地質(zhì)詞匯表

1、◆地質(zhì) ◆地質(zhì)(Geology)地質(zhì)年代（ 地質(zhì)年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sin

2、ian period (system) 震旦紀（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武紀（系）Ordovician period (system) 奧陶紀（系）Silurian period (system) 志留紀（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盤紀（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳紀（系）Permian period (system)

3、二疊紀（系）Triassic period (system) 三疊紀（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏羅紀（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白堊紀（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三紀（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四紀（系）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（ 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造（Geologic Structural）fault 斷層normal fau

4、lt 正斷層reversed fault 逆斷層parallel fault 平移斷層joint 節(jié)理unloading joint 卸荷節(jié)理schistosity 片理bedding 層理foliation 板理（葉理）orientation of bedrock 巖層產(chǎn)狀strike 走向dip 傾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 傾角fold 褶皺anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocli

5、ne (homocline) 單斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 軟弱巖層zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎帶affected zone 影響帶platy structure 板狀構(gòu)造fracture(rupture) 斷裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙巖石類型（ 巖石類型（Rock type）petrology 巖石學igneous rock 火成巖magmatic roc

6、k 巖漿巖lava(vocanic rock) 火山巖intrusive (invade) rock 侵入巖effusive rock 深成巖pypabussal rock 淺成巖acid rock 酸性巖inter-mediate rock 中性巖basic rock 基性巖ultrabasic rock 超基性巖granite 花崗巖porphyry 斑巖rhyolite 玢巖syenite 流紋巖trachyte 粗面巖diori

7、te 閃長巖andesite 安山巖gabbro 輝長巖basalt 玄武巖aplite 細晶巖pegmatite 偉晶巖lamprophyre 煌斑巖diabase 輝綠巖dunite 橄欖巖pumice 浮巖sedimentary rock 沉積巖clastic rock 碎屑巖clay rock 黏土巖chemical rock 化學巖biolith 生物巖conglomerate 礫巖sandston 砂巖siltstone 粉

8、砂巖mudstone 泥巖Shale (marly) 頁巖（泥灰質(zhì)）saline rock 鹽巖residual stress 殘余應力angle of internal friction 內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion內(nèi)聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 壓力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆蓋物（層）diposit 堆積物（層）bed rock(base rock/

9、foundation rock) 基巖firm/sound rock 堅硬巖石weak/soft rock 軟弱巖石interbed 夾層zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎帶homogeneity 均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均質(zhì)性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向異性Rock burst 巖爆squeez 擠壓礦物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì) 礦物質(zhì)的物理性

10、質(zhì)(Physical Character of Minerals)hardness 硬度cleavage 解理luster 光澤color 顏色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 條痕rent/fracture 斷口crystal form 晶形巖石學 巖石學(Petrology)classification 分類structure 構(gòu)造應力texture 結(jié)構(gòu)mineral composition

11、 礦物組成crystalline 結(jié)晶質(zhì)amorphous substance 非晶質(zhì)fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圓度degree of grains 粒度地層地貌 地層地貌(Stratum and Physiognomy)basin 盆地river valley 河谷river bed 河床topography 地形terrain 地勢attitude 產(chǎn)狀rock base ( batholite)

12、巖基rock stock 巖株rock flow 巖流rock loccolith 巖蓋rock lopolith 巖盆rock dike 巖墻rock sill 巖床vein dyke 巖脈sediment(deposit) 沉積物（層）alluvium 沖積物（層）proluvium(diluvium) 洪積物（層）deluvium 坡積物（層）eluvium 殘積物（層）eolian deposit 風積物（層）lake depo

13、sit 湖積物（層）marine deposit 海積物（層）glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉積物（層）colluvial deposit (colluvium) 崩積物（層）cross-bedding 交錯層geologic structure 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geotectonics 大地構(gòu)造學graben 地塹horst 地壘cordance(conformity) 整合discordance(unconformit