外文資料翻譯--單片機的休眠運算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善

1、<p><b>　　淮 陰 工 學(xué) 院</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　單片機的休眠運算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>　　

2、介紹了一種通過運算復(fù)位來改善抗干擾能力的重復(fù)使用的單片機，分析其適用范圍，提供和分析其所使用的電路，結(jié)合實例分析在某些運行方式下的軟硬件設(shè)計。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：單片機復(fù)位，休眠，反干擾</p><p><b>　　前言：</b></p><p>　　隨著微電子技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，單片機性能也得到迅速提高。智能維護邏輯控制電路取代了以往的測

3、量電路的數(shù)字邏輯控制電路，并將其發(fā)展。這種操作被擴展到更大的范圍，并得到廣泛使用。因為它有系統(tǒng)的停頓，所以運行程序有致命缺陷在許多重要場合受到限制。很多反干擾技術(shù)（例如有軟件隔欄；將硬件的接口放入狗的電路中等等）可以使這一問題的到很好的解決，但仍然存在著問題：① 連接狗的電路運行時好時壞，這是在某些場合是不允許的。②程序時常出現(xiàn)很多電路錯誤，僅僅是狗的連接環(huán)節(jié)也會時常出現(xiàn)無法識別的錯誤。③在測量和控制周期之間的時間長時，單片機要花費大量

4、時間等待周邊其他硬件，在運算處理等待命令時它將會受到太多的干擾，對于這些情況，在實踐中我們己經(jīng)嘗試過主動復(fù)位的方法，釆用后續(xù)脈沖外界條件觸發(fā)單片機工作。在每次復(fù)位后單片機將進行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行命令后立即進入休眠，為下次復(fù)位做好準(zhǔn)備，用此種方法很好的解決了上述的問題，在農(nóng)業(yè)電壓互感器綜合保護裝置實驗中得到很好的效果。現(xiàn)在用51系列單片機作為一個例子，并具體探討高電平復(fù)位的原理和實施方法。</p><p><b

5、>　　1原理和實施方法</b></p><p>　　1.1無條件定期復(fù)位</p><p>　　使用定時器，專用時鐘芯片或其它脈沖發(fā)生器在某一部分定期產(chǎn)生復(fù)位信號。這種方法尤其適合于測量儀器。在這種運行中，模擬量通過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器后并將其存入顯示。這當(dāng)然是非常快的，但在穩(wěn)定的運行中，數(shù)據(jù)每秒只有1-2倍的提高，在大量的時間內(nèi)CPU是用來等待讓CPU的工作并工作后進入休眠，復(fù)位

6、和外界條件觸發(fā)CPU執(zhí)行下次指令，這就是復(fù)位，這樣才能使抗干擾能力大大加強。其有兩個主要內(nèi)容：①在休眠（程序停止運行）時可以出現(xiàn)CPU機指示無序的程序。工作時間與休眠時間比例為1：9，那就是說1秒內(nèi)有0.1秒時間是用于測量，傳送，顯示，有0.9秒時間是休眠。這概率也就是說一個程序在全速運行時間只有十分之一的干涉時間，整個抗干擾能力提高十倍。②因為是每秒的復(fù)位，一旦無條件或目前的工作運行停止，下一個周期一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)恢復(fù)復(fù)位。至于唯一的數(shù)據(jù)

7、顯示，雖然有些讀入數(shù)據(jù)在1秒內(nèi)出現(xiàn)錯誤但對下次測量沒有影響或可以承受的都屬于可忽略的錯誤。這種復(fù)位的好處是狗的電路在定期控制著。首先，改工作到休眠狀態(tài)的時間，并有可能干預(yù)，二是可以避免發(fā)生該看狗門電路的控制導(dǎo)致接口連接不暢。</p><p>　　1.2外部條件復(fù)位法</p><p>　　部分進入是由外界控制的，舉例來說，加熱升溫供暖的旋轉(zhuǎn)脈沖產(chǎn)生，并計算有熱水車輪產(chǎn)生的熱量，沒有熱水流量也

8、沒有熱出口量時中央處理器只需要在事實上使用的數(shù)值，也不用計數(shù)。可以想象熱水車輪轉(zhuǎn)動時保持溫度，CPU空閑，它可能會有高溫情況，如果讓其有休眠情況，并衡量水車脈沖不間斷，其反干擾能力可以得到大大的加強。所以，只要把復(fù)位的脈沖水車輪和CPU連接其來，水車輪每轉(zhuǎn)一圈CPU復(fù)位一次，供暖才能正常進行，這就是復(fù)位法的外部條件。類似的專利申請有一半是電子電度表，正當(dāng)機械程度車輪和轉(zhuǎn)移到一個循環(huán)時用戶不需要用電，此時中央處理器已經(jīng)知道所有的休眠時間。

9、該復(fù)位無規(guī)律間隔出現(xiàn)，但它被證實了是有根據(jù)的外部條件方法。在某些場合，時間的休眠會很長，但更有效的提高了抗干擾能力。</p><p><b>　　2硬件的具體主要點</b></p><p>　　2.1定期無條件復(fù)位</p><p>　　一般有兩種方法：①使用定時器或特殊用途的時鐘芯片來復(fù)位或使用由555電路組成的時鐘電路可以使用時鐘芯片的又X1

