外文翻譯--- 多功能組合機(jī)床時(shí)代

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名 　　 </p><p>　　班 級(jí) 　 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào) 　　　 </p>

2、<p>　　指 導(dǎo) 教 師 　 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 系 主 任 　 </p><p>　　外文資料名稱： Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time</p><p>　　外文資料出處：U.S.A. Michigan university</p><

3、p>　　附 件：1.外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　2．外文原文</b></p><p><b>　　多功能組合機(jī)床時(shí)代</b></p><p>　　蒂莫西雅各布斯，丹尼斯阿斯納斯，卓然飛利浦</p><p><b>　　美國(guó)密西根大學(xué)</b><

4、/p><p><b>　　王雷譯</b></p><p>　　摘要：組合機(jī)床加工中心可使加工制造業(yè)適應(yīng)不斷變化的需求，有效利用勞動(dòng)力資源，并在全球范圍的市場(chǎng)上更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字：組合機(jī)床 </p><p>　　對(duì)于多功能組合機(jī)床，工業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有很多稱呼來(lái)形容它，如 “多任務(wù)處理裝置”、“多功能機(jī)床”、“

5、多程序生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”等，它確實(shí)可稱為加工領(lǐng)域的新星，可降低成本，簡(jiǎn)化配置，并一直保持在美國(guó)本土生產(chǎn)。過(guò)去只有使用多機(jī)操作才能完成的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在可以集中到一臺(tái)機(jī)床上加工完成。</p><p>　　由于市場(chǎng)需求的不斷變化，產(chǎn)品的生命周期在不斷縮短，今天的市場(chǎng)更加強(qiáng)烈需求多任務(wù)處理裝置概念。在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中推行精益管理時(shí)，沒(méi)有比把零件加工集中到一臺(tái)機(jī)器上完成更精一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為多功能組合機(jī)床過(guò)于復(fù)雜，很難找到合適的操

6、作人員也就不足為奇了。在一些勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，要找到能夠?qū)Χ噍S組合機(jī)床加工中心進(jìn)行手工編程的人是不太可能的事。但資料顯示，解決方案可有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)代多功能組合機(jī)床的直覺(jué)式技術(shù)，另一個(gè)是針對(duì)金屬加工基本原理及在生產(chǎn)車間現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有關(guān)新機(jī)床使用中難題創(chuàng)新解決方面的培訓(xùn)。</p><p><b>　　直覺(jué)式技術(shù)控制</b></p><p>　　設(shè)備采用“帶走熱量”式設(shè)計(jì)，有床身、鋼制

7、直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌、鋼制轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架、設(shè)備上使用的不同材料，所有這些組合到一起建造成一臺(tái)機(jī)床。這些都與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、體積膨脹相關(guān)。所有不同尺寸的東西都會(huì)以不同的速度生長(zhǎng)。</p><p>　　由于這個(gè)原因，需要制造熱友好機(jī)床，以便知道發(fā)熱的薄弱點(diǎn)在哪里，可以通過(guò)合理的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)補(bǔ)償。元件是全程運(yùn)動(dòng)。機(jī)床滑動(dòng)產(chǎn)生摩擦并轉(zhuǎn)化為熱。切削加工產(chǎn)生的熱屑掉到不同地方，在整個(gè)過(guò)程中冷卻液會(huì)混合在其中。在切削刀具上會(huì)持續(xù)出現(xiàn)很多不同的溫度區(qū)

8、域，所以也會(huì)有很多東西對(duì)熱穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響。切削刀具技術(shù)把多功能組合機(jī)床變成了具備銑削和切削能力的“全能機(jī)器”。</p><p>　　據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是這些機(jī)床整體上更具直覺(jué)性。防撞保護(hù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)非常成熟，在某些情況下，即使采用手動(dòng)操作模式，也能避免碰撞的發(fā)生。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺(jué)性，用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機(jī)床會(huì)以其生存能力遍布于更多不同的加工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。離線編程優(yōu)化和NC自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的形

