汽車專業(yè)外文翻譯----gpsgsm車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研究

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　The researches of GPS/GSM supervise and control system of vehicle</p><p>　　1. Summarization</p><p>　　The current supervise and control sy

2、stem of vehicle is a kind of high-technology. The GPS supervision and control system which using GPS reception, wireless communication, GIS to supervise, query and superintend the information of the mobile user’s dynamic

3、 position (longitude, latitude), time, status, etc. Dividing according to the sub function, the supervision and control system of vehicle is composed of three parts: positioning part, communication part, and display part

4、. There into, the often-</p><p>　　2. GSM short Message business</p><p>　　The most basic business of GSM is voice transmitting; GPS data can be converted audio signal by modem; and then be put in

5、to mobile-station to realize data transmittance. But because GSM is a system of digital mobile communication, it is unnecessary and in valid, firstly, GSM has the ability to transmit data, and can provide the data busine

6、ss by itself; secondly, the out put of high frequency from modem is generally above 2 .0kHz, the signal that it's frequency above 1300Hz will results into big </p><p>　　The short messages business is unp

7、aralleled for mobile communication network, because it sends message through letter ream channel, it need not dial numbers and transmit directly information including address of destination to short messages service cent

8、er, and then the message sent will be send the destination by short messages service center. The short message business’s expenditure is lower and it is valid for terminal to send orientation message to supervise and con

9、trol the center. In a word</p><p>　　3. The GPS supervise and control system of vehicle based on GSM short Message mode</p><p>　　3.1 System composition</p><p>　　Topology structure of

10、 the GPS supervise and control system of vehicle based on short message business is show in fig one, the compositions and functions of the entire mobile vehicle are same. The GPS reception on the mobile vehicle is used t

11、o get information about current position and time of itself, then send information about status and position to the supervision and control center work station through short message business; In the supervision and contr

12、ol center workstation, to pass the GSM </p><p>　　Supervision and control center use Victoria electronic map as it's background, the main functions of the GPS supervision software is to supervise all the

13、working vehicle in the precinct, to reckon up working status of the vehicle, etc, and to track several wire ways at the same time, to store up differencing information, to transponder dispatching order from the dispatchi

14、ng platform. It has many supervision methods; they mostly provide visual secundum for vehicle dispatching through using electr</p><p>　　Fig.1 Topology structure of GPS supervision and control system of vehic

15、le</p><p>　　3.2 vehicular devices</p><p>　　User device are composed of the GSM mobile terminal, GPS reception and control logical circuits. Control circuits not only develop logical time sequenc

16、e which system needs, but also has the function of data processing, including modulator- demodulator</p><p>　　Functions of Control cell is inclusive of receiving GPS positioning data, connecting with mobile

17、units, controlling mobile units to automatically dial and automatically receive and send data, receiving and sending message, displaying the position of vehicle, automatic/factorial alert, telecontrolling braking truck,

18、etc. Alert is mostly used under the condition of vehicle malfunction or especial condition. When alerting, it can reports the information of vehicle numbering, status, positing, etc. </p><p>　　Position devic

19、es adopt the method of joining DGPS〔differential global positioning system) and INU (initial navigating unit), The precision DGPS can live up to +-5m, this is completed by means of writing differencing information picked

20、 from vehicular devices receiving region to GPS reception. Information of INU (pal stance sensor and car-speedometer) can ensure continuum of position, so that the GPS reception can posited when satellite cannot track or

21、 the satellite numbers are not enough. GPS rec</p><p>　　Because movements of vehicle can be taken as the movements in planar plenums(X, Y)，if knowing the start position and initialization azimuth, and detect

22、ing the various ness of distance and azimuth of vehicle steer, we can calculate vehicle position next time the detailed method of Voyage position calculate is shown as, be11ows:</p><p>　　Fig.2 The basic theo

23、ry of Voyage position calculates</p><p>　　Calculate in turn as above, we can get:</p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　3.3 Working principle of differencing GPS</p><p

24、>　　Support ideal GPS time as(tgj) when satellite j sending signal, GPS time as(tg) when reception receiving the signal, satellite time as(tj) when satellite j sending signal, reception time as t when reception receivi

25、ng signal. Then satellite timepiece has the time distance (), the reception has the time distance (), thus we can get the false distance(between the satellite and the reception):</p><p><b>　　(2 )</b

26、></p><p>　　In above formula, c represents light speed, represents real distance between satellite j and reception, in formula (2), there are four unknown quantity in total: reception time distance and tri

27、axial coordinates. So we can work out the real position of reception by observing false distance of four satellites.</p><p>　　By locating model according to false distance, setting a norm GPS reception on nu

28、meraire station, using repetitious equally method, synthesizing method, software method, we can get geocentre coordinates of numeraire station, and using real-time geocentre coordinates of satellite and known geocentre c

29、oordinates of numeraire station, we withershins get real-time real distance (R0j). The different values between false distance and real distance measured by numeaire station are the correctional valu</p><p>

30、<b>　　(3 )</b></p><p>　　At the same time, we can get variousness rate of the correctional values of false distanceΔρ0j , Δt represents sample interval of the correctional values of false distance.

