2015年vi設(shè)計外文翻譯--標(biāo)志設(shè)計和企業(yè)形像（中英文）

1、<p>　　中文3450字,2000單詞，1萬英文字符</p><p>　　出處：Ad”R G, Adr” V, Pascu N E. Logo Design and the Corporate Identity[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, 51:650-654.</p><p>　　Logo desi

2、gn and the corporate identity</p><p>　　George Adîr, Victor Adîr, Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This paper presents the importance

3、of a logo as a graphic element to support a corporate identity. A logo is a graphic identity vector and it has its place in a communication strategy of a company. It is about the signature of a company. That is why is ve

4、ry important to be able to create a harmony between colours and shapes concerning the universe of logos. There are two stages: first, the research and market projection and the second, the creative graphic work. These tw

5、o stages achieve the poss</p><p>　　© 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Ayse Cakir Ilhan</p><p>　　Open access under CC BY-NC-ND l

6、icense.</p><p>　　Keywords: Logo design, graphic symbol, design stages, logo lifting;</p><p>　　First of all we have to see what a logo is. It is a symbol, a graphic and visual sign which plays an

7、 important role into the communication structure of a company. A logo is a clear graphic element which make possible to distinct between companies. A logo is a signature of a company, may be like a new conception, a cert

8、ain life style etc. It is about a bridge between the public and the company. It conveys details in a very concentrate graphic representation. It is a possible sign to compare simil</p><p>　　Logo application

9、domains</p><p>　　Its domain is so wide. Shortly, someone see this graphic symbol in social, economic and political life. Bellow there are specified only a few domains:</p><p>　　Legality and law

10、(office copy, advocates, insurance, justice, associations, foundations, political parties etc.);</p><p>　　Education and culture (universities, schools/high schools/colleges/libraries/bookstores etc.);</p&

11、gt;<p>　　Transport activities (driving schools, taxies, transport companies, auto brands, car parts stores etc.);</p><p>　　Constructions and development programs (construction materials, decorations,

12、furniture, solar energy, equipments and hardware etc.);</p><p>　　Medical activities/pharmaceutics (medical clinics, health spas, drugstores, specialized cabinets etc.);</p><p>　　Cosmetics and sp

13、a treatments (cabinets and body wellness salons, fitness, cosmetics, hairstyle, barber shops, spa & beauty salons etc.);</p><p>　　Food industry (candy shop/pastry shop, coffee shop, restaurant/pub/bar, t

14、ea house, catering etc.);</p><p>　　Media & Advertising (media network, TV cable, TV company, audio company, advertising/commercials etc.);</p><p>　　Sports and sports equipment (sports clubs,

15、 sporting events, sports, sport fashion stores, etc);</p><p>　　Financial-banking activities (banks, financial-banking consulting firms, exchange offices etc.);</p><p>　　Varied services (tourism/

16、travel, recreation activities, auto service, car wash, vulcanization shop, auto garage, supermarket, cleaning, sanitation, utilitarian mountain climbing, telecommunications, internet/software etc.).</p><p>　

17、　For these activities there are necessary proper symbols. For example:</p><p>　　justice: law books, the justice scale, the Constitution, a person pleading etc.;</p><p>　　travel: landscapes, boa

18、ts, trucks, beach, sea, mountains, cottage etc.;</p><p>　　auto: cars, wheel, tyres, body car parts, dash board etc.;</p><p>　　pet shop/vet medical care: domestic and savage animals.</p>&

19、lt;p>　　an harmonious mixture which is driven ?to catch” and to be part of people's mind.</p><p>　　The attributes and the functions of a logo</p><p>　　The attributes</p><p>　　

20、Its characteristics come from its flexibility to be pictured on a lot of support items, as paper, plastics, textile, metal etc. A logo attributes have to assure a strong identity of a company/service/product. A logo must

21、 be:</p><p>　　Legible - a very good writing;</p><p>　　Coherent - clear, easy to be understood;</p><p>　　Adaptable - to be designed in horizontal and vertical formats, in any size;&l

22、t;/p><p>　　Reproducible - easy to be copied, black and white or colored;</p><p>　　Memorable - never forget it;</p><p>　　Timeless - means a test to survive in time;</p><p>

23、　　Simple - to be easy recognized.</p><p>　　The functions</p><p>　　The logo functions are those who assure the graphic, visual and feeling communication and allow the translation of the message t

24、o the public. The power of a logo is a guarantee of the quality and the value of products. Its functions are rational and feeling. See these functions below with a short characterization:</p><p>　　Contact fu

