外文翻譯--炮射巡邏彈發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及研究方向 英文版

1、<p>　　JOURNAL OF CHINA ORDANCE SOCIETY</p><p>　　Article ID:1673－002X(2005)01－0122－07</p><p>　　Artillery ammunition patrol trends and research directions</p><p>　　ZHU Yong(朱　勇),

2、LIU Li(劉　莉)</p><p>　　Abstract：The use of various types of army artillery and naval guns of the artillery as a launch platform for patrol and ammunition, introduced the history and development of their develo

3、pment status, summed up in the continuous application of mature technologies related to the pursuit of intelligent, smart, and low cost has been artillery and ammunition to become the development trend of patrol. In addi

4、tion, a brief introduction of artillery ammunition design patrolling some of the key areas of </p><p>　　Keywords: artillery shells patrols key technologies trends reviews</p><p>　　Introductio

5、n：</p><p>　　Ammunition is to patrol the use of existing weapons and delivery, to conduct patrols in target areas of flight, can afford surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, airborne radio r

6、elay and target a single or a number of tasks, such as ammunition (or sub-munitions). Patrol artillery ammunition is compatible with all types of current Army artillery and naval gun systems, way of using artillery attac

7、ks launched munitions patrol.</p><p>　　Artillery ammunition is a collection of routine patrol guided artillery shells and a UAV related technology products, has many advantages, compared with conventional am

8、munition, it more of a "ballistic patrol" blank time, the role range, can be found and hidden the attack time-sensitive targets; compared with the UAV, it can quickly enter the combat area, penetration ability,

9、 and tactical flexibility; compared with guided bombs, which according to the battlefield situation changes, autonomous or</p><p>　　1 Development history and current situation</p><p>　　The Unit

10、ed States is one of the first countries to develop missile patrol, the developed LOCAAS (Low Cost Autonomous Attack System, low-cost autonomous attack system) and the network of fire systems LAM (Loiter AttackMissile, pa

11、trol missile attack) can be said to be on patrol on behalf of ammunition. The United States is also compatible with the first patrol of ammunition and artillery guns fired into the State system, followed by the emergence

12、 of a world study of artillery ammunition wave patro</p><p>　　FASM is the U.S. Navy in fiscal year 1999 started to develop the 127 mm guns fired from the patrol ammunition. Reconnaissance of artillery ammuni

13、tion was defense program, including financial support for FASM and Quicklook two projects to the end of 2002. FASM diameter of 127 mm, length 2.8 m, weight of 73 kg. To the range of 185 km far from the coast and sea surv

14、eillance, reconnaissance and battlefield assessment Loitering about 3 h [1].</p><p>　　Quicklook is the U.S. Army in fiscal year 1999 started to develop a kind of its own motion or by 155mm towed howitzers an

15、d ammunition to launch their patrols. Its diameter of 155 mm, length 99cm, weight of 36 kg ~ 41 kg. When the artillery shells fired ballistic flight to the highest point down to a height of 1 000 m, the speed of Ma = 0.8

16、5, by spinning on their balloon by parachute device to slow down to 60 m / s; and then started to control the tail, Inflatable wings and the propeller to start</p><p>　　WASP is a U.S. Army weapons research a

17、nd development center (ARDEC) to track the development in 2000, the M483-style 155 mm ammunition to carry put a bomb on patrol. Length of 0.50 m, a wingspan of 1.22 m, weight of 3.9 kg. This cluster may be land-based fir

18、ing howitzers or guns, the initial speed of 762 m / s ~ 975 m / s. When the projectile trajectory, after the highest point, the use of shell explosions ripped apart, inflatable balloons launched its speed to 60 m / s. Dr

19、opped to a certain hei</p><p>　　Aviation environment GLUAV the United States with the U.S. Army and the Joint Defense Laboratories (United Defense) jointly developed in 2001 a patrol artillery ammunition. It

20、 can be manufactured into a diameter of 81 mm ~ 155 mm patrol bombs, artillery shells into the corresponding mainly used for reconnaissance, target detection, target identification and battle damage assessment (BDA). It

21、can carry color television camera, thermal imager, biochemical warfare agent detection sensors, but also </p><p>　　Besides the U.S., Russia, Israel, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France and other devel

