外文翻譯--和關于windows模式中高速存儲技術的研究

1、<p><b>　　附錄Ⅱ</b></p><p>　　----外文翻譯部分</p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Research of High-speed Data Storage Technique in Windows Mode</p><p>　　Ab

2、stract: In the application of modern industry measure and control fields,the transient state single should be incepted to computer for storage and processing real time. With increasing design target,it becomes more and m

3、ore important to the problems in the data storage processing and the ways to solve these problems in the data storage processing and the ways to solve these problems in Windows mode.</p><p>　　Keywords: Data

4、storage; transfers speed; WinDriver; ASPI; virtual disk.</p><p>　　1 Foreword</p><p>　　With the measure instrument precision and practice demand target increasing, the data transfer speed between

5、 instrument and computer improves, and most of the data should be processing real time. Common CPU operation speed has already exceeded 1 GHz, so it is easy for the operation ability of computer to satisfy the command of

6、 industry measure and control. However, the key point is the transfer bottleneck between the instrument and host computer. If the data cannot be sent to computer in time, t</p><p>　　2Memory Management </p

7、><p>　　One of the key concepts of memory managements is the correlation between the address space (logic address) and storage and storage space (physical address). When program is running, memory management uni

8、t (MMU) executes the mapping from logic address to physical address. The logic address is added by the value in relocation register before sent to memory, and the value in relocation register is transparent to user. It i

9、s obvious that in Windows mode, memory management is used the virtual address</p><p>　　Considering of the mapping affection on data transfer speed, operation physical address directly is the best choice. The

10、 operation step is as follow : first , send the data to the buffer area (physical memory) that allotted by the management soft; second, send the data to the buffer area (logic memory) that allotted by the management soft

11、; third, send the data from logic memory to storage disks. Both physical address and logic address should be continuous. The reasons are listed as follow: first</p><p>　　In the fist step, data acquisition ca

12、rd should obtain the process of transfer data ,and the physical address must be continuous. The buffer area’s size lies on the data’s size transferred once. And in the third step, since suing ASPI interface technique (it

13、 will be explained in fourth part), the logic address should be continuous, too. If the buffer areas in first and third step can be united into one buffer area, the processing is only concluding two steps: fist, send the

14、 data to continuous buf</p><p>　　To avoid the storage operation effect on the data read, the ping-pong mode is accepted in the storage processing . The allotted buffer area is divided into two same parts. Wh

15、en the first buffer area is full of data , the system sends an interrupt signal to management soft , and transfers the data to hard disk.. The following data will data will be sent to the next buffer area. When this buff

16、er area is full of data, the system sends an inteeeupt signal to management soft, too. The precondition of</p><p>　　3. Method on Allotting</p><p>　　Continuous Buffre Area </p><p>　　

17、There are several methods on allotting continuous area in Windows mode, and two of these are compared here .</p><p>　　One is using VxD (Virtual Device Driver) to do this job. It can allot one continuous buff

18、er area and provide the head address of this buffer area to management program and mapping form this buffer area to virtual address space. In the pro gram, first hold one buffer area in the virtual address space, then tr

19、ansfer VxD with sending the head address of the virtual address space to VxD, so that VxD allot one buffer area in the physical memory and obtain the hcad address. At last, refer the physical</p><p>　　Anothe

20、r is using the function of card’s DMA operation in WinDriver: WD_DMALock. By using this function, the continuous buffer area can be obtained for DMA operation area. WinDriver is only used to drive cards, so it requires a

21、t least one card in the acquisition system. But it is common for most acquisition system than the first way, and its dependability is higher, too. Moreover, it is convenience to upgrade. So it is a good choice for indust

22、ry measure fields.</p><p>　　The buffer area is allotted by this way: setting the reasonable parameter of the function WD_DMALock to obtain the continuous physical page , and the corresponding logic address i

