外文翻譯--基于ssh的web技術(shù)介紹

1、<p><b>　　中文3330字</b></p><p><b>　　2200單詞</b></p><p>　　基于SSH的web技術(shù)介紹</p><p><b>　　1、引言 </b></p><p>　　隨著Java技術(shù)的逐漸成熟與完善，作為建立企業(yè)級(jí)應(yīng)用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2、平臺(tái)，J2EE平臺(tái)得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。借助于J2EE規(guī)范中包含的多項(xiàng)技術(shù)：Enterprise JavaBean(EJB)、Java Servlets(Servlet)、Java Server Pages(JSP)、Java Message Service(JMS)等，開(kāi)發(fā)出了許多應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。但是，在傳統(tǒng)J2EE應(yīng)用的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中也出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題：</p><p>　　1）數(shù)據(jù)模型和邏輯模型之間的矛盾。目前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

3、基本上都是關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，而Java本質(zhì)上是一種面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z(yǔ)言，對(duì)象在存儲(chǔ)和讀取時(shí)使用SQL和JDBC進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作，降低了編程的效率以及系統(tǒng)的可維護(hù)性。</p><p>　　2）傳統(tǒng)的J2EE應(yīng)用多采用基于EJB的重量級(jí)框架，這種框架適合于開(kāi)發(fā)大型企業(yè)應(yīng)用，但是使用EJB容器進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)和調(diào)試需要耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間。為了降低代碼的耦合性，提高系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)效率，本文提出了一種基于Struts框架、Spring框架和Hibern

4、ate框架的J2EE應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)策略。 </p><p>　　2、用Struts實(shí)現(xiàn)MVC架構(gòu)</p><p>　　MVC（Model-View-Controller）由Trygve Reenskaug提出，首先被應(yīng)用在SmallTalk-80環(huán)境中，是許多交互和界面系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)界面設(shè)計(jì)可變性的需求，MVC把交互系統(tǒng)的組成分解成模型、視圖、控制器三部分。 模型（Model）是軟件所處理

5、問(wèn)題邏輯在獨(dú)立于外在顯示內(nèi)容和形式情況下的內(nèi)在抽象，封裝了問(wèn)題的核心數(shù)據(jù)、邏輯和功能的計(jì)算關(guān)系，獨(dú)立于具體的界面表達(dá)和I/O操作。視圖（View）把表示模型數(shù)據(jù)及邏輯關(guān)系和狀態(tài)的信息及特定形式展示給用戶(hù)。它從模型獲得顯示信息，對(duì)于相同的信息可以有多個(gè)不同的顯示形式或視圖?？刂破鳎–ontroller）是處理用戶(hù)與軟件的交互操作的，其職責(zé)是控制提供模型中任何變化的傳播，確保用戶(hù)界面于模型間的對(duì)應(yīng)聯(lián)系；它接受用戶(hù)的輸入，將輸入反饋給模型，進(jìn)

6、而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)模型的計(jì)算控制，是使模型和視圖協(xié)調(diào)工作的部件。通常一個(gè)視圖對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)控制器。模型、視圖與控制器的分離，使得一個(gè)模型可以具有多個(gè)顯示視圖。如果用戶(hù)通過(guò)某個(gè)視圖的控制器改變了模型的數(shù)據(jù)，所有其它依賴(lài)于這些數(shù)據(jù)的視圖都應(yīng)反映到這些變化。因此，無(wú)論何時(shí)發(fā)生了何種數(shù)據(jù)變化，控制器都會(huì)</p><p>　　Struts框架最早是作為Apache Jakarta項(xiàng)目的組成部分問(wèn)世運(yùn)做，它繼承了MVC的各項(xiàng)特性，并根據(jù)J2

7、EE的特點(diǎn)，做了相應(yīng)的變化與擴(kuò)展。Struts框架很好的結(jié)合了Jsp，Java Servlet，Java Bean，Taglib等技術(shù)。在Struts中，承擔(dān)MVC中控制器角色的是ActionServlet。ActionServlet是一個(gè)通用的控制組件。這個(gè)控制組件提供了處理所有發(fā)送到Struts的HTTP請(qǐng)求的入口點(diǎn)。它截取和 分發(fā)這些請(qǐng)求到相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作類(lèi)（這些動(dòng)作類(lèi)都是Action類(lèi)的子類(lèi)）。另外控制組件也負(fù)責(zé)用相應(yīng)的請(qǐng)求參數(shù)填充A