22、oped countries also joined the ranks to patrol the development of ammunition, just ammunition for artillery patrol, the current model to see the relevant reports is relatively small.</p><p>　　2 Development

23、Trend</p><p>　　Artillery and ammunition from the patrol's history and current status of development can be seen, it is a kind of information-based product of war. Only when the army's request for inf

24、ormation to the more important than ever today, there will be patrols of ammunition, and artillery as a repressive force, patrolling its development of the corresponding ammunition is essential. In the guided artillery s

25、hells, unmanned aerial vehicles, sensors, such as the progressive development and improvement of</p><p>　　The so-called intelligence, referring to their own artillery ammunition patrol operations to complete

26、 multiple tasks, both targets of the battlefield reconnaissance, surveillance, but also the completion of battlefield damage assessment operations. From the development of artillery ammunition patrol the status quo can b

27、e seen that the function of artillery ammunition patrols mainly reconnaissance, surveillance, and assessment tasks. Patrol in the use of ammunition have been taken after the end o</p><p>　　The so-called smar

28、t, and refers to the patrol artillery guns and ammunition to match a variety of delivery systems. The development of artillery ammunition patrol did not change in the existing artillery fired based on the platform, from

29、the artillery and ammunition Research patrols can be seen that the requirements of its current artillery systems compatible at the same time, but also hope that it is able to meet Some variety of artillery systems, this

30、can greatly reduce the use of artillery am</p><p>　　Of the so-called low-cost means to patrol the emergence of ammunition, in a sense, because it is both conventional weapons and reconnaissance UAV's abi

31、lity to reduce the development of weapons systems and the use of the cost, but nevertheless, and now countries in the development of artillery radio patrol the course of ammunition are to seek the use of a variety of new

32、 low-cost materials. Information from existing reports can be summed up to reduce the cost of artillery ammunition, patrol the ma</p><p>　　3 The Key Technologies</p><p>　　Patrol artillery ammu

33、nition is based on guidance technology, aerodynamics, flight dynamics, engine technology, photoelectric technology, mechanical manufacturing engineering, artillery firing technology, stealth technology, as well as slow d

34、own the recovery of a technically integrated engineering, involved in the area of Canton, key technologies, and this article only briefly artillery ammunition patrol the area of research in the design of a number of key

35、technologies.</p><p>　　1) the overall multi-disciplinary design optimization techniques</p><p>　　Ammunition as a result of patrols be considered in the design of body shape structural optimizati

36、on design, the module body optimize the matching function, quality and fuel payload to achieve the best ratio, aerodynamics and stealth properties of a range of issues, so this is a between the many disciplines involved

37、in the optimal design. Cross-coupling between the disciplines and the impact of the decision of the patrol ammunition is designed to be a problem of complex systems science.</p><p>　　At present, an increasin

38、g number of foreign scientific and technical personnel will be multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) technology in aircraft design, multidisciplinary design optimization technology in the provision of variables, c

39、onstraints, interaction and coupling between performance on the basis of information at the same time various disciplines and systems to meet the requirements of binding with a variety of design options for the rapid ana

40、lysis of the ability, but also can s</p><p>　　2) The small-scale low-thrust engine when Changhang</p><p>　　Patrol of the main tasks of ammunition in the enemy's positions on cruise flight,

41、the reconnaissance of the positions of targets to monitor and combat, which requires it to have a long voyage to provide the engine of small thrust. Used at home and abroad is the main piston gasoline engine and lithium

42、electric motors, miniature turbojet engine, turbofan engine and pulse engine is hot, it is bound to become a next-generation engines to patrol the mainstream ammunition.</p><p>　　Patrol as a result of artill

43、ery ammunition, artillery ballistic initial paragraph is the use of artillery will be in a short period of time to the required range, and then only into their own paragraph Loitering flight. Loitering paragraph into the

44、 cruise to start the engine after the engine air from the engine to start the design process as a special consideration the needs of the key issues.</p><p>　　3) track the planning, coordination combat format

45、ions</p><p>　　In the previous mentioned trends, patrol ammunition intelligent design is moving in the direction of development, which requires it to fly round the track planning; At the same time able to do