23、s continuous, too. The head address of first physical page is the physical memory address .The return value of puseraddr , one of the parameter of WD_DMALock, is the physical memory. In addition ,winDriver collates every

24、 acquisition card by logic mumber (from l to the maximum ,the logic number is not corresponding to ph</p><p>　　One detail should be paid much attention : one of parameter of this function must be set to “DMA

25、_KERNEL_BUFFER_ALLOC”, so that WinDriver can allot a continuous physical memory space. Moreover, the process of allotting buffer area must be placed in the initialization phase in the program, and other program should no

26、t run before the memory management soft runs. Otherwise, the process of allotting memory may be failure for the system has not enough continuous physical memory space. When the process</p><p>　　Data storage

27、buffer area 2</p><p><b>　　(1MB)</b></p><p>　　Data storage buffer area 1</p><p><b>　　(1MB)</b></p><p>　　Fig.1 Allotted Physical Memory Model</

28、p><p>　　4. Storage in Hard Disk </p><p>　　Hard disk operation has two levels: Windows and logic sector level. Accessing disk in Windows level , the operation system will do most of the job. The ope

29、ration is so simple that the Windows98/2000 operation system can call API function directly to access the disk. However, the speed of this access is too low to satisfy the data storage’s requirement. Accessing disk in lo

30、gic sector level , the soft developed by user self can operate disk directly in logic sector. This method gains higher speed </p><p>　　To improve the data storage speed , system adopts SCSI hard disk instead

31、 of IDE hard disk . In the forepart of SCSI, users develop the SCSI device’s driver. The job is very complex and often makes mistakes, and the driver’s portability is not well. ASPI (Advanced SCSI Program Interface) tech

32、nique solves this problem. Problem. ASPI is developed by Adaptec Company, and defined in most operation system, including Windows system, The process of accessing SCSI hard disk by ASPI includes four steps co</p>

33、<p>　　The concrete method about ASPI will not be explained here, which can be found in many books about SCSI. In the process of data storage, the time of searching track and sector is reduced after the disk rotate s

34、peed keeps normal. But a detail should be paid much attention. If the magnetic head is far form the sector where to write data when the first time to write data, the magnetic head will spend more time to write to seek tr

35、ick and sector. Moreover, if the disk is at dormancy state (disk rotate</p><p>　　5. Virtual Disk </p><p>　　Generally, the disk operation speed is lower than the memory operation speed of 4 to 6

36、order. So it can improve the storage speed to use memory as disk, this way is also called RAM disk. RAM disk’s device driver allows the normal disk operation, though the operation is executed in memory instead of disk. S

37、o it is transparent for the user. This way is not a good choice for the high dependability system, because it has many disadvantages such as the memory capability should be enough, the data in </p><p>　　6. P

38、ostscript</p><p>　　All the above items are the key points in high-speed data storage technique. In addition, there are some other points also as RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks), disk dispatch al

39、gorithm, etc .The affection range and the cost of the system are all different. So the choices are different. too. “Four Channels PXI Bus Preprocessing Dynamic Data Acquisition System” is design for the aero engine’s tra

40、nsient and dynamic state, wind tunnel examination. This task belongs to the subject: the res</p><p><b>　　Reference</b></p><p>　　[1]Chen xiangqun XiangYong, WangLei MaHongbing, Zhen

41、gKougen Dave Probert. Windows Operation System Principle </p><p>　　[2]CaoZiyuan. Physical Memory’s Allocation and Direct Access in Win32 Mode,Observe and Control Technique, Vol.20,No.1,Jan2001.</p>&l

42、t;p>　　[3]Brian Sawert. The Programmer’s Guide To SCSI, China Electric Power Press,2001</p><p>　　[4]Walter Oney. Programming the Microsofy Windows Driver Model, Microsoft Press,1999</p><p>　　[

43、5]ZhangHao. The Archive of PHD2000 Data Acquisition System’s Sofr, Sep, 2001</p><p>　　Author Biographies</p><p>　　Zhang Lei: work in the First Aeronaut Institute of Air Foree, instructor, gradua

