變電站外文翻譯--- 變電站的地質(zhì)條件

1、<p><b>　　附錄一：外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Earthquake Research in China</p><p>　　Research on the Seismic-Geological Conditionsfor a Large Transformer Substation —A Case Study in the Shimia

2、n Region , Sichuan Province</p><p>　　He Yulin1 ,2) , He Honglin3) and Li Yong1)</p><p>　　1) Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China</p><p>　　2) Earthquake Administ

3、ration of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 610041 , China</p><p>　　3) Institute of Geology , CEA , Beijing 100029 , China</p><p>　　A seismic-geological disaster can obviously affect an engineering sit

4、e in three aspects : the first is ground faulting caused by the earthquake ; the second is strong ground motion ; the third is geological disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. Through the case s

5、tudy of selection of the huge transformer substation in the Shimian region of Sichuan Province , this paper proposes that the activity pattern and spatial distribution of faults near the site are crucial factors</p>

6、;<p>　　Key words : Seismic disaster ; Huge transformer substation ; Active fault ; Safe distance ;</p><p>　　Shimian region</p><p>　　———————————————————————————————————————</p><

7、p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Large transformer substations belong to significant electric power engineering and their future safety are crucial . Damage to these facilities , e. g. by earthquake , can cause

8、tremendous direct and indirect economic losses. The ground motioaccelerations caused by the January 17 . 1995 , M.>2Kobe , Japan earthquake exceeded the Japanese seismic design standard for electric power systems issu

9、ed in 1980 , so the electric power system in the earthquake-stricken region was severely damaged.</p><p>　　The statistics show the economic loss of the Kansai Electric Power Co. , Inc. alone reached 230 bill

10、ion yuan (RMB) 2.The major damage caused by this earthquake to the electric power equipment was the tilting and toppling of transformers due to soil liquefaction , which led to damage to transformers ,circuit breakers ,

11、lightning arresters and power distribution lines , including the damage to porcelain</p><p>　　——————————————————————————</p><p>　　1 Received on April 10 , 2006 ; revised on December 7 , 20061 Th

12、is project was sponsored by the National 973</p><p>　　Programme of China (4047109) .</p><p>　　2 N. Kawai. Damage to power system during 1995 Kobe earthquake. The 12th IISEE SEMINAR on Seismology

13、 &</p><p>　　Earthquake Engineering , 1998.</p><p>　　bushing shells of transformers at five 275 KV substations , one 187 KV substation and four 77 KV substations. There was a power cut for a

14、long time in the quake-stricken region due to the breakdown of electric power equipment , which severely hampered the efforts of emergency disaster relief and hence aggravated the disaster.China is an earthquake-prone co

15、untry. The previous earthquake cases demonstrate severe seismic damage to electric power facilities too. With the constant development of the </p><p>　　SEISMOGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SITE OF LARGE ELECT

16、RIC POWER FACILITIES</p><p>　　As is well known , a seismic disaster can obviously affect the engineering site in three aspects :the first is ground faulting caused by the earthquake ; the second is strong gr

17、ound motion ; and the thirdis earthquake induced geological disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. So thelargest influencing factors in seismogeology on an engineering site are active faults and

18、seismicintensity. The large electric power facilities should be located in relatively tectonically stab</p><p>　　Table 1 　The safety distance of large electric power facility site to fault and the measures t

19、o be taken</p><p>　　Note : Adapted from Technical code for investigation of geotechnical engineering of fossil fuel power plant (DLPT 5074 1997)So , regarding the seismic and geological safety for large elec

20、tric power facilities , there are twomajor influencing factors , one is the earthquake intensity and the other is the activity of the fault and its spatial distribution relation to the engineering site.</p><p&

21、gt;　　CASE STUDIES THE SELECTION OF THE SITE FOR THE 500KV TRANSFORMERSUBSTATION IN SHIMIAN, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA</p><p>　　An Overview of the Studied AreaThe Shimian , Sichuan area is located in the high m

22、ountainous area in the west of China , withabundant water resources. The Dadu river runs through the area with a length of 84km. There are 27branch rivers in the area with a catchment area of over 30km2 each , e. g. the

