the human body, has “natural restorative powers.” 本章提出，經(jīng)濟象人體一樣，有自然恢復力。a. Illustrate the short-run effect of a fall in aggregate demand using an aggregate-demand/aggregatesupply dia

7、gram. What happens to total output,income, and employment? 說明總需求減少的短期效應。答：經(jīng)濟從 A-〉B。b. If the government does not use stabilization policy, what happens to the economy over time? Illustrate on your diagram. Does this adju

8、stment generallyoccur in a matter of months or a matter of years? 政府不干預，發(fā)生什么？這種調整一般要幾年？幾個月？答：如上圖。B-〉C。這個過程需要數(shù)年完成。c. Do you think the “natural restorative powers” of the economy mean that policymakers should

9、be passive in response to the business cycle? 你認為“經(jīng)濟自我恢復”意外者對經(jīng)濟周期被動消極反應嗎？答：政府不介入，經(jīng)濟自我恢復很慢。如果政府能使總需求曲線右移，經(jīng)濟可以較快恢復。但是，由于時滯和信息不完整，增加總需求的政策可能搖擺不定。2. Policymakers who want to stabilize the economy must decide how much

10、 to change the money supply, government spending, or taxes. Why is it difficult forpolicymakers to choose the appropriate strength of their actions? 想穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟的決策者必須決定變動貨幣供給、政府支出或者稅收。為何對決策者而言，選擇行動的適當力度是困難的？答：首先是政策出臺到