44、te student of Beijing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics, engaged in data acquisition system development:</p><p>　　Xu Xing: work in Beijing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics ,School of Instr

45、umentation Science & Opto-electronics Engineering, professor, tutor of graduate student, engaged in computer measure and control technique research.</p><p><b>　　翻譯：</b></p><p>　　

46、和關于Windows模式中高速存儲技術的研究</p><p>　　摘要：在現代工業(yè)測量和技術領域的應用中，單一的短暫狀態(tài)輸入計算機存儲，并卻實時處理。隨著設計目標的增加，重要數據的存儲速度變的越來越重要。本文主要講的是數據存儲過程中的問題和在Windows模式中解決這些問題的方式。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：數據存儲 轉換速度 Windows ASPI 虛擬磁場</p>

47、<p><b>　　1 .展望</b></p><p>　　隨著測量工具的精確和實際需求目標的曾加，數據轉換速度在測量儀器和計算之間改進，并且大部分數據都可以實時處理。普通CPU的運行速度已經超過1G赫茲。對于計算機的運行能力來講，需滿足工業(yè)測量儀器和控制的要求是很容易的：然而主要的問題在于測量儀器與主機同的轉換障礙。如果數據沒有及時地傳送到計算機，那么計算機的操作能力就不能有效地

48、被運用，這個問題將按如下步驟進行探討：第一步應先確定操作系統的類別最流行的操作系統是Windows系統。因此，最重要的數據轉換技術將在Windows模式中討論。</p><p><b>　　2.存儲器管理</b></p><p>　　存儲器管理的一個主要的概念是在“位置空間”（邏輯地址）和“存儲空間”（物理地址）間的相互關系。當程序運行時，存儲器管理單元執(zhí)行從邏輯地址

49、到物理地址間的制作工作。</p><p>　　在傳到存儲器前，邏輯地址就是通過重新注冊的價值得到補充，并且重新登記的的價值對用在虛擬地址中使用，而非物理地址。所以這個程序存到的是虛擬地址而非物理地址。</p><p>　　考慮到數據轉換速度中制圖因素的影響，操作物理地址顯然是最好的選擇，操作步驟如下：第一：將數據傳到由管理軟件分配的緩沖區(qū)域（物理區(qū)域）；第二，將數據傳到由管理軟件分配的緩沖

50、區(qū)域（邏輯區(qū)域）；第三，將數據從邏輯存儲器傳送到存儲磁盤上，但是物理地址和邏輯地址是無法連續(xù)的，原因如下：第一，必須保證向上述那樣分配存儲器，并且下一步可以顯示出來；第二，相關的分配幾個緩沖區(qū)域，分配一個緩沖區(qū)域并不能將零碎的片段添加的記憶中去。第三，分配到這種緩沖區(qū)域可以預先處理此程序。</p><p>　　在第一步中，數據獲得下可以獲得數據轉換過程中，數據存儲分配區(qū)域的物理地址，并且物理地址必須是連續(xù)的。緩沖

51、區(qū)域的大小在于一次性轉換數據的長度。并在有第三步中，因為使用了ASPI界面技術（將在第四部分中介紹），邏輯地址也應是連續(xù)的，如果第一階段和第三階段的緩沖區(qū)域可以統一在一個緩沖區(qū)域，那么這個過程只包括兩步：第一，將數據傳送到連續(xù)的緩沖區(qū)域；第二，將數據傳送到數據磁盤，通過這種方式，數據轉移到存儲器系統的時間將縮短，且數據存儲速度將增加。</p><p>　　為了避免存儲操作技術影響數據只讀功能，PING-PONG模