31、</p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　Narnarari station sends Δρ0j and Δρ0j to users, after measuring false distanceρj，and adding correctional values, users will get corrected false distance

32、:</p><p><b>　　(5)</b></p><p>　　Using corrected false distance to locate; we can get improved differencing location values in precision. Both Theoretic analysis and test show that dif

33、ferencing can improve precision +-5m.</p><p>　　3.4 Synchronization mode</p><p>　　In GPS supervision and control system of vehicle, there are two kinds of mobile users’ synchronization mode: usin

34、g second pulse of GPS reception to synchronize, using the synchronization codes sent by supervision center to synchronization both second pulses and synchronization codes provide unitize time starting-point for every mob

35、ile user, sending interval of different vehicle is generated by different postponement. Using supervision center to send synchronization codes may send one synchroniza</p><p>　　3.5 Data transformed</p>

36、<p>　　In supervision and control system of vehicle, data transformed contains two kinds: up-link and downlink. Up-link data are principally real-time position, speed, time, status (alert malfunction, etc) of vehic

37、le, down-link data principally are GPS differencing correctional information, they adopt general telegraphese of RICM-104 format, if they are supervision center synchronization mode, and they also contain broadcast synch

38、ronization codes.</p><p>　　Up-link data format: data-heads, user address, latitude, longitude, speed, time, and status of vehicle.</p><p>　　Downlink data format: data-header, broadcast synchroni

39、zation code, RTCM telegraphs, dispatching order, and user address.</p><p>　　Data-heads of up-link and downlink are different; they are used to denuding of up-link and downlink data. User addresses are identi

40、fying number of all supervision vehicle, dispatching order is the operation of supervision center to corresponding vehicle, for example, urgent succor, going to some place to transport, etc. Broadcast synchronization cod

41、e is not used in system of using second synchronization pulse. Status of vehicle is input by driver according to where it is, for example, vehicle ma</p><p>　　3.6 SME system design</p><p>　　SME

42、(Short Message Entity)，server connects with the short messages service center of the GSM public net by the SMPP (Short Message Peer to Peer Protocol)，sends the vehicle's position and alert message to the supervise an

43、d control the center, and it makes the contrary efficiency. SME converts data frame’s format sent from the short messages service center, and then records data into database center by frame type; The next step is to send

44、 data what need to the supervise and control platform, and m</p><p>　　4 Closing remarks</p><p>　　At present，the GPS supervision and control system of vehicle of the Trunk Mobile Radio Syetem is

45、being used to intelligent real-time dispatching of 68-ton truck, that improved utility factor, brought down production costs, took huge strides in both economic efficiency and society efficiency. Another GSM is the publi

46、c net in the land, and give an advantage over the other correspondence method, The correspondence scope is wide, it have great capacity and provide the data business, the coat of shor</p><p>　　GPS/GSM車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研

47、究</p><p><b>　　1. 概述</b></p><p>　　現(xiàn)代車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是一種集全球衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)、地理信息技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代通訊技術(shù)于一體的高科技系統(tǒng)。GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是利用GPS接收機、無線通訊、地理信息技術(shù)對移動用戶的動態(tài)位置（經(jīng)度。緯度）、時間、狀態(tài)等信息實時地進行監(jiān)控和查詢、指揮的新型車輛管理系統(tǒng)。按照子功能劃分，車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)由三部分組成：定位部分、

48、通訊部分、顯示部分。其中比較常用的通訊方式為VHF/UHF單信道呼叫網(wǎng)、集群通訊、GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)三種?；赩HF/UHF單信道呼叫網(wǎng)的車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是專用的調(diào)度指揮系統(tǒng)，對某些特殊單位而言具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢，但是集群系統(tǒng)一次造價太高且覆蓋范圍小；GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)用于定位數(shù)據(jù)傳輸目前較為流行，其覆蓋范圍較大，可以全國漫游，可實現(xiàn)小批量、非實時的遠程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，從安全性、穩(wěn)定性、收發(fā)信息量、可擴展性、運營費用、二次開發(fā)等方面都非常理想，且

