外文翻譯---淺析建筑材料鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)

1、<p>　　Analyses to detect the steel structure of building material</p><p>　　Abstract: the article briefly introduces the construction steel structure material properties and detection methods, focusing o

2、n the steel structure detection method and quality detection method in this paper, the analysis, to ensure the quality of light steel structure, steel structure material performance into full play.</p><p>　　

3、Key words: steel structure inspection; Steel structural materials; Quality inspection; Quality evaluation</p><p>　　Steel structure detection in individual ascension detection technology at the same time, pay

4、 attention to the development and implementation of integration, perfect the complete steel structure detection technology, including steel mechanical properties tests (tensile, bending, impact, hardness) fasteners, mech

5、anical performance testing, steel structure (sliding resistance coefficient, axial force), steel metallurgical testing analysis, microstructure analysis, micro-hardness testing), steel, ch</p><p>　　A, steel

6、structure material</p><p>　　From the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of steel. Monomial index of the material does not repres

7、ent all of its features, must be based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data: in the steel production of time, the supply of stee

8、l technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicato</p><p>　　Material inspection including steel profiles (including welding h-beam, welded pipe), welding, b

9、olts ball and connection fasteners testing, material, welding, bolts ball is the basic elements of steel structure engineering, its quality is directly related to the quality of the project.</p><p>　　Profile

10、s, it is material to grow milling width of specimen and then stretch the cold bending test, the physical properties testing; Welding ball is must be the diameter of the pipe welding according to the standard, then the te

11、nsile compressive tests are carried out; Very similar to the bolt and the welding ball, but no compression test; Connection fasteners, mainly is the high strength bolts for us. High strength bolt mainly control the quali

12、ty of the project including the minimum load detectio</p><p>　　B, steel structure detection</p><p>　　(a) steel structure thickness of section is measured by thickness gauge</p><p>　

13、　Steel structure because of the influence of the processing accuracy and section of corrosion, the steel structure of the section thickness is often some changes. Especially corrosion section thinning, bearing capacity d

14、ecreased, the structure safety degree of influence is very big. Therefore, thickness of section steel structure determination is an important task.</p><p>　　At present, the thickness measurement is a kind of

15、 caliper, one is thickness is measured by thickness gauge. Described below using ultrasonic thickness gauge Numbers of cross section thickness measuring method.</p><p>　　The ultrasonic pulse reflection metho

16、d. Ultrasonic spread from a homogeneous medium to another kind of homogeneous medium, boundary will occur on the surface of acoustic reflection, from the launch of the ultrasonic probe, after a delay block into the piece

17、 under test, ultrasonic wave arrived at interface, and be reflected back, be received through delay block and probe receives, measured between the transmitted pulse to the received pulse time, deduct the delay time, acco

18、rding to the relationsh</p><p>　　(2) the steel structure coating thickness measurement</p><p>　　And in identification of steel structure coating quality and coating thickness is an important par

19、ameter, therefore determination of coating thickness is an important project.</p><p>　　Coating thickness measurement generally magnetic thickness tester is used to test, have the product at home and abroad.

20、Domestic magnetic coating thickness gauge material testing in tianjin factory of the product, name is QCC - type A magnetic thickness gauge.</p><p>　　With magnetic thickness gauge, adjusted the instruments,

21、make it has normal work performance.</p><p>　　Must first determine the measurement range, the first leg of 0 ~ 50 microns, the second leg of 0 ~ 500 microns.</p><p>　　When measured in the probe

22、contact coating to be tested. Determination of first to remove the coating surface dirt and oil, in case influence precision.</p><p>　　When testing coating according to the specific circumstances to determin

23、e, first, through the instrument to determine presence of coating, because coating under the action of a long-term environmental damage until disappear coating, coating or not is an important parameter of coating. Becaus

24、e the presence of residual coating is an important structure corrosion level line, is also a permanent evaluation of important boundaries.</p><p>　　(3) the steel structure roof deflection measurement</p&g

25、t;<p>　　General span steel roof truss is larger, such as 21, 24, 30 m), measuring the deflection of more difficult, have to use a lot of force to pull the wire, and wire request has a certain tensile strength. Whe

26、n measuring the key to seize steel wire straightening, the measurements are accurate. At the same time, it is better to have a completed record, the original steel roof truss ever an arch or deflection value after constr

27、uction. The two values was determined to determine roof stress and deflecti</p><p>　　When the deflection is measured to determine best protection, namely, general in the cross point is determined. Such as th

28、e clinometer determination of drawn steel wire in case of obstacles in the middle. Such as Angle steel, wire, etc., must be in advance expenditure point on both ends right now, in order to make steel wire straightening.

