外文翻譯---古典園林與現(xiàn)代公園

1、<p><b>　　古典園林與現(xiàn)代公園</b></p><p>　　運用比較學(xué)的方式，在基于中國傳統(tǒng)文化及美學(xué)思想建立的頤和園與基于現(xiàn)代消費文化的主題游樂公園-歡樂谷之間進行比較。分別對其背后的文化動機和經(jīng)濟動機進行比較和分析，以及其藝術(shù)設(shè)計表現(xiàn)方式的不同，和審美意趣的不同進行對比，深入探討在兩種文化背景下產(chǎn)生的景觀設(shè)計方式的不同之處。在經(jīng)典文化與哲學(xué)消解的20世紀末乃至21世紀初

2、，世界各地的景觀設(shè)計界興起一股建設(shè)主題游樂園的旋風，本文則是以對于這種社會文化現(xiàn)象的觀察體驗以及分析，從審美文化這一角度切入，對這種文化事實進行剖析。對其背后的文化原因進行論證和話題的展開，來求證主題游樂園其背后的文化成因以及審美傾向，以及其在現(xiàn)代社會背景經(jīng)營運作中所具有的典型的現(xiàn)代景觀特質(zhì)。</p><p>　　眾所周知，在北京城內(nèi)有兩處園區(qū)非常受人歡迎，頤和園與北京歡樂谷。它們可能是北京市內(nèi)人氣最好的兩處園區(qū)

3、，其各具千秋的景觀特點與各有特色的經(jīng)營方式均使各自在一年四季內(nèi)均人流如織。</p><p>　　從景觀的視角如何去看待這兩處園林？筆者重點從兩個園林的設(shè)計手法以及背后的美學(xué)思想來進行分析。</p><p>　　首先，從頤和園來進行分析，頤和園是我國古代藝術(shù)家們將自然之美和建筑藝術(shù)融通、匯合，使之達到“天人合一”的中國美學(xué)最高境界的一件驚世之作。頤和園雖然是人工園林，但宛若天成，其建筑因高就

4、勢，憑流借遠，“巧于因借，精在體宜”，將歷代御苑之長處、南北私園之精華、名山大寺之佳境融合一體，可謂集天下園林之大成。頤和園之前山前湖宮闕巍峨，湖光瑤碧，大開大合，氣勢磅礴?？傮w上看，頤和園既保留了我國歷代皇家御苑的傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)容，如“一池三山”的理水方式，又與其他園林的“平面布局，散點造景”的特點迥然有別。在疊石堆山、植花藝林、筑殿置閣上采用突出一個中心、總攬全局的手法，使全園主賓分明。無論從整體的園林布局還是從細部的匠心獨運，都可以看到頤

5、和園這樣一個園林其背后渾厚寧靜的中國文化以及其審美理想，對于世外仙境的幻化和對于設(shè)計手法的高度冼煉，是一個非常經(jīng)典的古典主義園林，其精神意趣直指個人內(nèi)心，彰顯皇家氣度，兼具文人情懷。</p><p>　　其次，從歡樂谷的案例分析，北京歡樂谷位于北京市朝陽區(qū)東四環(huán)四方橋東南角，占地面積56萬平方米，于2006年7月落成開放，是目前國內(nèi)投資最高、面積最大、最為國際化現(xiàn)代化的主題公園，是一處為了滿足大眾多樣化休閑娛樂需

6、求而建造的一種具有獨特創(chuàng)意的文化體驗和時尚旅游項目，它以“動感、時尚、歡樂、夢幻”的娛樂個性，集海、陸、空三棲游樂于一身，融日、夜兩重娛樂于一體，是北京體驗旅游的重要標志。</p><p>　　北京歡樂谷精選世界經(jīng)典文明和創(chuàng)意智慧，精心設(shè)置了50余項主題景觀、10余項主題表演、30多項主題游樂設(shè)施、20余項主題游戲及商業(yè)輔助設(shè)施，營造了一個神秘、夢幻的世界。全園共分六大主題區(qū)：峽灣森林、亞特蘭蒂斯、愛琴港、失落瑪

7、雅、香格里拉、螞蟻王國。其中，愛琴港主題區(qū)及奧林匹亞體驗展館，是呼應(yīng)2008年北京奧運專門規(guī)劃建設(shè)的，屆時，北京歡樂谷將成為北京人文奧運的重要組成部分，成為展示新北京、新奧運的重要窗口和名片。</p><p>　　北京歡樂谷是家庭旅游的首選之地，是學(xué)生名副其實的開心課堂，是青年人娛樂的開心地，是企業(yè)文化活動的絕好場所，是所有人的歡樂王國。</p><p>　　擁有30多萬平方米的綠化、8萬