49、受環(huán)境影響小，可以充分滿足用戶的需要。但是其時延問題是制約其發(fā)展的瓶頸。本文就GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)方式下GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計及信道利用等方面進行介紹。</p><p>　　2 . GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)</p><p>　　GSM的最基本的業(yè)務(wù)是話音業(yè)務(wù)，GPS數(shù)據(jù)可以通過MODEM轉(zhuǎn)換成音頻信號，加到移動臺的音頻輸入來實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。但由于GSM是數(shù)字移動通訊系統(tǒng)，這樣即不需要也不可行，首先

50、是GSM本來就具有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸能力，提高數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)；再者調(diào)制解調(diào)器輸出的高端頻率一般都在2.0kHz以上，若這樣的信號加在GSM移動終端的音頻接口上，大于1300Hz的信號將有較大的失真從而導(dǎo)致接收端調(diào)制解調(diào)器不能夠正確解調(diào)出音頻信號所攜帶的數(shù)據(jù)。實驗表明，在GSM話音通帶上基于ITU－TV.23建議傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，其工作是不能令人滿意的。第二種選擇是數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，GSM提供2400bps、4800bps、9600bps的異步數(shù)據(jù)傳輸能力，可用于傳輸G

51、PS定位數(shù)據(jù)，一旦連接建立，立即計費。目前GSM本地通信的最小計費時間是1分鐘，GPS每次的定位數(shù)據(jù)不到20字節(jié)，采用效率為50％的編碼方式也不到40個字節(jié)，若按9600bps的速率，傳輸一次GPS位置數(shù)據(jù)的時間大約0.04s。而計費按1分鐘計，加上撥號處理時延，用數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)傳輸GPS定位數(shù)據(jù)是極不經(jīng)濟的。第三種是短消息業(yè)務(wù)，GSM的短消息業(yè)務(wù)分為兩種：點對點短消息業(yè)務(wù)和短消息小區(qū)廣播業(yè)務(wù)</p><p>　　短消

52、息業(yè)務(wù)利用信令信道傳輸，是移動通信網(wǎng)所特有的，他無需撥號建立連接，直接把要發(fā)的信息加上目的地址發(fā)送到短消息服務(wù)中心，由短消息服務(wù)中心再發(fā)送給最終的信宿。且短消息業(yè)務(wù)服務(wù)費用低，這適于終端把每次定位數(shù)據(jù)隨時發(fā)送到監(jiān)控中心。因此我們選用短消息業(yè)務(wù)來實現(xiàn)GPS車輛監(jiān)控。</p><p>　　附圖1 車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的拓補結(jié)構(gòu)圖</p><p>　　3. 基于GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)的GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)&l

53、t;/p><p><b>　　3.1 系統(tǒng)組成</b></p><p>　　基于短信息業(yè)務(wù)的GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)如附圖1所示，各移動車輛的組成與功能完全相同時。移動車輛配備的GPS接收機用以獲取自己當(dāng)前的位置、時間等信息，然后通過GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)向監(jiān)控中心站發(fā)送狀態(tài)和位置等信息；監(jiān)控中心站通過GSM通訊網(wǎng)與移動中的車輛進行通話、短消息傳輸。接收短消息可用GSM用

54、戶終端（如手機），也可以用ISDN方式直接連接到移動通信局的短消息服務(wù)中心，這樣接收短消息更迅捷，系統(tǒng)容量可以更大。在監(jiān)控中心站，接受到的各子站的位置信息通過通信控制器送往電子地圖，顯示各移動車輛的運行軌跡。系統(tǒng)由監(jiān)控軟件實現(xiàn)對各移動車輛的狀態(tài)監(jiān)控，并可利用GSM的短信息業(yè)務(wù)對各移動車輛進行調(diào)度指揮，這樣就實現(xiàn)了對各移動車輛的監(jiān)控管理。</p><p>　　監(jiān)控中心以矢量化電子地圖為背景，GPS監(jiān)控軟件的主要功能