8、ction Form（FromBean），并傳給動(dòng)作類(lèi)（ActionBean）。動(dòng)作類(lèi)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)核心商業(yè)邏輯，即訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Java Bean或調(diào)用EJB。最后動(dòng)作類(lèi)把控制權(quán)傳給后續(xù)的JSP文件，由JSP文件生成視圖。所有這些控制邏輯利用Struts-config.xml文件來(lái)配置。在Struts框架中，視圖主要由JSP生成頁(yè)面完成，Struts提供豐富的JSP標(biāo)簽庫(kù)，這有利于分開(kāi)表現(xiàn)邏輯和程序邏輯。模型以一個(gè)或多個(gè)Java Bean的形式存在。在S

9、tru</p><p>　　3、Spring 應(yīng)用構(gòu)架 </p><p>　　Spring明顯區(qū)別于其他輕量級(jí)application framework, 它將專(zhuān)注于web的支持，與struts 和 webwork有著明顯的區(qū)別。在和struts 和 webwork的對(duì)比上,Spring是一個(gè)服務(wù)于所有層面的application framework:提供了bean的配置基礎(chǔ)，AOP的支持

10、，JDBC的提取框架，抽象事務(wù)支持，等等。它有一個(gè)非常顯著的特點(diǎn)：在某個(gè)層面上如果你不需要Spring的支持，你就可以不使用String的class，只使用它的某一部分的功能。 從它的設(shè)計(jì)理念，你可以看到String 幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)了真正的邏輯層和web層的分離：例如。一個(gè)校驗(yàn)應(yīng)用將不用依靠controllers，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣的目標(biāo)是 更好的重用和易測(cè)：過(guò)分依靠不必要的容器和框架將不能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。</p><p>

11、;　　當(dāng)然,Spring 的自己的web支持和通?？蚣苣Ｊ降募?xì)致完整.然而，Spring替換struts,webwork或者其他的web方案非常的容易.對(duì)于Spring的web支持或者不同的地方，Spring 允許你在web容器里面建立一個(gè)中間層，在測(cè)試環(huán)境或者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立的應(yīng)用里面來(lái)設(shè)置重用你的商務(wù)邏輯.還有在J2EE環(huán)境里面，你的商務(wù)邏輯不必依靠容器提供的服務(wù)，像JTA ,EJB的支持.良好的構(gòu)架的web應(yīng)用可以運(yùn)行在任何容器上，如，T

12、omcat 或者 Resin. 值得注意的是，Spring 不是和已經(jīng)存在的解決方案進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng). 我們鼓勵(lì)結(jié)合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)，如， Servlet, JSP, JTA, JNDI, JDBC, and JDO, 和非常匹配的工具，如，Hibernate, Velocity, Log4J, and Caucho's Hessian/Burlap.這個(gè)框架的的設(shè)計(jì)思想是在你的應(yīng)用需要改良的時(shí)候，你將會(huì)做一些技術(shù)的選擇:例如,如果你需要分布

13、式事務(wù)處理，你可能需要用Spring的Jta TransactionManager 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)JTA服務(wù).或者，用DataSourceTr</p><p>　　4、Spring web 框架的設(shè)計(jì)思想</p><p>　　Spring 框架通過(guò)配置操作mappings,展示resolution,本地化和模版集成圍繞著分派請(qǐng)求操作的servlet - DispatcherServlet設(shè)計(jì)的.缺

14、省的操作是一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的控制接口, 他只提供了ModelAndView handleRequest(request,response)方法.這將用于一個(gè)應(yīng)用的控制,但是,如果你想包含多個(gè)層次的控制，AbstractController, AbstractCommandController, MultiActionController, SimpleFormController, AbstractWizardFormController

15、將幫助你完成.應(yīng)用控制將代表那些子系統(tǒng).注意，你可以選擇一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)幕?lèi):如果你沒(méi)有 web form,你就不必用FormController.這就是和Struts最大的不同. 你可以通過(guò)命令或者form對(duì)象來(lái)操作任何對(duì)象:這不需要接口工具或者一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)的驅(qū)動(dòng).Spring的數(shù)據(jù)邦定是非常的靈活的.舉例來(lái)說(shuō),它描述了具有在應(yīng)用范圍內(nèi)的校驗(yàn)錯(cuò)誤的輸入機(jī)制,但不是系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤.所以在你的for</p><p>　　5、Hi