8、平方米的湖面賦予歡樂谷良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境；六大主題區(qū)域賦予歡樂谷獨特的人文氣質(zhì)；國際國內(nèi)雙重標準的安全檢測、人性化的服務(wù)配套和智能化的全園信息系統(tǒng)賦予歡樂谷世界一流的品質(zhì)；國際頂尖的游樂設(shè)施、國際金獎的演藝實力賦予歡樂谷領(lǐng)先世界的高度。</p><p>　　由此可見，歡樂谷作為一個娛樂為主的主題公園，是以各種世界文明的縮影板作為藍本來進行規(guī)劃設(shè)計的，而吸引公眾參與的方式則是以冒險刺激為主體的娛樂設(shè)施，而其中景觀也都是

9、以塑造各種漫畫版的文明形象作為其主調(diào)，其針對客戶群主要為15-35的青年人群。等等諸多問題是我們可以清晰的看到其與頤和園等中國傳統(tǒng)的古典園林無論從造園的動機，其景觀表現(xiàn)的手法，景觀形象的易趣，以及對于人精神層面的反思等等方面已有很大不同。</p><p>　　其實這并不是一個孤獨的例子來進行比較，我們可以清晰的看到在時光車輪行至21世紀的今天，中國社會在經(jīng)歷了改革開放30年經(jīng)濟迅猛發(fā)展以后，人們生活的周圍出現(xiàn)很多

10、與世界各種文化相互接軌的景象，非常突出的一個現(xiàn)象就是在我們的城市里發(fā)展出各種不同的主題公園，如雨后春筍般迅速成長起來，其中最為典型的就是迪斯尼與歡樂谷式的主題樂園。這樣一種以刺激感官和身體，娛樂至上的主題公園在各個城市這樣迅猛的被繁衍復(fù)制，其背后必然存在著生命力極為強勁的文化系統(tǒng)與審美體系。</p><p>　　那么這些體系又是如何生長、發(fā)育，乃至其具體形式表現(xiàn)為何？</p><p>　　

11、首先本文認為，主題公園這種景觀一定基于某種文化載體，該公園只是此文化的一種物質(zhì)化的載體，那么其背后的文化原因是指得去研究和深思的。所以剝繭抽絲，當從整體社會文化分析入手，不難看出，經(jīng)典文化與哲學(xué)消解的20世紀末乃至21世紀初，主題公園大都與影視，動漫等新興的傳媒載體所傳達的圖像信息有著非常密切的姻親關(guān)系。由同隨著電子信息技術(shù)與傳媒技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，文化工業(yè)在近一個世紀以來的發(fā)達國家中蓬勃壯大已是不爭的事實。文化工業(yè)利用大眾傳媒制造身體幻象

12、、提供游戲化的心理經(jīng)驗、克服認同焦慮，使更廣泛意義上的大眾充實了文化生活；它也許是趨時的、媚俗的，但是它卻為文化消費者欣然接受。所以，消費社會中大眾文化的發(fā)達是必然的。而且以身體娛樂，刺激感官的這種文化體系正在非?？斓乃俣仍诎l(fā)育，這種現(xiàn)象在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪腥找嫫占暗那嗌倌暧螒蛭幕械靡苑浅Ｃ黠@的體現(xiàn)。 由以上粗略的比較可以看出，這兩所園林雖同處北京城，但是因為其建造年代、建造動機、建造材料、審美取向、文化背景等等方面的不同，這兩個園林有著

13、非常不同外在形象和內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)?？梢钥吹礁鱾€方面局傳達出不同的文化質(zhì)感，以及其衍生出來的多樣化的景觀形態(tài)。</p><p>　　在此，我們無意以這樣的比較去定義孰好孰壞，只是將兩種相差極大的景觀樣式并陳，分別從其的背后文化成因進行簡單的分析，由此可以看到審美傾向與整體社會哲學(xué)非常之密切的關(guān)系，以及與之衍生出來的文化產(chǎn)品非常緊密的姻親關(guān)系。那么，從這一點看來，社會文化之于景觀之重要，無論從景觀的成因，或者從景觀設(shè)計理念

14、以及景觀具體設(shè)計的手段都有著非常重要的指引作用。反過來看，景觀亦同時以物化的方式來反映整個世界，或者說能準確反映當代的文化，影視等其他門類藝術(shù)的方式來呈現(xiàn)。相信隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳媒技術(shù)的不斷更新和圖像表現(xiàn)手段日益完善，將會產(chǎn)生更多的新的藝術(shù)形式，也會衍生不同的審美思想與文化思潮，那么景觀也必將發(fā)展出新的形式。</p><p>　　園林200703班：孟娜</p><p>　　Classic la

15、ndscape and modern park</p><p>　　Using comparative study- way, based on traditional Chinese culture and aesthetics of the Summer Palace and based on modern consumer culture theme amusement park – happy va

16、lley comparison, the culture behind respectively on the motive and economic incentives for comparison and analysis, and its artistic design expression, and different ways of different aesthetic interest in comparison, t