55、是對轄區(qū)內(nèi)所有的運營車輛進行監(jiān)視，統(tǒng)計車輛的運營狀態(tài)（含報警）等情況，且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)多條線路的同時跟蹤；存儲差分信息，并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)來自其他調(diào)度平臺的調(diào)度命令，將車輛信息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給調(diào)度平臺。其監(jiān)視方法有多種，主要是以電子地圖為背景為車輛調(diào)度提供可視化依據(jù)。監(jiān)控軟件具有實時顯示移動用戶的所有信息以及信息查詢功能。同時，監(jiān)控范圍內(nèi)的移動用戶提供DGPS修正信息，使車輛定位精度提高到5米以內(nèi)。</p><p><b>　　3

56、.2 車載設(shè)備</b></p><p>　　各種移動用戶設(shè)備由GSM移動終端和GPS接收機及控制邏輯電路組成?？刂齐娐凡粌H形成系統(tǒng)需要的邏輯時序、還具有數(shù)據(jù)處理功能。控制臺自動撥號和自動收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)、收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)、收發(fā)短消息、顯示車輛位置、報警、控制制動等。報警主要用于車輛故障或特殊情況下使用。報警時可報告車輛編號、狀態(tài)、位置等信息。移動終端提供話音、短消息業(yè)務(wù)，控制單元可以向移動終端發(fā)送撥號等控制命令以溝通

57、話音、收發(fā)短消息。車上控制單元把接受到的GPS定位數(shù)據(jù)通過GSM的短消息業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)送到中心站。GSM的短消息可與通話同時進行而互不影響。對一些特殊車輛需要實時監(jiān)控的，可以用GSM的數(shù)據(jù)通信業(yè)務(wù)，GSM提供高達9600bps的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率，但費用較高。本系統(tǒng)采用短消息業(yè)務(wù)進行定位數(shù)據(jù)傳送，同時還可以通話。電源部分直接將汽車電瓶的24V直接電壓進行轉(zhuǎn)換，提供移動臺需用的3.6V和GPS控制單元所需用的5V/500mA雙路電源。GPS接收機用來接

58、收GPS衛(wèi)星發(fā)來的信號并解算出定位信息、有控制單元讀取、顯示，并通過移動臺送達監(jiān)控中心。復(fù)合數(shù)字11通道GPS接收板采用推測導(dǎo)航算法數(shù)據(jù)格式和NMEA-0183數(shù)據(jù)格式，二進制數(shù)據(jù)的輸出數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)：1位</p><p>　　定位裝置采用DGPS（Differential Global Positioning System）和INU（Initial Navigating Unit）組合的方法。DGPS由車載設(shè)備接收監(jiān)

59、控中心的差分信息寫入GPS接收機實現(xiàn)。INU（此處為角速度傳感器和汽車里程儀）的信號能夠保證定位的連續(xù)性，使得GPS接收機因衛(wèi)星跟蹤不到或衛(wèi)星數(shù)少于3顆時系統(tǒng)仍能定位。GPS接收機和INU的工作完全是自動切換，利用INU進行航位推算以GPS的定位數(shù)據(jù)作為起始位置。航位推算的基本原理如附圖2所示。</p><p>　　由于車輛的運動可以看作是在二維平面（X，Y）上的運動，如果已知車輛起始位置和初始位置方位角（與北向

60、的夾角，順時針為正），在通過實時測量車輛行使的距離</p><p>　　附圖2 航位推算的原理圖</p><p>　　和方位角的變化，就可以推算出車輛下一時刻的位置。航位推算的具體算法如下：</p><p>　　依算法推算下去，可得到：</p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>

61、　　3.3 DGPS的工作原理</p><p>　　假定衛(wèi)星j發(fā)信號時的理想GPS時為tgj，接收機接收到該信號時的理想GPS時為tg,tj為衛(wèi)星信號j發(fā)信號時的衛(wèi)星鐘時刻，t為接收到信號時的接受機時刻。則衛(wèi)星鐘具有鐘差，接收機具有鐘差，由此可以得出衛(wèi)星j和接收機之間的偽距為： </p><p><b>　　(2 )</b></p><

62、p>　　其中c為光速，為衛(wèi)星j和接收機之間的真距，（2）中包含接收機鐘差與三維坐標共4個未知量。因此觀測至少4顆衛(wèi)星的偽距即可解算出接收機的實際位置。</p><p>　　根據(jù)偽距定位模型，在基準站設(shè)置一個基準GPS接收機，利用多次平均法、聯(lián)測法或軟件法精確求得基準站的地心坐標，再利用每一時刻的衛(wèi)星地心坐標和已知的基準站地心坐標反求出各個時刻的真距R0j?；鶞收緶y量的偽距與其真距的差值即為偽距改正數(shù)：