25、nction - assures and sustains the contact to the public;</p><p>　　Explain function - specifies the identity and the personality of the organization;</p><p>　　Denotative function - offers informa

26、tion about the product/service/event;</p><p>　　Identification function - indicates the target public;</p><p>　　Signification function - follows to add emotion;</p><p>　　Translation

27、function - explains the code of the message;</p><p>　　Esthetics function - inspires pleasure, sensibility.</p><p>　　Logo design stages</p><p>　　There are two stages very important t

28、o create and to define a logo: first, the research and, second, the graphics. That is why a logo designer has to know the action area and the purposed theme thus to develop a high level work and not a copy according to k

29、nown patterns. It is necessary to go over them from the beginning till the end. What is in front of the public is the graphic result. Below, in figure 2, we present the two stages and the phases for each. Every phase and

30、 every sketched line me</p><p>　　Figure 2. The logo design stages</p><p>　　Logo typology</p><p>　　The logo design universe is unsuspected wide. The existing geometric shapes and oth

31、er new developed and, also, the wide scale of colours, allow a very good field for a creative designer. By analysing the logo typology we see three main types:</p><p>　　Iconic or symbolic logo - represented

32、by an emblem, a symbol, a sign or an object; (This kind of logo is a suggestive graphic representation, something which can be mental registered, processed, explained and understood. For this kind of logo is possible to

33、have graphic representations of animals, fruits, insects, daily units, suggestive symbols for various activities or actions. If somebody is wishing to create an iconic logo, it has to drive into the first stage and phase

34、s and after that work,</p><p>　　A text defined a logo - is represented only by letters/numbers as a text or as single letters/number; (There is no graphic symbol. The creation of these logos is a personifica

35、tion using a peculiar writing.)</p><p>　　A mixed logo - concerning in a symbol and a text together; (For this kind a logo there are two support elements: the first one is a text (the name of the company/prod

36、uct/service/event etc.) and the second one is a symbol (geometric shapes, different signs, various images etc.).There are logos which include inside a geometric shape a text which may be a name.)</p><p>　　Sh

37、ape and colour in logo design</p><p>　　6.1 Geometric shape</p><p>　　The geometric shapes are important elements in a corporate identity strategy. There are many classic geometric shapes which su

38、ggest an image of the company. Table 1 presents only a few geometric shapes and their suggestive induction.</p><p>　　All these shapes try to satisfy the attributes and the functions of a logo through graphic

39、s and to communicate the identity of the company. Graphics elements as symbols, signs, pictograms etc. are usually used in logo design. It is a problem of choosing the right graphic element and this means a solid creativ

40、e work of a designer.</p><p>　　Table 1. Suggestive induction of the shape in a logo design</p><p>　　Geometric shapeSuggestive induction</p><p>　　circleperfection, balance</p>

41、;<p>　　squarestability, power</p><p>　　rectangleduration, progress</p><p>　　ellipsecontinue searching</p><p>　　triangleharmony, urge towards</p><p>　　spiral

42、advancement, detaching</p><p>　　sphereperfection, finality</p><p>　　pyramidintegration, convergence</p><p>　　cubestability, integrity</p><p>　　6.2. Colour</p>

43、<p>　　The colour is a very important constitutive element and has a role to balance its graphic. The colour has to be carefully selected do not disturb the public. In this universe of logo design there are monochro

44、me logos, two colours logos, three or four colours etc. The essential thing is to be very good integrated in the graphic structure of the logo. It is known that many colours in a logo made a difficult reception of it fro

45、m the public. Generally we speak about one, two or three colours in a lo</p><p>　　GIDI SolutionGIDI SolutionGIDI SolutionGIDI solutionGIDI solutionGIDI Solution</p><p>　　Figure 3. The adapt

46、ability of a logo</p><p>　　Logo evolution/logo lifting</p><p>　　Is very important to see the evolution of well-known logos to understand in which way the public received the logo after a lifting

47、 process. Every time, in a specialized literature, is presented Coca Cola logo as a timeless graphic symbol, the same from 1885. As a distinction, Pepsi Cola logo is different from writing hand (1898) to typographic styl

48、e (today). Apple is another example. At the beginning(1976) was as a picture of Isaac Newton and the name Apple Computer(difficult to be understand fo</p><p>　　There are many other examples which show diff

49、erent shape, colours or symbols of logos in time (Nokia, BP,IBM etc.).</p><p>　　As an example of logo design is the creative work for a logo for Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design Department (

50、Politehnica University of Bucharest). Figure 4 represents a variety of this logo.</p><p>　　Figure 4. Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design Department (GIDI) logo</p><p>　　Acknowledgements&l

51、t;/p><p>　　The logo design is a creative work which allows to a company to be seen through a symbol as a visual and graphic message. We think there for many opportunities to build an image using such a graphic

52、 symbol. As you see the logo ”lifting” try to rebuild a new “face” of a company using the already existing elements or other new, unknown. Size, colours and shape are three important elements in a design activity. If som

53、eone wants “to picture” a logo must know the attributes and functions of it, sugg</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　Adîr, V.(2011). O comunicare specializata. Grafica publicitara. Bucuresti, ed.

54、 Printech, ( Chapter 3).</p><p>　　Adîr, V., Adîr, G., Pascu, N., E.(2009). Logo, as identity graphic vector. Acta Technica Napocensis,52, vol.Ia, 121-124</p><p>　　Adîr, V., Ad

55、8;r G., Pascu, N., E.( 2011). Logo, as a graphic tool of branding. Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din Iasi, Tomul LVII(LXI), Fasc 3, 7-12.</p><p>　　Adîr, V., Adîr, G., Pascu, N.,E.(2011).Geometr

56、ic shape and colour in logo design. Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din Iasi, Tomul LVII(LXI), Fasc.3, 267-274.</p><p>　　Carter, E., D.(2005). The Big Book of Color in Design, New York, Collins Design. Car

57、ter, E., D., Stephens, S.(2007). The Big Book of Logos. New York, Collins Design.</p><p>　　Drew,J.,T.,Meyer,S.,A.(2008). Colour Management for Logos. Lausanne, Rotovision SA, ( Chapters 1,2,3,4,5). Evamy,M.(

58、2007). Logo.London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.</p><p>　　Heilbrunn,B.(2006). Logo-ul., Bucuresti: ed. Comunicare.</p><p>　　Macario,J.,W.(2009). Graphic Design Essentials: skills, softwareaand

59、creative solutions. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, (Chapter 6). Olins,W.(2009). Manual de branding. Bucuresti:ed. Vellant, (Chapters 2,3).</p><p><b>　　標(biāo)志設(shè)計和企業(yè)形象</b></p><p>　　G

60、eorge Adîr,, Victor Adîr, Nicoleta Elisabeta Pascu</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　本文介紹了一個標(biāo)志作為一個圖形元素來支持企業(yè)的身份的重要性。一個標(biāo)志是一個圖形的矢量，它在一個公司的營銷策略中有一定的重要位置。它是辨識一個公司的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這就是為什么在標(biāo)志設(shè)計領(lǐng)域能夠設(shè)計

61、出一個顏色和形狀都配合出色的標(biāo)志很重要的原因。要設(shè)計出一個出色的標(biāo)志，有兩個階段:首先,要進行研究和市場預(yù)測,第二,創(chuàng)意圖形的制作。這兩個階段對于成功設(shè)計一個出色的標(biāo)志來說，是非常必要的。</p><p>　　©2012愛思唯爾出版有限公司。在Prof. Dr. Ayse Cakir Ilhan監(jiān)督審查下完成。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:標(biāo)志設(shè)計、圖形符號、設(shè)計階段,標(biāo)志提升;

62、</p><p><b>　　1、介紹</b></p><p>　　首先我們必須明白標(biāo)志到底是什么。它是一個象征,一個圖形和視覺信號，在一個公司的傳播策略中扮演這一個重要的角色。一個標(biāo)志是一個清晰的圖形元素，它使公司變得獨特，與眾不同，能夠區(qū)別于其他公司。一個標(biāo)志是一個公司的象征,可能會像一個新概念,一個特定的生活方式等。它是大眾和公司的橋梁。它集中的通過一個圖形的細

63、節(jié)來表達要傳達的意義。它是一個比較同類公司的信號。這就是為什么創(chuàng)建一個標(biāo)志不是一個隨意的事情,是經(jīng)過詳細的分析、幾何圖形、顏色、各種標(biāo)志和符號后得出的結(jié)果,把所有元素完美的混合在一起，創(chuàng)造出一個能夠“吸引”并成為人們思想的一部分的標(biāo)志。</p><p><b>　　2、標(biāo)志應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域</b></p><p>　　它的領(lǐng)域是如此廣泛。迅速的,人們將看到這個圖形符號在社會、