23、nanya river , theXiaoshui river , the Songlin river , and the Tianwan river , so on. The natural runoff volume in the areais 27.3 billion cubic meters , and the exploitable hydro-energy resource is </p><p>　

24、　2.2 　Fault ActivityInvestigations on geology , geomorphology and tectonic activity ( Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001 ;Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2003 ; Wen Xueze , et al . , 2000 ; Wen Xueze , et al . , 2001 ; Song Fangmin

25、,et al . , 2002) reveal that the Quaternary activities of the above faults behave differently. TheXianshuihe fault , Anninghe fault and the Daliangshan fault show obvious late Quaternary activities ,while others are all

26、early-mid Quaternary active faults (Table 2) . The faults tha</p><p>　　2.2.1 　The Xianshuihe FaultThe Xianshuihe fault is a famous strong earthquake active fault in West China. It starts fromGarzêat the

27、 northwest , extends southeastwards via Luhuo , Daofu and Moxi of Luding and ends in thevicinity of Gongyihai of Shimian , with a total length of 400km. The fault is an active left-lateral strike-slip fault , striking N4

28、0°～50°W.The fault is characterized by marked Holocene activity , and faulted landforms and modernearthquake surface fractures are evident . Divided b</p><p>　　The faulted landform is distinct along

29、 the southeast segment of the Xianshuihe fault . Left-lateraldisplacement of geomorphic bodies , such as gullies , ridges , glacial till , river terraces and fans , etc.took place here and there , forming fault scarps an

30、d associated sag ponds. The average horizontal sliprate of the fault is 8mm/a (Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) . The seismicity along the fault is featured byhigh magnitude and frequency. The biggest earthquake is the 178

31、6 earthquake with M>7.</p><p>　　There has been no evident activity on the southern segment (south of Xichang) since the late Quaternary , but the middle and northern segments were obviously active in the

32、Holocene. The studied area is closely related to the northern segment of the Anninghe fault . The northern segment of the Anninghe fault , i . e. the Xiaoxiangling segment , is 90 km long intotal . The structure of the

33、Tianwan-Zimakua segment is relatively simple , consisting mainly of several sub faults distributing en echel</p><p>　　.On the south of Jiziping , the gullies form a proluvial fan apron at the toe of slope. B

34、ecause of thedifferent lengths of the gullies , their horizontal dislocation amounts are obviously different . TL datingof white sabulous clay sampled at the top of the proluvial fan formed by the gully with the dislocat

35、ion of 30m is 6350 ±500a BP. Accordingly , the average horizontal slip rate of this fault segment is estimated to be ≥417mm/a (Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) . So far , there are no definite</p><p>　　T

36、he Daliangshan Fault The Daliangshan fault stretches in the hinterland of the Daliangshan Mountains to the east of theAnninghe and Zemuhe faults. It starts from Shimian in the north , extends southward via Haitang ,Yuexi

37、 , Puxiong , Zhaojuezhuhe , Tuodu , Jifulada and Jiaojihe , and ends in Qiaojia of YunnanProvince , with a total length of 280km. The fault appears to be left-step en echelon with theXianshuihe fault and right-step en ec

38、helon with the Xiaojiao fault . The fault strikes N30°Wto n</p><p>　　The geologic tectonic setting at the Wajiao site is relatively simple. Investigation shows that the southeast segment of the NW-trend

39、ing Xianshuihe fault , 4.5km west of the site , is the closest fault to the site.By field survey , it was found that mud rock flows have occurred several times in Hailiugou at the rear edge of the site in recent years ,

40、and a larger event occurred in 1957 which caused considerable impact to the site. Therefore , the geological hazard has a significant effect on the</p><p>　　3 　RESULTS OF SITE SELECTION　　</p><p>

41、;　　Based on the research into seismogeological conditions for the 4 sites in the Shimian area (Table3) and in combination with the consideration of safety distance between electric power facilities andfault s and the pri

42、nciples for measures to be taken (Table 1) , we can easily judge the pros and cons ofthe 4 sites. (1) Neither the Songlin site nor the Sudaping site can satisfy the required safety distance to activefaults as given in T