63、</p><p><b>　　(3 )</b></p><p>　　同時可以求出偽距改正數(shù)的變化率Δρ0j，其中Δt為偽距改正數(shù)的采樣間隔。</p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　基準站將Δρ0j和Δρ0j 傳送給移動用戶，用戶測出偽距ρj再加上改正數(shù)便得到經(jīng)過改正后的偽距

64、。</p><p><b>　　(5)</b></p><p>　　利用改正后的偽距進行定位可以獲得精度有所提高的差分定位解。理論分析和試驗均表明，差分后能夠使定位精度達到＋－5m。</p><p><b>　　3.4 同步方式</b></p><p>　　在GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中，各移動用戶的同步方

65、式有兩種：利用GPS接收機的秒脈沖進行同步；利用監(jiān)控中心發(fā)送廣播同步碼進行同步。秒脈沖和同步碼均提供給各移動用戶統(tǒng)一的時間起點，不同車輛的發(fā)送時隙由不同的延時來產(chǎn)生。利用監(jiān)控中心發(fā)送同步碼，可以在一個采樣周期內(nèi)發(fā)送1個同步碼，也可以周期性地發(fā)送多個同步碼。</p><p><b>　　3.5數(shù)據(jù)傳輸格式</b></p><p>　　監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸分上行和下行兩部

66、分。上行數(shù)據(jù)主要為被監(jiān)控車輛的實時位置、速度、時間、狀態(tài)（包括報警、故障等）；下行數(shù)據(jù)主要為GPS差分修正信息，采用RTCM－104格式的通用電文，如果是監(jiān)控中心同步的方式，還包括廣播同步碼。</p><p>　　上行數(shù)據(jù)格式：數(shù)據(jù)報頭廣播同步碼RCTM電文調(diào)度命令用戶地址。上行和下行的數(shù)據(jù)報頭不同，用于對上、下行數(shù)據(jù)的解碼。用戶地址指是各監(jiān)控車輛的識別號碼，調(diào)度命令為監(jiān)控中心對相應(yīng)地址車輛的操作，如緊急救援、去

67、某地運輸?shù)?，廣播同步碼在利用秒脈沖同步的系統(tǒng)中不用。車輛非正常狀態(tài)由駕駛員根據(jù)實際情況輸入，如車輛故障等。移動用戶通過GSM網(wǎng)將短消息輸入至SC（短消息服務(wù)中心），由SC通過MSC（移動交換中心）將短消息發(fā)送至指定的移動用戶。移動臺發(fā)送短消息至SC和SC將短消息發(fā)送至指定移動用戶是兩個相同的信令過程，只是方向相反。其中影響流量的接口主要有兩個：MS（移動臺）與BSS（基站）之間的接口－Um接口（無線接口）、BSS與MSC之間的接口－A接

68、口采用7號信令的信號接續(xù)控制部分，其物理層連接采用PCM一次群（2.048Mbs），而Um接口的信道速率是270.83kbs，每時隙信道比特率是22.8kbs。</p><p>　　3.6 SME系統(tǒng)設(shè)計</p><p>　　SME（Short Message Entity）服務(wù)器通過SMPP（Short Message Peer to Peer Protocol）協(xié)議與公用GSM網(wǎng)的短消

69、息服務(wù)中心相連，負責(zé)把車輛位置信息發(fā)送到被監(jiān)控車輛。SME服務(wù)器對短消息服務(wù)中心發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)幀進行數(shù)據(jù)格式轉(zhuǎn)換后，根據(jù)幀類型分別錄入中心數(shù)據(jù)庫；然后將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到所需的監(jiān)控平臺，并對各種監(jiān)控平臺發(fā)來的指令幀進行格式轉(zhuǎn)換，把轉(zhuǎn)換后的消息幀發(fā)送到短消息服務(wù)中心；將需要計費的短消息的數(shù)目錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫，作為用戶計費依據(jù)；如需數(shù)據(jù)加解密則進行數(shù)據(jù)加解密工作。在本系統(tǒng)中，采用的操作系統(tǒng)平臺為Solaris Unix，數(shù)據(jù)庫為Oracle7.0的本地數(shù)據(jù)庫

70、。為了能更好的利用對多進程的支持能力和適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)對數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的較高要求，我們采用了多進程設(shè)計思想，已達到充分利用系統(tǒng)的資源、最大限度地提高系統(tǒng)的處理能力的效果。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　GPS車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)目前用于68頓單斗汽車的智能調(diào)度。提高了設(shè)備出動率和利用率，并降低了生產(chǎn)成本。取得了良好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。另外GSM作