16、bernate應(yīng)用框架</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)持久層及Hibernate Hibernate是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)持久層框架，是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象和關(guān)系之間映射（O/R Mapping）的工具，它對(duì)JDBC進(jìn)行了輕量級(jí)的對(duì)象封裝，使程序員可以使用對(duì)象編程思想來(lái)操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。它不僅提供了從Java類(lèi)到數(shù)據(jù)表的映射，也提供了數(shù)據(jù)查詢(xún)和恢復(fù)機(jī)制。相對(duì)于使用JDBC和SQL來(lái)操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，使用Hibernate能大大的提高實(shí)現(xiàn)的效率。Hib

17、ernate框架用配置文件的形式來(lái)定義Java對(duì)象和數(shù)據(jù)表之間的映射關(guān)系，同時(shí)在更深的層面將數(shù)據(jù)表之間的關(guān)系解釋為Java對(duì)象之間的繼承及包含等關(guān)系。通過(guò)使用HQL語(yǔ)句將復(fù)雜的關(guān)系算法用對(duì)象的方式描述，在很大程度上簡(jiǎn)化了對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的查詢(xún)，加快了開(kāi)發(fā)的效率。在Hibernate中有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而直觀(guān)的API，用于對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)所表示的對(duì)象執(zhí)行查詢(xún)。要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建或修改這些對(duì)象，只需在程序中與它們進(jìn)行交互，然后告訴Hibernate保存即可。這樣，大量封裝持久化

18、操作的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯不再需要編寫(xiě)煩瑣的JDBC語(yǔ)句，從而使數(shù)據(jù)持久層得到了極大的簡(jiǎn)化。 </p><p>　　6、運(yùn)用Hibernate和Struts開(kāi)發(fā)J2EE應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　以在J2EE應(yīng)用中非常普遍的用戶(hù)登錄過(guò)程為例，來(lái)說(shuō)明上述體系結(jié)構(gòu)是如何具體運(yùn)用的。登錄的流程非常清晰：用戶(hù)從登錄頁(yè)面login.jsp輸入登錄信息，系統(tǒng)對(duì)登錄信息進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，如果正確則成功登錄，否則提示相應(yīng)錯(cuò)誤

19、信息。 在開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，使用Eclipse做為開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，同時(shí)加載了對(duì)Struts及Hibernate提供更好的控制和支持的第三方插件MyEclipse，Web服務(wù)器使用Tomcat，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)選用了Mysql。 首先對(duì)Hibernate進(jìn)行配置，只需要對(duì)系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)生成的hibernate.cfg.xml進(jìn)行修改，配置好數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的各種參數(shù)以及定義數(shù)據(jù)映射文件。由于Hibernate所帶的連接池主要用于測(cè)試，性能不是很好，可以通過(guò)JNDI將其修改

20、為使用Tomcat的連接池。</p><p><b>　　7、小結(jié)</b></p><p>　　在本文中，我們介紹了Struts應(yīng)用框架。并介紹了一些基本知識(shí)，關(guān)于Spring,以及Hibernate。我們也說(shuō)明了如何運(yùn)用Hibernate和Struts開(kāi)發(fā)J2EE，以及它如何用來(lái)將servlets和JSP 在結(jié)合在同一個(gè)應(yīng)用之中?，F(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)有關(guān)于Strtus Web

21、應(yīng)用程序模樣的初步印象，以后我們將更深入的討論Strtuts框架的理論和具體實(shí)踐。</p><p>　　SSH based on Web Technology</p><p>　　1、Introduction</p><p>　　One preface along with the Java technique of gradual mature and perfe

22、ct, Be establishment business enterprise class application of standard terrace, the J2 EE terrace got substantial of development .Several technique asked for help from to include in the J2 EE norm : Enterprise JavaBean (

23、EJB), Java Servlets (Servlet), Java Server Pages(JSP), Java Message Service(JMS)...etc., development many application system.But, also appeared some problem in the tradition J2 the EE the application of the deve</p>

24、;<p>　　1)the antinomy of of data model and logic model. Currently the database of usage basically and all is relation type database, but the Java be essentially a kind of the language which face to object, object

25、at saving with read usage SQL and JDBC carry on a database operation and lowered plait distance of efficiency and system of can maintenance;</p><p>　　2)tradition of J2 EE application much the adoption is acc