29、Advance expenditure point, measure the deflection values must be minus the average of the two fulcrum height, is' the actual deflection value. Endpoints at th</p><p>　　C,The quality of the steel structur

30、e inspection and evaluation</p><p>　　Geometry size deviation, the nonlinear components, the structure is the poor quality of the welding and riveting, primer and paint quality is bad, is the main defect of s

31、teel structure in the manufacturing stage; Structure position deviation, transport and installation due to mechanical action local deformation, cause the distortion of the component and connection node component assembly

32、 is not accurate, installation quality is poor, packing or pack some fasteners, batten plate, less weld dimens</p><p>　　The quality inspection of steel structure in addition to the material mechanics perform

33、ance testing according to procedures and related to chemical composition analysis, should carry on the bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage detection and comprehensive assessment, to determine their level of

34、quality.</p><p>　　(a) material inspection and measurement</p><p>　　From the use point of view, strength, plasticity, weldability and cold short destructive is building the basic performance of s

35、teel. Monomial index of the material does not represent all of its features, must be based on the comprehensive evaluation indicators of routine test. Assessment should also collect the following data for reference data:

36、 in the steel production of time, the supply of steel technology condition and product specifications. Must find out the steel grades, technical indicato</p><p>　　Steel material mechanical test and chemical

37、analysis results, should comply with the provisions of the corresponding procedures.</p><p>　　(2) steel structure component deformation test and evaluation</p><p>　　Steel structure of the final

38、comprehensive evaluation is made up of bearing capacity, deformation, corrosion, damage from four aspects carries on the comprehensive consideration and analysis, and mainly carrying capacity level is given.</p>&

39、lt;p>　　About corrosion and damage of hierarchies, you may refer to the execution of construction acceptance specifications and regulations provisions in steel structure design code. But comprehensive evaluation at the

40、 end of the "standard" regulation:</p><p>　　1. When the deformation level lower than the carrying capacity, is determined according to the bearing capacity level.</p><p>　　2. When the

41、deformation of two level lower than the carrying capacity, and the corrosion and damage is severe, again according to the lower level to determine bearing capacity.</p><p>　　(3) the strength of the steel str

42、ucture, deformation and defect detection</p><p>　　Steel structure strength and deformation test, commonly used with electrical measuring method and measuring method. Electrical measuring method is to use ele

43、ctrical signal (e.g., current, resistance, capacitance, etc.) changes and its electrical variation in the relationship of mechanical quantity and to determine its mechanical quantity (such as strain and stress); The dete

44、rmination of the scope of the static and dynamic two kinds. Machine is mainly determined the deformation test method (such </p><p>　　Defect detection on steel structure, the commonly used ultrasonic method a

45、nd electromagnetic method. To have built steel structure identification, inspection of steel structure material is an important content. Is the most ideal method in the structure of the main stress parts intercepted samp

46、les, by tensile test determine the strength of the corresponding indicators. But it will also damage structure, affecting its normal work, and the need for reinforcement. General surface hardness method is </p>&l

47、t;p>　　In steel structure buildings, the steel members with welded connections between. So-called weld nondestructive testing, in order to determine the welding structure or welding parts in forming can satisfy the use

48、 requirement, in the case of without widespread destructive test to test the weld technology.</p><p>　　References:</p><p>　　[1] Yao Na Zhang Tianshen, Wang Yuanqing, Shi Yongjiu. Beijing landsca

49、pe of bridge steel structure inspection appraisal and strengthening design [J]. Engineering and seismic strengthening reform, 2009, (1)</p><p>　　Chen Changjian [2]. Detection and reinforcement measures of st

50、eel structure [J]. Goods and quality, 2009, (S2)</p><p>　　[3] Song Songyue Shao Huarong. Small engineering testing technology and management [J]. Henan science and technology, 2005, (8)</p><p>　

51、　YiSiPing [4]. Structure detection and reinforcement technology research and engineering practice [D]. Hefei university of technology, 2006</p><p>　　References:</p><p>　　[1] Yao Na Zhang Tianshe

52、n, Wang Yuanqing, Shi Yongjiu. Beijing landscape of bridge steel structure inspection appraisal and strengthening design [J]. Engineering and seismic strengthening reform, 2009, (1)</p><p>　　Chen Changjian [