43、able 1. Furthermore , to the Songlin site , antiseismic enginee</p><p>　　the Shimian area</p><p>　　(2) Though the Wajiao site satisfies the above-mentioned requirement , there is a risk of mount

44、aindisasters , such as mud-rock flows etc. , and the basic intensity is the highest there. So , constructionin this site would be expensive.(3) The Meiluo site fully satisfies the requirements on safety distance to activ

45、e faults ; the basicseismic intensity of the site is the lowest ; the conditions are in favor of cost saving.To sum up , judging from the seismogeological point of view , the Meiluo sit</p><p>　　4 　CONCLUSIO

46、N　　The practice of site selection for a large transformer substation in the Shimian area indicates thatthe key factors to the seismogeological conditions of the site are the activity of fault and its distribution. And to

47、 determine these key factors , we need thorough and detailed field surveys to obtain the activitypattern and the spatial distribution characteristics of the fault , and if necessary , to explore the natureof the fault an

48、d the location it passes through using geophysic</p><p><b>　　中國地震研究 </b></p><p>　　研究一大型變壓器— 變電站的地質(zhì)條件-四川省石棉地區(qū)中的一個案例研究 </p><p>　　Shimian Region , Sichuan Province He Yu

49、lin 1 ,2) , He Honglin 3) and Li Yong 1) 赫吁琳 1，2），赫轟瞵 3） 李勇 1） </p><p>　　1) Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China 1）成都理工，成都610059，中國大學 </p><p>　　2) Earthquake Administrat

50、ion of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 610041 , China 2）四川地震，成都610041，中國政府 </p><p>　　3) Institute of Geology , CEA , Beijing 100029 , China 3）地質(zhì)，東航，北京100029，中國研究所 </p><p>　　A seismic 2 geolog

51、ical disaster can obviously affect an engineering site in three aspects : the first is ground faulting caused by the earthquake ; the second is strong ground motion ; the third is geological disasters such as landslides

52、, mud 2 rock flows and liquefaction . Through the case study of selection of the huge transformer substation in the Shimian region of Sichuan Province , this paper proposes that the activity pattern and spatial distribut

53、ion of faults near the site are crucial fa</p><p>　　Key words : Seismic disaster ; Huge transformer substation ; Active fault ; Safe distance ; 關鍵詞 ： 地震災害 ; 巨大的變電站 ; 活斷層 ; 安全距離 ; </p><p>　　Shimi

54、an region 石棉地區(qū) </p><p>　　——————————————————————————————————————— --------------------------------------- </p><p>　　INTRODUCTION 引言 </p><p>　　Large transformer substations belong to

55、significant electric power engineering and their future safety are crucial . 大型變電站屬于重大電力工程，它未來的安全是至關重要的。 Damage to these facilities , eg by earthquake , can cause tremendous direct and indirect economic losses. 這些設施的損壞

56、，如地震，會造成巨大的直接或間接經(jīng)濟損失。 The ground motion accelerations caused by the January 17 , 1995 , M 7 1 21995年1月17日地面運動引起的加速度M>7 . 2，日Kobe , Japan earthquake exceeded the Japanese seismic design standard for electric power syst

57、ems issued in 1980 , so</p><p>　　—————————————————————————— -------------------------- </p><p>　　1 Received on April 10 , 2006 ; revised on December 7 , 2006 1 This project was sponsored by the

58、National 973 1投稿于2006年4月10日，修訂了2006年12月7日 1 該項目是由全國973贊助 </p><p>　　Programme of China (4047109) . 計劃在中國（4047109）。 </p><p>　　2 N. Kawai. 2 N.河合。 Damage to power system during 1995 Kobe earthquake

59、. 電力系統(tǒng)造成的損害 ， 在1995年阪神大地震。 The 12th IISEE SEMINAR on Seismology & 關于地震和12日IISEE研討會 </p><p>　　Earthquake Engineering , 1998 . 地震工程，1998。 </p><p>　　bushing shells of transformers at five 275