9、成已經(jīng)使這一技術(shù)更容易接受，因此當(dāng)將程序用在機(jī)床上時(shí)，不必花很多時(shí)間去調(diào)整程序和確認(rèn)某一元件沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。如果一個(gè)零件需要配備上下兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時(shí)進(jìn)行粗加工，這種情況下編程是比較困難的,因?yàn)樗枰獌蓚€(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時(shí)進(jìn)刀。AdMac系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)這些同時(shí)進(jìn)刀的刀架的自動(dòng)編程，并能使正確的主軸速度、正確的進(jìn)給速度等所有參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)同步。</p><p>　　Okuma公司的防撞系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)基于實(shí)際加工工況的防撞模擬，因此，如果操作

10、者安裝了錯(cuò)誤的刀具或設(shè)定了錯(cuò)誤的參數(shù)，控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)檢測(cè)出來(lái)并阻止機(jī)床進(jìn)入加工狀態(tài),通過(guò)與西門(mén)子公司合作， INDEX公司現(xiàn)在可以提供3D模式的“虛擬機(jī)床”，按照某一特定型號(hào)的機(jī)床定制。結(jié)果表明，模擬加工出來(lái)的成品零件不只是與實(shí)際成品相似，簡(jiǎn)直就是一對(duì)一的拷貝。直覺(jué)式控制界面、模擬以及其他軟件技術(shù)進(jìn)步，更多的生產(chǎn)車間向多功能組合機(jī)床敞開(kāi)了大門(mén)，但如果沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的知識(shí)培訓(xùn)和解決問(wèn)題的創(chuàng)造力，制造商也很難體會(huì)到和充分利用先進(jìn)機(jī)床柔順性方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

11、對(duì)機(jī)器所做的工作越多，機(jī)器就會(huì)越復(fù)雜，也相應(yīng)地需要具備更強(qiáng)技能的人才能操縱它。</p><p>　　假如一個(gè)機(jī)械師過(guò)去一天操作3臺(tái)機(jī)床，那么現(xiàn)在他有這樣一臺(tái)多功能的機(jī)床，就可以生產(chǎn)出更多的零件。更為重要的是，他可以借助軟件的幫助使生產(chǎn)效率更高，對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)換加工零件的準(zhǔn)備，也可以編制加工工藝計(jì)劃。因?yàn)楦鼡Q零件需要降下3個(gè)主軸，因此在更換零件之前，車間應(yīng)加工盡可能多的零件。對(duì)于多功能機(jī)床，轉(zhuǎn)換零件速度非?？欤a(chǎn)批次間隔

12、時(shí)間更短，庫(kù)存更低，生產(chǎn)效率更高。能夠充分利用多功能機(jī)床的一些車間，很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)崗位功能的統(tǒng)一?，F(xiàn)在，一個(gè)車間可以只用一個(gè)操作人員、一個(gè)調(diào)整工和一個(gè)編程師，將來(lái)這3項(xiàng)工作完全可以由一個(gè)人來(lái)做。傳統(tǒng)崗位描述中機(jī)械師將過(guò)渡成為一個(gè)調(diào)整工程師，如果該工程師還熟悉零件加工編程，那就更理想了。對(duì)于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換，培訓(xùn)就比較簡(jiǎn)單了，只要培訓(xùn)1個(gè)人就行，而不是3個(gè)人。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看，這將提供給人們更高的崗位滿意度。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)加工編程并且親自關(guān)注零件加

13、工的整個(gè)過(guò)程時(shí)，他就完全成了這個(gè)零件的主宰者。除此之外，還應(yīng)該在刀具選擇和編程方面做更多的努力，要使任何型號(hào)的多功能組合機(jī)床都成功，車間需要配備熟練的機(jī)械師，有能力并靈活地完成多種操作。因此，橫向培訓(xùn)比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都重要了。把銑削和車削加工視為</p><p><b>　　刀具選擇</b></p><p>　　大多數(shù)人不會(huì)將轎車輪胎裝到跑車上，但加工刀具就發(fā)生了這樣的