53、2]. Detection and reinforcement measures of steel structure [J]. Goods and quality, 2009, (S2)</p><p>　　[3] Song Songyue Shao Huarong. Small engineering testing technology and management [J]. Henan science a

54、nd technology, 2005, (8)</p><p>　　YiSiPing [4]. Structure detection and reinforcement technology research and engineering practice [D]. Hefei university of technology, 2006</p><p>　　淺析建筑材料鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)&

55、lt;/p><p>　　摘要：文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材料特性與檢測(cè)方法，重點(diǎn)對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)方法與質(zhì)量檢測(cè)方法闡述分析，以保證輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑質(zhì)量，充分發(fā)揮鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材料性能。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)；鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材料；質(zhì)量檢測(cè)；質(zhì)量評(píng)定</p><p>　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)在提升單項(xiàng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的同時(shí)，注重發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)間的一體化，完善了成套的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)技術(shù)，包括鋼材力學(xué)性能檢

56、測(cè)（拉伸、彎曲、沖擊、硬度）、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)緊固件力學(xué)性能檢測(cè)（抗滑移系數(shù)、軸力）、鋼材金相檢測(cè)分析（顯微組織分析、顯微硬度測(cè)試）、鋼材化學(xué)成分分析、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)損檢測(cè)、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力測(cè)試和監(jiān)控、涂料檢測(cè)等成套檢測(cè)技術(shù)。</p><p><b>　　1.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材料</b></p><p>　　從使用角度講，強(qiáng)度、塑性、冷脆破壞性和可焊性等是建筑鋼材的基本性能。材質(zhì)的單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)不能代表其

57、全部特征，必須依據(jù)常規(guī)試驗(yàn)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)定。評(píng)定中還應(yīng)收集下述資料作參考數(shù)據(jù)：鋼材生產(chǎn)的時(shí)間、鋼材供應(yīng)的技術(shù)條件及其產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)。必須查明鋼材牌號(hào)、技術(shù)指標(biāo)、極限強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度、受拉時(shí)的延伸率、冷變、反復(fù)彎曲、沖擊韌性與化學(xué)成分等。</p><p>　　材質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)包括鋼材型材（包括焊接H型鋼、焊管）、焊接球、螺栓球以及連接緊固件的檢測(cè)，型材、焊接球、螺栓球是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程的基本元素，它的質(zhì)量直接關(guān)系到工程的質(zhì)量。&

58、lt;/p><p>　　型材的做法是將材料銑成長(zhǎng)寬一定的試件然后進(jìn)行拉伸冷彎試驗(yàn)，對(duì)其物理性能進(jìn)行檢測(cè)；焊接球是按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)焊上一定直徑的配管，然后進(jìn)行抗拉抗壓試驗(yàn)；螺栓球與焊接球差不多，只是沒(méi)有抗壓試驗(yàn)；連接緊固件，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)主要是高強(qiáng)螺栓。高強(qiáng)螺栓的質(zhì)量主要控制項(xiàng)目包括最小荷載檢測(cè)、預(yù)拉力復(fù)驗(yàn)、扭距檢測(cè)、扭距系數(shù)復(fù)驗(yàn)及抗滑移系數(shù)檢測(cè)。鋼材材質(zhì)的力學(xué)試驗(yàn)和化學(xué)分析結(jié)果，都應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)規(guī)程的規(guī)定。</p>&l

59、t;p><b>　　2.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)</b></p><p>　　(1)用測(cè)厚儀測(cè)定鋼結(jié)構(gòu)截面厚度</p><p>　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)由于加工精確程度和斷面銹蝕的影響，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)斷面厚度往往有些變化。特別是銹蝕使截面減薄，承載能力下降，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)安全度影響是很大的。因此，測(cè)定鋼結(jié)構(gòu)截面厚度是非常重要的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。</p><p>　　目前，測(cè)定厚度一種是卡尺

60、，一種是用測(cè)厚儀測(cè)定厚度。下面介紹用超聲波數(shù)字測(cè)厚儀測(cè)定截面厚度的方法。</p><p>　　采用超聲波脈沖反射法。超聲波從一種均勻介質(zhì)傳播到另一種均勻介質(zhì)時(shí)，分界面上會(huì)發(fā)生聲的反射，從探頭發(fā)射的超聲波，經(jīng)過(guò)延遲塊而進(jìn)入被測(cè)件，超聲波到達(dá)分界面時(shí)，而被反射回來(lái)，又通過(guò)延遲塊被接收探頭接收，測(cè)出發(fā)射脈沖到接收脈沖之間的時(shí)間，扣除延遲塊時(shí)間，根據(jù)聲速、時(shí)間、距離三者關(guān)系，求出被測(cè)件的厚度。即儀器顯示的厚度值。如1.2