60、KV substations , one 187 KV substation and four 77 KV在5 個275千伏變電站，1 個187千伏變電站和4個77千伏的變壓器殼substations.的破壞。 There was a power cut for a long time in the quake 2 stricken region due to the breakdown 有一個地震災區(qū)因電力設備故障長期停電of ele

61、ctric power equipment , which severely hampered the efforts of emergency disaster relief and，這嚴重阻礙了緊急救災所作的努力 ，hence aggravated the disaster因此加劇了災難。 </p><p>　　China is an earthquake 2 prone countr中國是一個地震多發(fā)國家。

62、 The previous earthquake cases demonstrate severe seismic 以前的震例證明遭受嚴重地震的地區(qū)damage to electric power facilities too.電力設施也會受到嚴重破壞。 With the constant development of the economy in China , 隨著中國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展， especially in the West

63、China development drive , many important electric power facilities have been or特別是在中國西部發(fā)展的動力下，許多重要的電力設施已經(jīng)或will be constructed.將興建。 Owing to the frequent strong earthquake activities in the west part of China , the 由于在中國西

64、部經(jīng)常有強震活動，所以</p><p>　　對大型電力設施的選址所要求的地震地質(zhì)條件 </p><p>　　眾所周知，地震災害明顯從3個方面影響工程場地： 第一個是地面斷層造成地震，二是強烈的地面運動;第三 是地震如塌方泥石流和液化誘發(fā)地質(zhì)災害。因此 ，對一工程場地影響最大的地震地質(zhì)因素是地震活動斷層和intensity強度。The large electric power facilit

65、ies should be located in relatively tectonically stable areas大型電力設施應設在構造相對穩(wěn)定的地方， 那就是說應建造在受斷層影響小i 1 e.地震烈度低的地方。 According to the electric power 根據(jù)電力industry p s standards of China 2 Technical code for investigation of geo

66、technical engineering of fossil fuel power plants DL P T5074 2 1997 (Ministry of Power Industry , 1997) and the characteristics of actual </p><p>　　Table 1 表1 　 The safety distance of large electric power fa

67、cility site to fault and the measures to be taken大型電力設施的工地安全距離故障及應采取的措施 </p><p>　　注：摘自對化石燃料的電廠巖土工程勘察技術規(guī)范（消旋 P ? 5074 1997) 1997） </p><p>　　So , regarding the seismic and geological safety for la

68、rge electric power facilities , there are two 因此，對于大型電力設施的地震地質(zhì)安全，主要有兩個major influencing factors , one is the earthquake intensity and the other is the activity of the fault and its spatial distribution relation to the en

69、gineering site.影響因素，一個是地震烈度 ， 另一個是斷層的空間分布及其活動特點與工程站點的關系。 </p><p>　　2 2CASE STUDIES 2 THE SELECTION OF THE SITE FOR THE 500KV TRANSFOR案例2 中中國四川省石棉地區(qū)500kV變電站選址 SUBSTATION IN SHIMIAN, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA<

70、;/p><p>　　An Overview of the Studied Area 一個研究區(qū)概況 </p><p>　　The Shimian , Sichuan area is located in the high mountainous area in the west of China , with石棉，四川地區(qū)位于中國西部高山區(qū)，有abundant water resources.

71、豐富的水資源。 The Dadu river runs through the area with a length of 84km.運行長達八十四公里的大渡河經(jīng)過該地區(qū)。 There are 27 有27branch rivers in the area with a catchment area of over 30km 2 each , eg the nanya river , th分支河流在該地區(qū)每個分支擁有超過30公里集水區(qū)

72、，如南亞河流，Xiaoshui river , the Songlin river , and the Tianwan river , so on.瀟水河，松林河，田灣河，等等。 The natural runoff volume in the area 該地區(qū)的天然徑流量 is 27</p><p>　　The area is featured with high and moderate 2 high mou

73、ntains , the relief is cragged and the elevation of the most part of the area is over 2500m above sea level . 該地區(qū)的地形特點是高和中度高山特色，地形崎嶇以及該地區(qū)大部分海拔超過海拔2500米?？紤]到該地區(qū)的In view of the tecton考environment , the area is situated in