52、式有存儲過程中被接受，分配緩沖區(qū)域被劃分為兩個相同的部分。第一個緩沖區(qū)域充滿數據，系統傳送一個中斷信號到管理軟件，并且將數據轉到硬盤上，剩下的數據被傳到下個緩沖區(qū)域，當這個緩沖區(qū)域充滿數據，系統也會向管理軟件傳送中斷信號，這個模式的前提是：數據的存儲速度應高于獲得速度。WIDEULTRA2 SCSI磁盤的轉換速度可以達到80MB/S,且數據的寬度是16位,可以滿足這個前提.</p><p>　　3.分配連續(xù)緩沖區(qū)

53、域的方式</p><p>　　在WINDOWS模式下,有多種分配連續(xù)緩沖區(qū)域的方式,這里將比較其中的兩種.</p><p>　　一種是利用VXD(虛擬裝置驅動器)來做此工作,它可以分散一些連續(xù)的緩沖區(qū)域,切給管理程序提供這個緩沖區(qū)域的首地址,為從這個緩沖區(qū)域到虛擬地址提供制圖,在此程序中,首先在虛擬地址中選擇一個緩沖區(qū)域,然后將附有首地址的虛擬地址的VXD傳送到VXD,只有這樣,VXD分散

54、一個在物理存儲器與已確定的虛擬地址聯系起來,這種方法可以在WIN32中使用,它可以直接收到一個連續(xù)的物理緩沖區(qū)域和邏輯緩沖區(qū)域.但是,這個模式的執(zhí)行比較復雜.</p><p>　　另一種是是用WinDreir中卡的DMA運行的功能:WD-DMALOCK.通過使用其功能,對DMA來說,這個連續(xù)的緩沖區(qū)域能夠獲得,這個緩沖區(qū)域可以作為數據存儲緩沖區(qū)域使用. WinDreir只是被用來驅動卡,因此,在獲得系統中要求最少

55、一張卡.但是對大多時獲得系統來講,使用數據獲得卡是很普通的一件事,這種方法較第一種來講是比較簡單的,且它的依賴性也更高,更多的是,對上層來講是簡便的,所以對工業(yè)測量是個很好的選擇.</p><p>　　緩沖區(qū)域是按此方式分散的,為了獲得一個連續(xù)的物理頁碼,設定一個合理的WD-DMALOCK功能的參數,切相應的邏輯地址也是連續(xù)的,首個物理頁碼的首地址是一個物理存儲器地址.PuserAddr的回服價值, WD-DMA

56、LOCK的一個參數,是物理存儲器的地址.另外WinDreir通過邏輯數字(從1到無窮大,邏輯數字與物理順序不是對應的)分散獲得卡,在設有運行獲得卡或這些卡的任何影響的情況下,這項功能就可運行.因此邏輯數字在此項功能中被使用設為1,且對所有的獲得卡承擔責任.</p><p>　　有一個細節(jié),我們應給予更多的關注:次功能的一個參數一定要被轉送到DMA-KERNEL-BUFFER-AUOC中.這樣, WinDreir可

57、以分散一個連續(xù)的物理記憶空間,而且分散緩沖區(qū)域的過程應放在程序初始化階段.且其它的程序不應在存儲器管理軟件運行前運行.否則,由于系統沒有足夠的連續(xù)的物理存儲空間分散存儲器過程可能會失敗.當完成此過程時,通過WD-DMALOCK的功能,分散記憶一定要釋放,這個表格展示了通過PING-PONG模式(每個緩沖區(qū)域的大小是1MB)分散物理存儲器的模型.</p><p>　　Data storage buffer area

58、 2</p><p><b>　　(1MB)</b></p><p>　　Data storage buffer area 1</p><p><b>　　(1MB)</b></p><p>　　Fig.1 Allotted Physical Memory Model</p><