61、～100mm的儀器顯示值為20.88，即20.88mm，其精確度為0.01mm.</p><p>　　(2)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)涂層厚度的測(cè)定</p><p>　　在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定中，涂層好壞及涂層厚度是一個(gè)重要參數(shù)，因此測(cè)定涂層厚度是一項(xiàng)重要項(xiàng)目。</p><p>　　涂層厚度測(cè)定一般用磁性測(cè)厚儀測(cè)定，國(guó)內(nèi)外均有產(chǎn)品。國(guó)產(chǎn)涂層磁性測(cè)厚儀用天津市材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)廠的產(chǎn)品，名稱(chēng)是QCC-A型

62、磁性測(cè)厚儀。用磁性測(cè)厚儀時(shí)，要調(diào)好儀器，使其具有正常工作性能。首先要確定測(cè)量范圍，第一檔為0～50μm，第二檔為0～500μm.測(cè)量時(shí)，用探頭接觸被測(cè)涂層。測(cè)定時(shí)首先要清除涂層表面灰塵和油污，以防影響精度。</p><p>　　測(cè)試時(shí)根據(jù)涂層具體情況確定，首先通過(guò)儀器確定有無(wú)涂層，因在長(zhǎng)期環(huán)境作用下涂層損傷直至消失涂層，涂層消失與否是涂層的重要參數(shù)。因?yàn)橛袩o(wú)殘留涂層是結(jié)構(gòu)銹蝕程度一個(gè)重要界限，也是永久性評(píng)估的重要

63、界限。</p><p>　　(3)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)屋架撓度的測(cè)定</p><p>　　鋼屋架一般跨度都較大，如21、24、30m等，測(cè)量撓度較困難，必須用很大的力把鋼絲拉緊，而且鋼絲要求具有一定的抗拉強(qiáng)度。測(cè)量時(shí)關(guān)鍵要把握住鋼絲拉直，使測(cè)量數(shù)值準(zhǔn)確。同時(shí)，最好有竣工記錄，原鋼屋架在施工后有否反拱或撓度值。這兩個(gè)值確定之后才能確定屋架在荷載作用下的應(yīng)力撓度值。當(dāng)然往往由于施工安裝時(shí)就有反拱，使用后仍然

64、有后拱，測(cè)出來(lái)的撓度值是負(fù)撓度，因此，測(cè)定數(shù)值一定標(biāo)明正負(fù)值。</p><p>　　測(cè)定撓度時(shí)最好確定固定點(diǎn)，即一般在跨中確定測(cè)點(diǎn)。如傾儀果測(cè)定時(shí)拉鋼絲中間遇有障礙。如角鋼、電線等，此時(shí)必須在兩端墊支點(diǎn)，以使鋼絲拉直。墊支點(diǎn)時(shí)，測(cè)量出的撓度值必須減去兩支點(diǎn)高度的平均值，才‘是實(shí)際撓度值。同時(shí)為了確保跨度端點(diǎn)的固定位置，兩端要有專(zhuān)人掌握端點(diǎn)固定位置并標(biāo)出端點(diǎn)與實(shí)際屋架端點(diǎn)的距離，以求出實(shí)際的測(cè)量撓度時(shí)的跨度值。&l

65、t;/p><p>　　3.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)與評(píng)定</p><p>　　幾何尺寸的偏差，構(gòu)件的非線性，結(jié)構(gòu)焊接和鉚接質(zhì)量低劣，底漆和涂料質(zhì)量不好，是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在制造階段的主要缺陷；結(jié)構(gòu)位置的偏差，運(yùn)輸和安裝時(shí)由于機(jī)械作用引起構(gòu)件的扭曲和局部變形，連接節(jié)點(diǎn)處構(gòu)件的裝配不精確，安裝連接質(zhì)量差，漏裝或少裝某些扣件、綴板，焊縫尺寸偏差等，均屬安裝的缺陷；使用過(guò)程中實(shí)際產(chǎn)生的作用與原設(shè)計(jì)的偏離，材料的腐蝕和腐

66、蝕引起構(gòu)件橫斷面面積的減小，在交變荷載作用下金屬內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度發(fā)生變化和疲勞現(xiàn)象以及引起連接破壞等，均屬使用中的缺陷。由于這些缺陷的存在和相互影響，使結(jié)構(gòu)整體和局部受到不同程度的損壞。</p><p>　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)除按規(guī)程進(jìn)行材質(zhì)的力學(xué)性能檢測(cè)與有關(guān)化學(xué)成分分析外，應(yīng)進(jìn)行承載能力、變形、銹蝕、損傷四個(gè)方面的檢測(cè)及綜合評(píng)定，以確定其質(zhì)量等級(jí)。</p><p>　　(1)材質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)與測(cè)定&

67、lt;/p><p>　　從使用角度講，強(qiáng)度、塑性、冷脆破壞性和可焊性等是建筑鋼材的基本性能。材質(zhì)的單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)不能代表其全部特征，必須依據(jù)常規(guī)試驗(yàn)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)定。評(píng)定中還應(yīng)收集下述資料作參考數(shù)據(jù)：鋼材生產(chǎn)的時(shí)間、鋼材供應(yīng)的技術(shù)條件及其產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)。必須查明鋼材牌號(hào)、技術(shù)指標(biāo)、極限強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度、受拉時(shí)的延伸率、冷變、反復(fù)彎曲、沖擊韌性與化學(xué)成分等。鋼材材質(zhì)的力學(xué)試驗(yàn)和化學(xué)分析結(jié)果，都應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)規(guī)程的規(guī)定。</

68、p><p>　　(2)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件變形檢驗(yàn)與評(píng)定</p><p>　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的最后綜合評(píng)定是由承載能力、變形、銹蝕、損傷四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合考慮和分析，并以承載能力為主給出等級(jí)。</p><p>　　關(guān)于銹蝕和損傷的等級(jí)劃分，執(zhí)行中可參照施工驗(yàn)收規(guī)范和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范規(guī)定條文進(jìn)行。但綜合評(píng)定的最后確定“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”規(guī)定：</p><p>　　1).當(dāng)變形比承載

69、能力低一級(jí)時(shí)，仍按承載能力等級(jí)確定。</p><p>　　2).當(dāng)變形比承載能力低兩級(jí)時(shí)，且銹蝕和損傷又較嚴(yán)重時(shí)，按承載能力降低一級(jí)確定。</p><p>　　(3)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度、變形及缺陷檢測(cè)</p><p>　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度及形變的檢測(cè)，常用的有電測(cè)法與機(jī)測(cè)法。電測(cè)法就是利用電學(xué)量（如電流、電阻、電容等）的變化及其電學(xué)變化量與力學(xué)量之關(guān)系來(lái)測(cè)定其力學(xué)量（如應(yīng)變及其

70、應(yīng)力）；其測(cè)定的范圍有靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩種。機(jī)測(cè)法主要是測(cè)定其形變（如撓度、傾角與伸縮形變恒等）。另外，還有表面硬度法，就是利用硬度與強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系來(lái)獲得其強(qiáng)度值。</p><p>　　關(guān)于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷的檢測(cè)，常用的有超聲波法與電磁法。對(duì)已建鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定時(shí)，檢查鋼結(jié)構(gòu)材質(zhì)是很重要的測(cè)定內(nèi)容。最理想的方法是在結(jié)構(gòu)非主要受力部位截取試樣，由拉伸試驗(yàn)確定相應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度指標(biāo)。但這同樣會(huì)損傷結(jié)構(gòu)，影響它的正常工作，并需要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)強(qiáng)。一般采

71、用表面硬度法間接推斷鋼材強(qiáng)度。</p><p>　　在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物中，鋼構(gòu)件之間多采用焊接連接。所謂焊縫無(wú)損檢測(cè)，就是為了判定焊接結(jié)構(gòu)或焊件在成型后能否滿足使用要求，在不進(jìn)行大面積破壞性試驗(yàn)的情況下對(duì)焊縫進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的技術(shù)。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1]姚南，張?zhí)焐辏踉?，石永久。北京某景觀橋鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的

72、檢測(cè)鑒定與加固設(shè)計(jì)[J]。工程抗震與加固改造，2009，（1）</p><p>　　[2]陳昌劍。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)及加固措施[J]。商品與質(zhì)量，2009，（S2）</p><p>　　[3]宋嵩岳，邵華榮。小型工程檢測(cè)技術(shù)與管理[J]。河南科技，2005，（8）</p><p>　　[4]艾思平。結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)與加固技術(shù)的研究及其工程實(shí)踐[D]。合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)，2006</