64、經(jīng)濟和政治生活中出現(xiàn)。以下有指定的只有幾個領(lǐng)域:</p><p>　　1.合法性和法律（正式文本，倡導(dǎo)者，保險，司法，協(xié)會，基金會，政黨等）;</p><p>　　2.教育和文化（大學(xué)，中學(xué)/高中/學(xué)院/庫/書店等）;</p><p>　　3．運輸活動（駕駛學(xué)校，出租車，運輸公司，汽車品牌，汽車配件商店等）;</p><p>　　4．建設(shè)和發(fā)

65、展計劃（建材，裝飾，家具，太陽能，設(shè)備和硬件等）;</p><p>　　5．醫(yī)療活動/醫(yī)藥（醫(yī)療診所，健康水療中心，藥店，專業(yè)櫥柜等）;</p><p>　　6．化妝品和水療護理（柜和身體健康美發(fā)，健身，化妝品，發(fā)型，理發(fā)店， </p><p>　　水療和美容美發(fā)等）; </p><p>　　7.食品工業(yè)（糖果店/糕點店，咖啡廳，西餐廳/酒吧

66、/酒吧，茶館，餐飲等）; </p><p>　　8.媒體及廣告（媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)，電視線，電視公司，音響公司，廣告/廣告等）；</p><p>　　9.體育及運動器材（體育俱樂部，體育賽事，體育，運動時尚店等）; </p><p>　　10.金融銀行業(yè)務(wù)（銀行，金融理財咨詢公司，兌換處等）; </p><p>　　11.多樣的服務(wù)（旅游/旅游，娛樂等

67、活動，汽車服務(wù)，洗車，硫化車間，自動車庫， </p><p>　　超市，清潔，衛(wèi)生，功利登山，電訊，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)/軟件等）。</p><p>　　對于這些活動，有一個正確的標(biāo)志是必要的。例如： </p><p>　　- 正義：法律書籍，司法尺度，憲法，個人要求等; </p><p>　　- 旅游：山水，船只，卡車，沙灘，大海，高山，山寨機等; &l

68、t;/p><p>　　- 汽車：汽車，車輪，輪胎，車身汽車零件，儀表板等; </p><p>　　- 寵物店/獸醫(yī)醫(yī)療：家庭的和野蠻的動物。 </p><p>　　一個完美和諧的結(jié)合是驅(qū)使一個標(biāo)志抓住人的注意成為人思想一部分的原因。</p><p>　　3.標(biāo)志的屬性和功能</p><p><b>　　3.1屬性

69、 </b></p><p>　　其特點來自它的靈活性，可以被印刷在很多承印物上，如紙，塑料，紡織物，金屬等。標(biāo)識屬性必須確保公司/服務(wù)/產(chǎn)品的強大的身份。標(biāo)識必須是：</p><p>　　??易讀 - 一個很不錯的寫作; </p><p>　　􀂾相關(guān) - 清晰，易于理解; </p><p>　　􀂾

70、;適應(yīng)性 - 被設(shè)計在水平和垂直格式，可以放大縮小成任意尺寸; </p><p>　　􀂾重復(fù)性 - 容易被復(fù)制，黑白或彩色; </p><p>　　􀂾難忘的 - 永遠不會忘記; </p><p>　　􀂾永恒的 - 指一個測試中的時間才能生存; </p><p>　　??簡單 - 要容易確認

71、。</p><p><b>　　3.2功能 </b></p><p>　　該標(biāo)志職能是保證圖形、視覺和感覺的溝通，并把信息傳遞給公眾。標(biāo)識的力量是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和價值的保證。它的功能是理性和感覺。請參閱下面的一個簡短描述這些功能：</p><p>　　1.聯(lián)系功能 - 確保和維持接觸公眾; </p><p>　　2.解釋函數(shù)

72、 - 指定的身份和組織的個性; </p><p>　　3.外延功能 - 提供有關(guān)產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)/事件信息; </p><p>　　4.識別功能 - 指示目標(biāo)公眾; </p><p>　　5.意義的功能 - 如下補充情感; </p><p>　　6.翻譯功能 - 解釋消息的代碼; </p><p>　　7.美學(xué)功能 - 激發(fā)

73、愉悅，感性。</p><p><b>　　4.標(biāo)志設(shè)計階段 </b></p><p>　　對于創(chuàng)建和定義一個標(biāo)志有兩個特別重要的階段：第一，研究。第二，圖形。這就是為什么一個標(biāo)志設(shè)計師必須知道作用領(lǐng)域和主題旨意以便于創(chuàng)造一個高端的作品，而不是模仿已知的模式。有必要在設(shè)計過程中一直去對他們進行審核。在公眾面前展示的是圖形結(jié)果。下面，在圖2中，我們提出了兩個階段和每個時期