59、p><b>　　4.硬盤存儲</b></p><p>　　硬盤操作有兩個層次:WINSOWS和邏輯階段水平.在WINDOWS模式的存儲磁盤,運行系統會做大部分工作.如此簡單的操作,比較于WINDOWS98/2000操作系統可以稱為可以直接進入磁盤的API功能,然而,進入的速度太低以至于不能滿足數據存儲的需要,在邏輯階段的存儲磁盤.在沒有使用操作系統中的文件系統的情況下,這種方式存儲磁盤

60、的速度需比WINDOWS模式更高.如果數據被存儲在連續(xù)的邏輯階段.存儲數據的速度會更高.因此,相比在WINDOWS模式下,在邏輯階段且連續(xù)的情況下,存儲磁盤會更好.</p><p>　　為了提高數據存儲速度,系統采用SCSI磁盤取代IDE硬盤.在SCSI前期,用戶自己改進了SCSI驅動器.此工作很復雜且容易出錯,驅動器也不便捷.ASPI(先進的SCSI程序界面)技術解決了此問題.ASPI是由AOLOPTEC公司改

61、進的,并且愛大多數的操作系統中給予解釋.包括WINDOWS系統.通過ASPI存儲SCSI磁盤的過程一般分為四步,構建存儲磁盤要求;將要求轉送給ASPI管理者;等待執(zhí)行要求;解釋由ASPI管理者反饋回來的錯誤信號.</p><p>　　關于ASPI的具體方法這里將不做介紹,它可以在很多有關SCSI的書中找到.在數據存儲過程中,在磁盤速度轉換正常后,搜索階段的時間被減少,但是一個細節(jié)我們應更加注意.如果磁頭處于何時讀

62、寫數據何處讀寫階段,那么磁頭就需要花費更多的時間去尋找技巧和狀態(tài)階段.此外,如果磁盤處于非激活狀態(tài)(磁盤旋轉速度為0),那么磁盤從非激活狀態(tài)到運行狀態(tài)將消耗大量時間.而且,數據從獲得下到分散緩沖區(qū)域的轉化速度需保持一致.這些情況可能發(fā)生在一些數據丟失的情況下,因為數據的存儲速度要比數據從獲得卡到存儲器中的的轉換速度一定要保持運行狀態(tài).當數據存儲數據過程開始時,每個磁頭都應轉移到cylinoler,數據將被傳送那,通過軟件操作磁盤磁頭比較

63、困難,并且這種方法將傷害磁盤.所以應該尋找一個更好的方法,而不是直接的轉換磁頭,一個有效的方法就是在數據轉移到存儲器的這個階段讀取數據,然后在同寫到階段狀態(tài)中.通過這種方式磁頭可以轉移到cylinoler中,并保持運行狀態(tài).</p><p><b>　　5.虛擬吸盤</b></p><p>　　一般地磁盤的操作速度要比存儲器操作速度低一4-6個指令,因此我們可以通過改

64、變存儲速度來像使用磁盤一樣使用存儲器.這種方式也被稱做RAM磁盤.RAM磁盤的裝置的驅動器允許普通磁盤的操作,盡管操作技術是在存儲器中執(zhí)行而非磁盤中,所以,對用戶來說它是透明的.這種方式對高依賴性的系統來說并不是一個恰當的選擇,因為它有許多諸如存儲器容量應該足夠大的缺點,如果系統或電源遇到了一些意外,虛擬磁盤中的數據就會丟失.</p><p><b>　　6.附筆</b></p>

65、<p>　　所有的以上陳述在高速數據存儲技術中都是關鍵,此外,有很多可以影響數據存儲速度的其他因素.如RAID(廉價的磁盤的多余信息),磁盤信息算法等.所有因素的影響力都不同,因為運用程度和系統的成本都不同,所以選擇也不同.“四種渠道PXI汽車平行能量數據獲得系統”是因為飛行引擎的短暫停留.能量狀態(tài)和風向檢測而設計的,這個任務屬于此項目:飛行自動測量和檢測搜索技術,在系統軟件的發(fā)展過程中,數據存儲技術已經提供了強有力的支持