46、more than patrol to communicate with each other between rounds to ensure that work together to avoid duplication of reconnaissance and attack. Ammunition were also required to patrol their own situation based on real-tim

47、e battlefield planning, to avoid the threat effectively, and enhance the viability of p</p><p>　　4) long-range two-way data link interference information</p><p>　　Artillery ammunition patrol a r

48、ange of up to several tens of kilometers, while the body length of about 1 m in general, the information transmission device for a very high demands. In order to obtain long-range, high data rate, high-quality communicat

49、ions, the need for high-power transmitter of the data, the use of image compression technology to reduce the bandwidth requirements, it is necessary to signal processing in the encryption process for the implementation o

50、f secure communication. At th</p><p>　　Key technology for more than four ammunition of all patrols in the development process have to face, and the ammunition for artillery patrol, it addition to the above-m

51、entioned four key technologies in addition to its own particularity.</p><p>　　5) higher than the set of anti-technology</p><p>　　Patrol-guided munitions on the control of components, engines, wi

52、ngs folded devices, surveillance equipment to anti-fired artillery shells at the time of living higher than the set is a key technology. At present, generally plastic shells fixed on electronic devices and machinery, suc

53、h as through a number of sleeve device component will focus on the transfer of load in order to address the issue of anti-overload. In recent years the rapid development of MEMS technology, not only low-cost, small </

54、p><p>　　6) wings Manufacturing Technology</p><p>　　In order to reduce the quality of materials are generally used wings composite materials, which is the manufacture of wings made of the new techno

55、logical requirements. At the same time, in order to be able to launch platform compatible shells, from the current data can be seen patrolling artillery ammunition is generally used folding wings, inflate and shrink tech

56、nology. Wings folded institutions, agencies and contraction inflatable design agencies as well as the strength of the new wings and ot</p><p>　　In addition, due to the folding, inflatable and contraction, et

57、c., in the arrangement on the wings of the aileron problem. At present, patrol artillery ammunition began to consider the use of composite materials, such as memory alloy material, the use of warping wings to control the

58、 design of the control system has also brought new challenges.</p><p>　　7) by rotating ballistic deceleration technology</p><p>　　It is precisely because the use of artillery systems as a launch

59、ing platform, the patrol will give ammunition to provide a high muzzle velocity, making patrols of ammunition in a short period of time to reach distant ranges, and ammunition for the patrol to provide rapid access to th

60、e region to ensure the combat. However, flying patrol rounds of ammunition in order to facilitate the process of reconnaissance, speed is very low, so artillery ammunition patrol faced with a problem of ballistic dec<

61、/p><p>　　In addition, in order to ensure the stability of projectile, rotation and stability are generally taken, if the artillery projectile by spinning quickly, it must be carried out for the stability of the

62、 tail, this is bound to increase the resistance to projectiles, the range ballistic missile is far less than the rotation, so In order to increase the range of artillery shells on patrol, usually in the preceding ballist

63、ic trajectory using high-speed rotation, and the paragraph before flying into t</p><p>　　At present, foreign patrols for artillery ammunition is generally slow down the use of ballistic parachute or inflatab

64、le balloon, such as institutions, for artillery ammunition ballistics patrols are generally used by rotating the tail or the stability of institutions such as inflatable airbags.</p><p>　　Artillery ammunitio

65、n ballistics patrol in the design process must be fully taken into account, such as parachutes and inflatable balloon of the aerodynamic characteristics of their research accordingly.</p><p>　　4 Conclusions

66、</p><p>　　This paper describes the development of artillery ammunition, patrol history, summed up patrols artillery ammunition development trends, and gave a briefing on the overall design artillery ammuniti

67、on patrol some of the key areas of research technology. On these issues in-depth study will be beneficial to artillery ammunition, the further development of patrol.</p><p>　　References</p><p>　

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71、Spea-ring, GregoryA Kirkos·Designof a high-g unmanned aerial ve-hicle structure·AIAA-2000-01-5538</p><p>　　[7]　David Cadogan, W illiam Gra-ham, Tim Smith·Inflatable andrigidizable wings for un