74、。 </p><p>　　每一個階段和每一個繪制的線都很重要，我們的建議是：不要忽視每個階段！</p><p><b>　　在第一階段 </b></p><p><b>　　研究與市場預(yù)測 </b></p><p><b>　　􀂾要設(shè)置主題; </b><

75、/p><p>　　􀂾要識別現(xiàn)有的標(biāo)志在優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)域</p><p><b>　　內(nèi) </b></p><p>　　􀂾要對現(xiàn)有的標(biāo)志進行競爭調(diào)研; </p><p>　　􀂾要固定標(biāo)志的目標(biāo)公眾群體</p><p>　　􀂾要指定標(biāo)志的支

76、持元素 </p><p>　　􀂾要分析的圖形創(chuàng)意 </p><p>　　在所要求領(lǐng)域的可行性。</p><p><b>　　圖2.標(biāo)志設(shè)計階段</b></p><p><b>　　5.標(biāo)志的類型 </b></p><p>　　標(biāo)志設(shè)計的宇宙是沒有限制的。現(xiàn)有

77、的幾何形狀和其他新開發(fā)的包括顏色的比例顏色的寬比例，為創(chuàng)意設(shè)計師提供了一個非常好的發(fā)揮場地。通過分析標(biāo)志的類型我們看到三種主要類型：</p><p>　　1.標(biāo)志性的或象征性的標(biāo)志 - 由一個象征，一個符號，一個標(biāo)志或一個對象表示，（這種標(biāo)志是提示圖示，一種可以在心理記住，處理，解釋和理解的東西。 </p><p>　　對于這種標(biāo)識可能由動物的圖形，水果，昆蟲，每日單位，暗示各種活動或行動

78、的符號來表示。如果有人希望創(chuàng)建一個標(biāo)志性的徽標(biāo)，它必須按照第一階段進行工作和審查，并且在這些都完成之后，繪制提示標(biāo)志，使用幾何形狀和顏色具有含義）。</p><p>　　2.用文本定義的標(biāo)志 - 僅由字母/數(shù)字作為文本或單個字母/數(shù)字表示;（沒有圖形符號。這些標(biāo)志是使用一種特殊的寫作方式進行創(chuàng)作的。）</p><p>　　3.混合的標(biāo)志 – 把符號和文字組合在一起（對于這種標(biāo)志有兩個支持元

79、素：第一個是文本（公司/產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)/事件的名稱等），第二個是符號（幾何形狀，不同標(biāo)志，各種圖像等）。有的標(biāo)志包括幾何形狀的內(nèi)部有文本的可能是一個名稱。）</p><p>　　6、標(biāo)志設(shè)計中的顏色和形狀 </p><p><b>　　6.1幾何形狀 </b></p><p>　　幾何形狀是在一個企業(yè)形象戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容。有很多經(jīng)典的幾何 形狀來表示

80、公司的形象。表1列出了只有少數(shù)的幾何形狀和它們的暗示感應(yīng)。 </p><p>　　所有這些形狀嘗試通過圖形以滿足標(biāo)識的屬性和功能，從而更好的表達公司的特性。 </p><p>　　圖形元素，符號，標(biāo)志，象形等通常被應(yīng)用在標(biāo)志設(shè)計中。能夠選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)膱D形元素是一個難題，這意味著設(shè)計師要有扎實的創(chuàng)意功底。</p><p>　　表1中.標(biāo)志設(shè)計中形狀的暗示誘導(dǎo)</

81、p><p><b>　　6.2 顏色</b></p><p>　　顏色是一個非常重要的組成元件，它在平衡圖形方面起到一定的作用。顏色一定要經(jīng)過精挑細選防止公眾反感。在標(biāo)志設(shè)計領(lǐng)域中有單色標(biāo)志，雙色標(biāo)志，三個或四個顏色的標(biāo)志等。最基本的是保證標(biāo)志結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。我們知道一個包含很多很多顏色的標(biāo)志一般都很難被公眾接受。通常我們談?wù)摰亩际?一，二或三種顏色的標(biāo)識。另外，標(biāo)識的另一