74、 the juncture between the two first 2 order geotectonic units of th環(huán)境，該地區(qū)坐落在雙方的首次的大地構造單元的時候Songpan 2 Garzêorogen and the Yangtze para 2 platform on the eastern margin of the Qinghai 2 Xizang 那里有松潘 甘孜和長江第二條和青海 平臺 西藏

75、東緣 (Tibet) </p><p>　　2 . 2 2.2Fault Activi斷層活動 </p><p>　　Investigations on geology , geomorphology and tectonic activity ( Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001 ; 據(jù)關的地質(zhì)地貌和構造活動調(diào)查（周融竣等。，2001; Zhou Rong

76、jun , et al .周融浚，等。 , 2003 ; Wen Xueze , et al . ，2003;聞學澤，等。 , 2000 ; Wen Xueze , et al . ，2000;聞學澤，等。 , 2001 ; Song Fangmin , 2001年，宋方敏，et al . 等。 , 2002) reveal that the Quaternary activities of the above faults behav

77、e differently. ，2002）顯示 ， 上述斷層在第四紀活動有所不同。 The 那個Xianshuihe fault , Anninghe fault and the Daliangshan fault show obvious late Quaternary activi</p><p>　　2 . 2 . 1 2.2.1 The Xianshuihe Fau鮮水河斷層 </p>

78、<p>　　The Xianshuihe fault is a famous strong earthquake active fault in West China. 鮮水河斷層是一條著名的強烈地震區(qū)屬于中國西部活動斷層。 It starts from 它始于Garzêat the northwest , extends southeastwards via Luhuo , Daofu and Moxi of Lu

79、ding and ends in the甘孜西北，通過延伸爐霍，道孚和瀘定磨溪向東南延伸和結束于石棉vicinity of Gongyihai of Shimian , with a total length of 400km.附近的公益馬，總長度為400公里。 The fault is an active left 2 lateral strike 2斷層是一個活躍的左slip fault , striking N40 °～

80、 50 ° W.滑斷層，突出N40 °?50 ° The fault is characterized by marked Holocene activity ,</p><p>　　Fig. 圖。 1 1 </p><p>　　The regional seismotectonic map of Shimian area (earthquake data i

81、s up to 2005) 該區(qū)域的石棉地區(qū)地震構造圖（地震數(shù)據(jù)是到2005年） </p><p>　　Major faults and number : ① Xiansguihe fault ; ② Anninghe fault ; ③ Daliangshan fault ; ④ Xiyoufang fault ; 主要斷層及編號：①鮮水河斷層;② 安寧河斷層;③大涼山斷層;④西油房斷層; ⑤ Bindong

82、fault ; ⑥ Mengzhong fault ; ⑦ Bailu fault ; ⑧ Miaozikan fault ; ⑨ Meiluo fault ; ⑩ Baima Fault ;⑤兵洞斷層 ;⑥猛種斷層;⑦白露斷層;⑧廟子坎斷層;⑨美羅斷層 ;⑩白 馬斷層; lv Jinping fault ;呂錦屏斷層; lw Yangjiagou fault ; 龍運 楊家溝斷層; lx F1 fault ; 中心LX F1斷層; l

83、y Tongluofang fault 光年 銅鑼房斷層 Kangding and Moxi , Luding.康定和摩西，瀘定。 </p><p>　　The Anninghe Fault 安寧河斷層 </p><p>　　The fault starts from Tianwan in the north , extends southward via Jiziping , Zimak

84、ua , Jinchang , 斷層始于田灣北部，向南延伸經(jīng)麂子坪，紫馬垮，金昌， Yejitong , Daqiao , Mianning , Lugushaer , Xinhua , Xining of Xichang , and Dechang , and dies out in野雞塔，大橋，冕寧，瀘沽湖，新華，西昌西寧，和德昌，結束于Huili , with a total length of 375km.慧麗，總長度375公里

85、。 這個The fault shows a complicated en echelon relation with the斷層與鮮水河斷層形成了一個復雜的雁列狀Xianshuihe fault in its spatial distribution.的空間分布。 It is characterized by left 2 lateral strike 2 slip with an evid</p><p>　　

86、Table 2 表2 　Characteristics and activities of major active faults in the Shimian are特征及在石棉縣領域的主要活動斷裂活動 </p><p>　　麂子坪南部，溝壑在山坡腳形成一洪積扇圍裙。Because of th由于different lengths of the gullies , their horizontal disloc

87、ation amounts are obviously different .不同長度的溝壑，其橫向錯位量明顯不同。 TL dating 商標法約會of white sabulous clay sampled at the top of the proluvial fan formed by the gully with the dislocation of 30m is 6350 ± 500a BP.含沙的粘土在由同30米形

88、成的位錯溝洪積扇頂部采樣是6350 ± 500a。Accordingly , the average horizontal slip rate of this fault segment is estimated to be ≥ 4 1 7mm P a (Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) .因此，這個斷層的平均水平滑動速率估計為 ≥4.7毫米的 （周融</p><p>　　S

89、o far , there are no definite historical earthquake records on the northern segment of the到目前為止，沒有明確對于安寧河斷層北段地震歷史紀錄 Anninghe fault .。The only one is the 1913 M 6 1 0 earthquake唯一的一個是1913年M>6 .0大地震。However , there are

90、some surface trace不過，也有一些表面的痕跡證明它在of pre 2 historic earthquakes preserved on the fault segment .zhengming證明歷史上的斷層段地震。 Not far before 1440 AD ± 90 , a strong 在不遠處公元1440 ± 90，強大的earthquake occurred on the norther

91、n segment of the fault in the area north of Mianning , which is the地震發(fā)生在</p><p>　　2 . 2 . 32.2.3 大涼山斷層　 The Daliangshan Fault大涼 </p><p>　　The Daliangshan fault stretches in the hinterland of the

92、 Daliangshan Mountains to the east of the 大涼山斷層一直延伸到東部的山區(qū)腹地的大涼山 Anninghe and Zemuhe faults. It starts from Shimian in the north , extends southward via Haitang ,安寧河和則木河斷裂。正是從石棉北部開始，向南延伸經(jīng)海棠， Yuexi , Puxiong , Zhaojuezhuhe

93、 , Tuodu , Jifulada and Jiaojihe , and ends in Qiaojia of Yunnan岳西，普雄，并在云南巧家結束，總長度為二百八十公里。 The fault appears to be left 2 step en echelon with the斷層似乎是左梯隊步驟Xianshuihe fault and right 2 step en echelon with the Xiaojiao f

94、ault</p><p><b>　　2 .2 </b></p><p>　　paleoearthquakes revealed by the trench are : event I , which occurred before 7280 ± 560a BP and 古地震的海溝發(fā)現(xiàn)是：如果我之前發(fā)生的7280 ± 560和 offset th

95、e layers ④ and ⑤ , and event II , which resulted in fault contact between the later deposited抵消層 ④ 和 ⑤ 和事件二，這之間的斷層接觸， 導致后來的存放layers ② , ③ and ⑤ ,and was locked by layer ① ; The occurrence time of this event is unknown.層

96、②，③和⑤，并受到層 ① 鎖住 ;這一事件的發(fā)生時間是未知的。 The 那個above shows that there are geological records of strong earthquake along the Daliangshan fault .上述情況表明，有沿大</p><p>　　2 . 3 Determination of Relationship between Power Sta

97、tion Sites and Spatial Position of Active Faults 2.3電站站點附近和活動斷層之間的空間位置關系的確定Nearby</p><p>　　The Wajiao Substation Site 變電站的挖角變電站 </p><p>　　The Wajiao site is located at Wajiao Village on the left

98、 bank of the Dadu river northwest of挖角位于對大渡河左岸在挖角西北村Shimian County , Ya p an City.石棉縣，雅安城。 Topographically , the site lies in a deeply 2 incised mountain area , to its地形，該變電站是在切深山區(qū)，其west is the Dadu River , and it is on

99、terrace II of the river.西邊是大渡河，并在河的二平臺。 The rear edge of the site was affected by 該變電站的后方邊緣影響the evolution of the alluvial fan at Hailiugou , so the terrain elevation has changed.在漢源溝沖積扇的演化，所以地形高低發(fā)生了變化。 The site is highe