26、ording to the EJB heavy weight frame, this kind of frame suitable for develop a large business enterprise application, but usage the EJB container carry on development and adjust to try to need to be waste a great deal o

27、f time.For lowering the Ou of code to match sex, exaltation system of development efficiency, this text put forward 1 kind EE according to the J2 of the Struts frame and Spring frame and the Hibernate frame application d

28、eve</p><p>　　2、Use the Struts realization MVC structure</p><p>　　use the Struts realization MVC structure MVC(Model-View-Controller) is put forward by the Trygve Reenskaug, first drive applicati

29、on in the environment SmallTalk-80, is many to hand over with each other with interface system of constitute foundation. According to the need of variable of the interface design, MVC hand over with each other constitute

30、 of system to resolve into model and see diagram, controller three part. Model(Model) is software processing problem logic at independence in outside m</p><p>　　The Struts frame is to be the item of Apache J

31、akarta to constitute part to publish luck to do at the earliest stage, it inherited MVC of each item characteristic, and did according to the characteristics of J2 EE correspond of variety with expand. The Struts frame w

32、as good to combine Jsp , Java Servlet , Java Bean, Talia etc. technique. In the Struts, what to undertake the controller role in the MVC be an ActionServlet. The ActionServlet is an in general use control module. This co

33、ntrol module p</p><p>　　3、Spring the Application Framework </p><p>　　Spring isn't particularly a web framework but a generic lightweight application framework with dedicated web support, and

34、 show the architectural differences to Struts and WebWork .In contrast to Struts or WebWork, Spring is an application framework for all layers: It offers a bean configuration foundation, AOP support, a JDBC abstraction f

35、ramework, abstract transaction support, etc. It is a very non-intrusive effort: Your application classes do not need to depend on any Spring classes if not nec</p><p>　　Of course, Spring's own web suppor

36、t is nicely integrated with the framework's general patterns. Nevertheless, replacing the web solution with Struts, WebWork, or the like is easy. Both with Spring's web support or a different one, Spring allows f

37、or building a true dedicated middle tier in the web container, with the option to reuse exactly the same business logic in test environments or standalone applications. And within J2EE, your business logic will not unnec

38、essarily depend on container servi</p><p>　　4、The Design of Spring's Web Framework </p><p>　　Spring's web framework is designed around a DispatcherServlet that dispatches requests to han

39、dlers, with configurable handler mappings, view resolution, and locale and theme resolution. The default handler is a very simple Controller interface, just offering a "ModelAndView handleRequest(request,response)&q

40、uot; method. This can already be used for application controllers, but you will prefer the included implementation hierarchy, consisting of AbstractController, AbstractCommandController, MultiActio</p><p>　　

41、You can take any object as command or form object: There's no need to implement an interface or derive from a base class. Spring's data binding is highly flexible, e.g. it treats type mismatches as validation err

42、ors that can be evaluated by the application, not as system errors. So you don't need to duplicate your business objects' properties as Strings in your form objects, just to be able to handle invalid submissions,

43、 or to convert the Strings properly. Instead, it's often preferable to bind </p><p>　　5、Hibernate the Application Framework</p><p>　　Data's holding out for long time layer and Hibernate

44、is one piece according to hold out for long time layer frame, is a kind of realization object and relation of the tool which reflect to shoot(O/R Mapping), it carried on the object of the lightweight to pack to the JDBC

45、and make procedure member can usage object plait distance thought to operation database. It not only provided to shoot from Java to reflect of data form, but also provided a data a search and instauration mechanism. Oppo

46、site in</p><p>　　6、Use Hibernate and Struts to develop J2EE application</p><p>　　Development practice underneath combine a development practice, with in the J2 the EE the application very widesp

47、read customer register process for example, elucidation above-mentioned system structure is how concrete usage. The process of register is very clear: Customer from register page login.jsp importation register informatio

48、n, system to register the information carry on verification, if exactitude success register, otherwise hint correspond mistake information. In the development process,</p><p><b>　　7、Summary</b>&l

49、t;/p><p>　　In this paper, we introduced the Struts application framework. And introduces some basic knowledge about Spring and Hibernate,. We also show how to use Hibernate and Struts development J2EE, and how

50、it used to be servlets and JSP in combination in the same application. Now that you have a taste of the Strtus Web application, after that we will dig deeper into the theory and practice behind the Struts architecture.&l