82、個重要特征是將被作為任何尺寸圖形信息。在任何尺寸下都有相同的特性和相同的形狀是一個標(biāo)志的重要特征。在圖3中，有人可能會看到這樣的景象。</p><p>　　圖3.一個標(biāo)志的適應(yīng)性</p><p>　　7、標(biāo)志的進化/標(biāo)識崛起</p><p>　　去觀察一個著名的標(biāo)志是非常重要的，以了解公眾是以哪種方式接受升級之后的。每當(dāng)在一個文獻中提及可口可樂時，都會介紹可口可樂的

83、標(biāo)志作為一個永恒的圖形符號，從1885之后就沒有變過。作為區(qū)分，百事可樂標(biāo)志的演變是從1898年的手寫體變?yōu)榻裉斓挠∷Ⅲw。另一個例子是蘋果。在開始的時候（ 1976）標(biāo)志是艾薩克·牛頓和名稱的圖片，名字命名為蘋果電腦（對許多人來說都難以理解），現(xiàn)在它的標(biāo)志只是一個蘋果。福特從1927年到現(xiàn)在幾乎都是同樣的形狀，白色的FORD，藍色的底色。馬自達已經(jīng)重新編寫字體從而變成現(xiàn)在這個壯觀的標(biāo)志。雷諾是從一個菱形（ 1925）演變成鉆石

84、菱形（ 2011年）。通用電氣自</p><p>　　從1930年一直在用同一個圓形和花樣字體。阿爾法羅密歐也是自從1910年就保持相同的形狀和符號沒有變過。殼牌也一直保持外殼的形狀（從1904年），但是現(xiàn)在它有一個現(xiàn)代化的風(fēng)格和形狀。聯(lián)邦快遞公司是以公司的白色箭頭做為標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　有許多其他的例子，它們展現(xiàn)不同的形狀，顏色或標(biāo)志的符號時間（諾基亞，BP，IBM等），作為標(biāo)志

85、設(shè)計的一個例子，標(biāo)志創(chuàng)作工作對于大學(xué)工程制圖和工業(yè)設(shè)計系(布加勒斯特的伯樂蘭尼卡大學(xué))。圖4表示了各種這樣的標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　圖4.工程制圖與工業(yè)設(shè)計系（GIDI）標(biāo)志</p><p><b>　　致謝 </b></p><p>　　標(biāo)志設(shè)計是一種創(chuàng)造性的工作，它允許一個公司通過視覺符號和圖形信息被看到。我們認為有很多機會，建立使用這

86、樣的圖形符號的圖像。正如你看到的標(biāo)志升級嘗試使用已存在的元素或其他新的未知元素重建公司的新“面孔”。大小，顏色和形狀是在一個設(shè)計活動的三個重要因素。如果有人要“畫”一個 標(biāo)志那他必須知道它的屬性和功能，提示誘導(dǎo)形狀、數(shù)目和顏色的含義 。當(dāng)有人談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)企業(yè)身份的問題時，就一定會想象到標(biāo)志和圖形。研究和創(chuàng)作的平面作品這兩方面能力必須獲得提升，這樣任何一個設(shè)計者都能設(shè)計出最好的作品。</p><p><b>

87、　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　Adîr, V.(2011). O comunicare specializata. Grafica publicitara. Bucuresti, ed. Printech, ( Chapter 3).</p><p>　　Adîr, V., Adîr, G., Pascu, N., E.(2009).

88、Logo, as identity graphic vector. Acta Technica Napocensis,52, vol.Ia, 121-124</p><p>　　Adîr, V., Adîr G., Pascu, N., E.( 2011). Logo, as a graphic tool of branding. Buletinul Institutului Politehn

89、ic din Iasi, Tomul LVII(LXI), Fasc 3,</p><p><b>　　7-12.</b></p><p>　　Adîr, V., Adîr, G., Pascu, N.,E.(2011).Geometric shape and colour in logo design. Buletinul Institutulu

90、i Politehnic din Iasi, Tomul LVII(LXI),</p><p>　　Fasc.3, 267-274.</p><p>　　Carter, E., D.(2005). The Big Book of Color in Design, New York, Collins Design.</p><p>　　Carter, E., D.,

91、Stephens, S.(2007). The Big Book of Logos. New York, Collins Design.</p><p>　　Drew,J.,T.,Meyer,S.,A.(2008). Colour Management for Logos. Lausanne, Rotovision SA, ( Chapters 1,2,3,4,5).</p><p>　　

92、Evamy,M.(2007). Logo.London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.</p><p>　　Heilbrunn,B.(2006). Logo-ul., Bucuresti: ed. Comunicare.</p><p>　　Macario,J.,W.(2009). Graphic Design Essentials: skills, soft