17、he paper probes two cultural background of the landscape design way differences. In classic culture and philo</p><p>　　As is known to all, two parks are very popular with Beijing, the Summer Palace an-d happ

18、y valley. They may be the best of Beijing city popularity in two parks, with all the landscape characteristics and the thousand features all to their way of business within in four seasons are poured theatre. </p>

19、<p>　　From the perspective of landscape , how to think the two landscape? The author mainly from two garden design technique and the aesthetic thoughts behind for analysis.</p><p>　　First, from the Sum

20、mer Palace for analysis, the Summer Palace in our country ancient artists will be natural beauty and architecture art, accommodation, rendezvous, so as to meet the "nature and humanity" Chinese aesthetic the hi

21、ghest level of one surprised works. The Summer Palace though is artificially garden, but like tian cheng, its building by flow because of high lying, borrow far, "qiao ”in borrowing, precision in body appropriate&qu

22、ot;, will YuYuan of strengths and north and south in the esse</p><p>　　After practice, QuJian acquisitive desire element lake, small feeling small flow incense on YouSui, enchanting. In general speaking, the

23、 Summer Palace is retained in the past dynasties and the royal YuYuan traditional content, such as "a pool three mountain", and Richard water means with other garden "layout, the characteristics of landsca

24、pe" scatterplot nowadays. The cascade mountains, plant flowers heap art circles, built by prominent on the house for cabinet overarching one center, the gimmic</p><p>　　Secondly, from happy valley of ca

25、se studies, happy valley Beijing is located in Beijing chaoyang district southeast, covers an area of 56 million square meters, inaugurate-d in July 2006, is the present domestic investment open largest area, the highes

26、t, most international modern theme park, is a place to meet people's diverse leisure demand has built a cultural experience and unique creative tourist project, it with fashion "dynamic, fashion, joy, dream"

27、; entertainment personality, set the sea,</p><p>　　Happy valley Beijing selected world classic civilization and creative wisdom, carefully set up 50 items theme landscape, more than 10 items theme performanc

28、e, more than 30 theme amusement facilities, more than 20 research topics games and commercial auxiliary facilities, create a mystery, dream world. The park is divided into six topic area: fjord forest, Atlantis, Aegean p

29、ort, lost Maya, shangri-la, ants </p><p>　　Kingdom. Among them, the Aegean port topic area and Olympia experience center, is echo for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and special construction planning, happy va

30、lley Beijing will become the Beijing Olympics, become an important part of the show the new Beijing, an important window and new Olympics card. </p><p>　　Happy valley Beijing is the land of choice for family

31、 travel and is the student class, is worthy of the happy young entertainment, is the enterprise cultural activities of the great place, it is the joy of all the kingdom. </p><p>　　With more than 300,000 squa

32、re meters of green, 8 million square meters of the lake gave happy valley good ecological environment; Six regional gave happy valley theme the unique cultural temperament; International and domestic double standard safe

33、ty testig and humanized service facilities and intelligent and the information systems endow happy valley world first-class quality; International top amusement facilities, international gold prize acting position gives

34、happy valley leading level. </p><p>　　Thus, happy valley as an entertainment primarily theme park, is the epitome of boar-d of world civilization being driven by the planning design, and to attract the publi

35、c participation is the way for the main risk stimulation of recreation facilities, but also are shaping landscape of comic version of civilized image as its advocate tone, its main for customer base for 15-35 young crowd

36、. And so on many problems is we can clearly see that its and the Summer Palace, etc the traditional Chinese cla</p><p>　　In fact this is not a lonely example to compare, we can see clearly that the 21st cent

37、ury in time the wheels step today, Chinese society has experienced 30 years of reform and opening-up, economic rapid development of people's life after around the world there are many and various cultural convergence

38、 of each other in landscape design industry scene, a phenomenon, very prominent is in the city </p><p>　　To develop an all sorts of different theme park, springing up rapidly growing up, one of the most typ

39、ical is Disney and happy valley type theme park. Such a to stimulae the senses and the body, entertainment first theme park in different cities such rapid was breeding copying, behind the inevitable existence very robust

40、 with vitality cultural system and aesthetic system. </p><p>　　So how these systems, growth, development, and its specific are form? </p><p>　　Firstly this paper thinks, theme park this landscap

41、e must be based on some kind of cultural carrier, this park is just a materialization of this cultural carrier of the culture be-hind, so its reason is refers to have to research and deeply. So, when wo strip cocoons fro

42、m the whole society culture analysis, see not hard, classic culture and philosophy of digestion of the 20th century and even the early 21st century, theme park with film, animation, etc most emerging media carrier of ima

43、ge inform</p><p>　　Here, we have no intention to compare to define or good or bad, but the two differ greatly landscape pattern and Chen, separately from the simple behind the analysis of cultural reasons, w

44、e can see that the aesthetic tendency and the whole social philosophy is very close , and the derivation of cultural products are very closely in-laws relation. So, from this point of view, social culture in the lands