14、情況。刀具應(yīng)與新機(jī)床相匹配，可以想像在新機(jī)床上重復(fù)使用舊刀具對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率的影響。為匹配多功能組合機(jī)床，新刀具和刀具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。目前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域正在研制開(kāi)發(fā)的加工刀具，可以在同一刀架上完成車削、鏜削和鉆削加工，只是加工時(shí)相對(duì)于工件的角度有所不同而已。加工操作上的差別甚至都混淆不清了。新的加工刀具可以完成銑削和車削。</p><p>　　動(dòng)化技術(shù)（機(jī)床）是本世紀(jì)以來(lái)發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)

15、化技術(shù)是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力，是直接創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的主要手段之一，對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動(dòng)作用。因此，自動(dòng)化技術(shù)受到世界各國(guó)的廣泛重視和越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用。 機(jī)械自動(dòng)化（機(jī)床），主要指在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)加工對(duì)象的連續(xù)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，加快生產(chǎn)投入物的加工變換和流動(dòng)速度。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)，不僅影響整

16、個(gè)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步有很大的直接影響。因此，發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，符合我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的基本原則，符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。 如何發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)（機(jī)床），這里有個(gè)技術(shù)政策問(wèn)題，應(yīng)實(shí)事求是，一切從我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情出發(fā)，做好各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作，走中國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路。 國(guó)內(nèi)外的工業(yè)發(fā)展史告訴我們，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化是一個(gè)由低級(jí)到高級(jí)、由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜、由不完善到完善的發(fā)展過(guò)程。當(dāng)機(jī)

17、器的操作采用自動(dòng)控制器后，生產(chǎn)方式才從機(jī)械化逐步過(guò)渡到機(jī)械控制（傳統(tǒng)</p><p>　　80年代國(guó)際上出現(xiàn)了開(kāi)始采用計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)CIMS(Computer Integrated Manufacturing），柔性自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)模式也有這種情況。初期犆犐犕犛以信息集成為重點(diǎn)，以較高的自動(dòng)化程度為特征，但在實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中遇到了困難。鑒于實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)的全盤(pán)自動(dòng)化所需的巨額投入（一個(gè)全盤(pán)自動(dòng)化工廠耗資數(shù)百億美元

18、，柔性制造系統(tǒng)一般價(jià)格為600～2500萬(wàn)美元），所承擔(dān)的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，加之技術(shù)上的難度與可靠性等問(wèn)題，世界工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已開(kāi)始“碰壁轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)”，轉(zhuǎn)而注重信息集成的效果，追求低成本自動(dòng)化LCA(Low Cost Automation）的企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行方式。 </p><p>　　組合機(jī)床未來(lái)的發(fā)展將更多的采用調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)和滾珠絲杠等傳動(dòng)，以簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)、縮短生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍；采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱、夾具自動(dòng)更換系統(tǒng)，以提高工藝可調(diào)

19、性；以及納入柔性制造系據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time</p><p>　　Timothy and Jacobs, Denis' A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university</p>

20、<p>　　Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competit

21、ive power in global scale's market.</p><p>　　Key word: Make the lathe up</p><p>　　Regarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it,

22、like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposit

23、ion, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed</p><p>　　As a result of market dem

24、and's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production envir

25、onment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.</p><p>　　Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpos

26、e aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Productio

27、n workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. </p><p>　　Intuition type technical control</p><p>　　The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has diff

28、erent material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal condu

29、ctivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth. </p><p>　　As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of k

30、nowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produ

31、ces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will t</p><p>　　Accor

32、ding to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if use

33、s the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-

34、purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability wo</p><p>　　The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control system's formation already made this technology to be easier to accept,

35、 when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revol

36、ving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it </p><p>　　Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system desi

37、gn based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents

38、 the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model'

39、;s engine bed</p><p>　　The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-pur

40、pose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexib

41、ility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more </p><p>　　If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed n

42、ow, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also esta

43、blish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possib</p><p>　　In the traditi

44、onal post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has bee

45、n simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to pro

46、cess the programming, and pays attention to th</p><p>　　The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situ

47、ation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate

48、 machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial fie</p><p>　　Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops

49、 is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is

50、playing the enormous promotion effect to humanity's production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more ap<

51、/p><p>　　The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adap

52、t the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the comp

53、uter technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable</p><p>　　In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrat

54、ed Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in

55、realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture system's</p><p>　　The aggregate machine-tool

56、future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig