外文翻譯---java學(xué)習(xí)過程

1、<p><b>　　D 科技譯文</b></p><p>　　Java Learning Path process</p><p>　　Each person's study method is different, a person's method suits another person not necessarily, I only

2、can discuss own study method. Because I study Java am study independently completely, has not asked others, therefore the study process basically is completely oneself tries to find out. I did not know whether this metho

3、d is the quite good method, only could give everybody to provide refers. </p><p>　　Studies Java first step installs good JDK, writes Hello World? Actually the JDK study is not so simple, has two questions ab

4、out JDK is very easy to puzzle the Java programmer continuously the place: Is the CLASSPATH question, actually said from the principle, is how must make clear JRE ClassLoader increase Class; Another question is package a

5、nd the import question, how seeks the kind of way question. These two questions tried to find out clear, eliminated has studied Java and uses JDK the bigges</p><p>　　Second step is studies Java the grammar.

6、The Java grammar is kind of C++, the basically mainstream programming language is not kind of C, is kind of C++, does not have what new thing, therefore the grammar study, probably was the quite a while time is enough. O

7、nly needs to pay attention is has the key words usage which several is not easy to make clear, public, protected, private, static, when uses, why has to use, how uses, this possible need some people to direct, I initiall

8、y was own ponder ov</p><p>　　Third step is studies Java the object-oriented programming language characteristic place. For instance inherits, structure, abstract class, the connection, the method are many co

9、ndition, heavy load, cover, Java exception handling mechanism. Said regarding a not object-oriented language background person that, I thought this process needs to spend the very long very long time, because studies in

10、front of Java does not have C++ the experience, only then the C experience, I was have probably spent </p><p>　　Fourth step starts a familiar Java kind of storehouse. The Java foundation class storehouse act

11、ually is JDK installs under the table of contents jre\Lib\Rt.Jar this package. The study foundation class storehouse studies rt.Jar. Inside the foundation class storehouse kind are extremely extremely many. It is said so

12、me more than 3,000, I have not counted. But said the most core truly regarding us only then 4, respectively is </p><p>　　Java.Lang.*; </p><p>　　Java.Io.*; </p><p>　　Java.Util.*; <

13、;/p><p>　　Java.Sql.*; </p><p>　　These four packages study, each package study all may write thick teaching material, but O'reilly also truly is does this. I thought if time quite tight, is impo

14、ssible through to read four books to study. I thought the quite good study method is such: </p><p>　　First must read through entire package the frame, understood entire package class, interface, the exceptio

15、n constitution, should better be can find the introduction entire package frame the article. These introduced specially package of books the first several chapters should be these overall frame content introductions. Is

16、not must be familiar with each kind of usage to the package of overall frame assurance, which attributes remembers it have, the method. Wants to record also cannot remember. </p><p>　　Fifth step, through abo

17、ve study, if study the quite solid speech, built the Java foundation, is left over the work which had to do is sweeps clean inside Documentation besides above 4 packages other some comparisons to have the use the kind. B

18、elieved progressed to this step, Java studies independently the ability already to raise, might to study Documentation directly horizontal. Besides must make the GUI programming, inside JDK other can have the use the pac

19、kage is these: </p><p>　　Java.Text.*; </p><p>　　Java.Net.*; </p><p>　　Javax.Naming.*; </p><p>　　These packages of inside real correct uses quite many kinds very are act

20、ually few, only then several, therefore does not need to spend the very much time.</p><p>　　Sixth step, Java Web programming </p><p>　　The Web programming core is the HTTP agreement, the HTTP ag

21、reement and Java irrelevant, if not familiar HTTP agreement, although also may learn Servlet/JSP programming, but cannot achieve extrapolates, by knowing one method you will know all boundary. Therefore the HTTP agreemen

22、t study is necessary. If has been familiar with HTTP agreement, also had the Java programming good foundation, studies Servlet/JSP is simply easy as pie, I study Servlet/JSP has used not to week-long time, then started

23、w</p><p>　　In addition Java the Web programming study must place Web Application with emphasis in the design pattern, how carries on the service logic the analysis, and carries on the reasonable design, acco

24、rding to the MVC design pattern request, completes the different logical level separately using Servlet and JSP, how grasps carries on the flow between Servlet and JSP the control and data sharing, as well as how Web sho

25、uld Application dispose and the deployment.</p><p>　　Seventh step, J2EE programming </p><p>　　The above study process if is quite smooth, carries on to this step, the difficulty enhances suddenl

26、y. Because the above knowledge content all only involves an aspect, but likes EJB, JMS, core the and so on JTA J2EE standard often is several kind of Java technology synthesis utilization crystallization, therefore grasp

27、s the difficulty quite to be big. </p><p>　　First certainly must study good JNDI, JNDI is App the Server localization server resources (the EJB module, Datasouce, JMS) searches the method, if to JNDI not fam

28、iliar, EJB, JMS these things cannot study nearly. JNDI actually is javax.Naming.* This package, utilizes is very simple. The difficulty lies in the server resources document the disposition. Regarding the server resource

29、s document disposition, needed to have a look the special documents to be standard, for instance web.Xml mode of writ</p><p>　　Then may study JTA, mainly is must understand JTA regarding business control met

30、hod, as well as should use JTA in any situation. Here may simple cite an example, we knew the ordinary circumstances may carry on business regarding a database connection (conn.SetAutoCommit (false)....,Conn.Commit ()),

31、does is an atomic operation, but the supposition my service demand is needs to hold artificially to two different databases is an atomic operation, you can do to? At this time only could use JTA. The </p><p>

32、;　　In studies in front of EJB must study the object sequence and RMI, RMI is the EJB foundation. Then studies JMS and EJB, said regarding EJB, most is essential is must understand how EJB is realizes through RMI to the f

33、ar-end object transfer, as well as must use in any situation to EJB. </p><p>　　In studies EJB, after JMS these things, you possibly can realize must extremely anxiously study two domains the knowledge, is UM

34、L, another is Design Pattern. The Java enterprise software design takes the frame extremely (Framework) the design, a good software frame is the software develops the successful essential condition. In this time, should

35、start the study key point to place the design pattern and in the frame study, experiences through the study and the actual programming grasps EJB the de</p><p>　　Inside J2EE standard, except EJB, JMS, JTA, S

36、ervlet/JSP, outside JDBC also has the very many very many enterprises technology, here 11 did not carry on introduced</p><p>　　Moreover also has newest domain Web Services. Web Services also completely does

37、not have any new thing, it likes is one kind of adhesive, may unify the different service provides a unified transfer connection, said as the user, I so long as obtain the service provider for mine WSDL (to service descr

38、iption), has sufficed, I did not know completely the server tenderer provides actually the service is the EJB module,The Net module, any CORBA module, other any realizations, I do not need to know. We</p><p>

39、;<b>　　JAVA學(xué)習(xí)過程</b></p><p>　　每個人的學(xué)習(xí)方法是不同的，一個人的方法不見得適合另一個人，我只能是談自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)習(xí)Java是完全自學(xué)的，從來沒有問過別人，所以學(xué)習(xí)的過程基本上完全是自己摸索出來的。我也不知道這種方法是否是比較好的方法，只能給大家提供一點(diǎn)參考了。 </p><p>　　學(xué)習(xí)Java的第一步是安裝好JDK，寫一個He

40、llo World，其實(shí)JDK的學(xué)習(xí)沒有那么簡單，關(guān)于JDK有兩個問題是很容易一直困擾Java程序員的地方：一個是CLASSPATH的問題，其實(shí)從原理上來說，是要搞清楚JRE的ClassLoader是如何加載Class的；另一個問題是package和import問題，如何來尋找類的路徑問題。把這兩個問題摸索清楚了，就掃除了學(xué)習(xí)Java和使用JDK的最大障礙。推薦看一下王森的《Java深度歷險》，對這兩個問題進(jìn)行了深入的探討。 </

41、p><p>　　第二步是學(xué)習(xí)Java的語法。Java的語法是類C++的，基本上主流的編程語言不是類C，就是類C++的，沒有什么新東西，所以語法的學(xué)習(xí)，大概就是半天的時間足夠了。唯一需要注意的是有幾個不容易搞清楚的關(guān)鍵字的用法，public，protected，private，static，什么時候用，為什么要用，怎么用，這可能需要有人來指點(diǎn)一下，我當(dāng)初是完全自己琢磨出來的，花了很久的時間。不過后來我看到《Thinki

42、ng in Java》這本書上面是講了這些概念的。 </p><p>　　第三步是學(xué)習(xí)Java的面向?qū)ο蟮木幊陶Z言的特性的地方。比如繼承，構(gòu)造器，抽象類，接口，方法的多態(tài)，重載，覆蓋，Java的異常處理機(jī)制。對于一個沒有面向?qū)ο笳Z言背景的人來說，我覺得這個過程需要花很長很長時間，因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)Java之前沒有C++的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，只有C的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我是大概花了一個月左右吧，才徹底把這些概念都搞清楚，把書上面的例子反復(fù)的揣摩，修改，

43、嘗試，把那幾章內(nèi)容反復(fù)的看過來，看過去，看了不下5遍，才徹底領(lǐng)悟了。不過我想如果有C++經(jīng)驗(yàn)的話，應(yīng)該一兩天時間足夠了。那么在這個過程中，可以多看看《Thinking in Java》這本書，對面向?qū)ο蟮闹v解非常透徹。可惜的是我學(xué)習(xí)的時候，并沒有看到這本書，所以自己花了大量的時間，通過自己的嘗試和揣摩來學(xué)會的。 </p><p>　　第四步就是開始熟悉Java的類庫。Java的基礎(chǔ)類庫其實(shí)就是JDK安裝目錄下面j

44、re\lib\rt.jar這個包。學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)類庫就是學(xué)習(xí)rt.jar?；A(chǔ)類庫里面的類非常非常多。據(jù)說有3000多個，我沒有統(tǒng)計過。但是真正對于我們來說最核心的只有4個，分別是:</p><p>　　java.lang.*;</p><p>　　java.io.*;</p><p>　　java.util.*; </p><p>　　java.

45、sql.*;</p><p>　　這四個包的學(xué)習(xí)，每個包的學(xué)習(xí)都可以寫成一本厚厚的教材，而O'reilly也確實(shí)是這樣做的。我覺得如果時間比較緊，是不可能通過讀四本書來學(xué)習(xí)。我覺得比較好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是這樣的：</p><p>　　首先要通讀整個package的框架，了解整個package的class，interface，exception的構(gòu)成，最好是能夠找到介紹整個包框架的文章。這

46、些專門介紹包的書籍的前幾章應(yīng)該就是這些總體的框架內(nèi)容介紹。</p><p>　　對包整體框架的把握并不是要熟悉每個類的用法，記住它有哪些屬性，方法。想記也記不住的。而是要知道包有哪些方面的類構(gòu)成的，這些類的用途是什么，最核心的幾個類分別是完成什么功能的。我在給人培訓(xùn)的時候一般是一次課講一個包，所以不可能詳細(xì)的介紹每個類的用法，但是我反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)，我給你們講這些包的不是要告訴你們類的方法是怎么調(diào)用的，也不要求你們記住類

47、的方法調(diào)用，而是要你們了解，Java給我們提供了哪些類，每個類是用在什么場合，當(dāng)我遇到問題的時候，我知道哪個類，或者哪幾個類的組合可以解決我的問題，That'all！，當(dāng)我們具體寫程序的時候，只要你知道該用哪個類來完成你的工作就足夠了。編碼的時候，具體的方法調(diào)用，是邊寫代碼，邊查Documentation，所有的東西都在Documentation里面，不要求你一定記住，實(shí)際你也記不住3000多個類的總共將近10萬個方法調(diào)用。所以

48、對每個包的總體框架的把握就變得極為重要。第五步，通過上面的學(xué)習(xí)，如果學(xué)的比較扎實(shí)的話，就打好了Java的基礎(chǔ)了，剩下要做的工作是掃清Documentation里面除了上面4個包之外的其他一些比較有用處的類。相信進(jìn)展到這一步，Java</p><p>　　java.text.*; </p><p>　　java.net.*; </p><p>　　javax.nami

49、ng.*;</p><p>　　這些包里面真正用的比較多的類其實(shí)很少，只有幾個，所以不需要花很多時間。 </p><p>　　第六步，Java Web 編程 </p><p>　　Web編程的核心是HTTP協(xié)議，HTTP協(xié)議和Java無關(guān)，如果不熟悉HTTP協(xié)議的話，雖然也可以學(xué)好Servlet/JSP編程，但是達(dá)不到舉一反三，一通百通的境界。所以HTTP協(xié)議的學(xué)習(xí)

50、是必備的。如果熟悉了HTTP協(xié)議的話，又有了Java編程的良好的基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)習(xí)Servlet/JSP簡直易如反掌，我學(xué)習(xí)Servlet/JSP就用了不到一周的時間，然后就開始用JSP來做項(xiàng)目了。 在Servlet/JSP的學(xué)習(xí)中，重頭仍然是Servlet Documentation。Servlet API最常用的類很少，花比較少的時間就可以掌握了。把這些類都看一遍，多寫幾個例子試試。Servlet/JSP編程本質(zhì)就是在反復(fù)調(diào)用這些類來通過H

51、TTP協(xié)議在Web Server和Brower之間交談。另外對JSP，還需要熟悉幾個常用JSP的標(biāo)記，具體的寫法記不住的話，臨時查就是了。 </p><p>　　此外Java Web編程學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)要放在Web Application的設(shè)計模式上，如何進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的分析，并且進(jìn)行合理的設(shè)計，按照MVC設(shè)計模式的要求，運(yùn)用Servlet和JSP分別完成不同的邏輯層，掌握如何在Servlet和JSP之間進(jìn)行流程的控制和

52、數(shù)據(jù)的共享，以及Web Application應(yīng)該如何配置和部署。</p><p>　　第七步，J2EE編程 </p><p>　　以上的學(xué)習(xí)過程如果是比較順利的話，進(jìn)行到這一步，難度又陡然提高。因?yàn)樯厦娴闹R內(nèi)容都是只涉及一個方面，而像EJB，JMS，JTA等核心的J2EE規(guī)范往往是幾種Java技術(shù)的綜合運(yùn)用的結(jié)晶，所以掌握起來難度比較大。 </p><p>　　

53、首先一定要學(xué)習(xí)好JNDI，JNDI是App Server定位服務(wù)器資源（EJB組件，Datasouce，JMS）查找方法，如果對JNDI不熟悉的話，EJB，JMS這些東西幾乎學(xué)不下去。JNDI其實(shí)就是javax.naming.*這個包，運(yùn)用起來很簡單。難點(diǎn)在于服務(wù)器資源文件的配置。對于服務(wù)器資源文件的配置，就需要看看專門的文檔規(guī)范了，比如web.xml的寫法，ejb-jar.xml的寫法等等。針對每種不同的App Server，還有自己

54、的服務(wù)資源配置文件，也是需要熟悉的。</p><p>　　然后可以學(xué)習(xí)JTA，主要是要理解JTA對于事務(wù)的控制的方法，以及該在什么場合使用JTA。這里可以簡單的舉個例子，我們知道一般情況可以對于一個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接進(jìn)行事務(wù)控制(conn.setAutoCommit(false),....,conn.commit())，做為一個原子操作，但是假設(shè)我的業(yè)務(wù)需求是要把對兩個不同數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作做為一個原子操作，你能做的到嗎？這時

55、候只能用JTA了。假設(shè)操作過程是先往A數(shù)據(jù)庫插一條記錄，然后刪除B數(shù)據(jù)庫另一個記錄，我們自己寫代碼是控制不了把整個操作做為一個原子操作的。用JTA的話，由App Server來完成控制。 </p><p>　　在學(xué)習(xí)EJB之前要學(xué)習(xí)對象序列化和RMI，RMI是EJB的基礎(chǔ)。接著學(xué)習(xí)JMS和EJB，對于EJB來說，最關(guān)鍵是要理解EJB是如何通過RMI來實(shí)現(xiàn)對遠(yuǎn)端對象的調(diào)用的，以及在什么情況下要用到EJB。 <

56、/p><p>　　在學(xué)習(xí)完EJB，JMS這些東西之后，你可能會意識到要急不可待學(xué)習(xí)兩個領(lǐng)域的知識，一個是UML，另一個是Design Pattern。Java企業(yè)軟件的設(shè)計非常重視框架(Framework)的設(shè)計，一個好的軟件框架是軟件開發(fā)成功的必要條件。在這個時候，應(yīng)該開始把學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)放在設(shè)計模式和框架的學(xué)習(xí)上，通過學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)際的編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)來掌握EJB的設(shè)計模式和J2EE的核心模式。 </p><p

57、>　　J2EE規(guī)范里面，除了EJB，JMS，JTA，Servlet/JSP，JDBC之外還有很多很多的企業(yè)技術(shù)，這里不一一進(jìn)行介紹了。</p><p>　　另外還有一個最新領(lǐng)域Web Services。Web Services也完全沒有任何新東西，它像是一種黏合劑，可以把不同的服務(wù)統(tǒng)一起來提供一個統(tǒng)一的調(diào)用接口，作為使用者來說，我只要獲得服務(wù)提供者給我的WSDL（對服務(wù)的描述），就夠了，我完全不知道服務(wù)器提