10、126等設(shè)立預(yù)警時間后通過報警信號喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于間隔時間比較長的情況下，還可以按照對這次行動結(jié)果，快速確定下次喚醒的時間，非常靈活方便②信號的固定使用制度是為降低脈沖定時性。50HZ電力使用后己經(jīng)省略定時器，在同一時間內(nèi)聚結(jié)相應(yīng)的信號相位，其中包括測量電流信號。</p><p><b>　　2.2外部條件復(fù)位</b></p><p>　　發(fā)送外部條件脈沖復(fù)

11、位后立刻有了新的進展。在這上面提到的水車輪或電流表產(chǎn)生脈沖也可以使用施密特的觸發(fā)代替會有個新的效果?？梢岳么翱诒容^器得到儀器的最大最小值。為了實現(xiàn)電子化即規(guī)范,可以使用電子電氣設(shè)備的潛力，也可以通過常規(guī)單片機來制定上限下限。</p><p>　　2.3在日常生活中減少周期和復(fù)位的用電量</p><p>　　復(fù)位信號在高層次的TR和單片機是在程序不運行時抗干擾能力是最強的，之后高層次的單片

12、機開始進行執(zhí)行程序。這就是說，復(fù)位也適合在這一段程序的低層次TD信號進行，這個時候時間應(yīng)該大于執(zhí)行周期的每個程序時間。這是復(fù)位周期的復(fù)位高電平采取占空比的非常重要的選擇理由。以簡單的顯示工具來確定復(fù)位周期數(shù)據(jù)打破原周期，低電平就是它的措施，有時其會超過平常任何時候所表現(xiàn)出來的數(shù)據(jù)，否則目前完整執(zhí)行計劃永遠(yuǎn)是錯的。單片集成電路在TS和 TR時期里都可以有效的抗干擾，但最好是不必要的時間安排TR。當(dāng)程序的時間很長，盡量要求降低TR，可以加入

13、電路鑒別。</p><p>　　2.4具有電力測量，手動復(fù)位</p><p>　　有些系統(tǒng)在它初始化和運行時還是需要第一次電脈沖。復(fù)位造成一開始正常運行的狀況,對每個時間而釆用的復(fù)位方法來說，它是無法識別第一次電脈沖的。在復(fù)位后測量這些引腳如果第一次測量是低電平則一些引腳是連接電容后接地。給系統(tǒng)設(shè)置一個復(fù)位按鈕，那就是說一個共同的復(fù)位，此按鈕是不是加入復(fù)位，要看最后并聯(lián)在電容兩端的引腳接地

14、情況。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)果：</b></p><p>　　反干擾是電子設(shè)計中的重要問題，尤其是在單片機中。這是因為單片機程序運行的特殊性所導(dǎo)致的。干涉可能導(dǎo)致該系統(tǒng)停止運行，也可能引發(fā)個種錯誤或非法轉(zhuǎn)移，使整個系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生死機的錯誤。就這么一說對單片機整個發(fā)展來說是不夠的，我們要研究如何降低干擾風(fēng)險，使它完善以減少不必要的錯誤。這文章只是充當(dāng)一些探索，從這兩

15、個方面努力，希望這些小小的建議，可以發(fā)揮一些效果, 鑄造拋磚引玉，幫助大家，也希望每為同時共同探討，提高我們設(shè)計水平。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　Single-Chip Microcomputer dormancy computing reset and the anti-interference ability is

16、perfect</p><p><b>　　Abstract:</b></p><p>　　Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in the operation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the o

17、ne-chip computer,Analyse its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretely; Combine the instance, analyze the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way.</p>

18、<p>　　Keyword: Single-Chip Microcomputer Restore to the throne, dormancy, anti-interference</p><p><b>　　Preface:</b></p><p>　　With the development at full speed of the micro e

19、lectric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circu

20、it made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation originally to a great extent, use very extensively. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot

21、 of importa</p><p>　　1 A principle and implementation method</p><p>　　1.1 Unconditional regular reset</p><p>　　Use timer, special clock chip or other pulse generator in a certain pa

22、rt of the regular produce reset signal. This method is especially suited for measuring instrument; this kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quant

23、ity of introduction with A/D converter often, then store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for wa</p>

24、<p>　　1.2 The external condition is restored to the throne the law</p><p>　　Some arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form of heating, rotate the pulse pr

25、oduced and calculate heat by hot water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only need in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water wheels rotate when parking wa

26、rm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly, anti-interfere</p><p>　　2 The hardware realizes the main point<

27、;/p><p>　　2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionally</p><p>　　Generally it has 2 kinds of methods. (1)Use the timer or the special-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, i

28、n order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126, etc, wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval

29、is made, can also follow the result of this operation , determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. (2) The sig</p><p>　　2.2 External conditions are restored to t

30、he throne</p><p>　　Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-mentioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schm

31、itt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum, can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electrification that is regulated, can use the electronic electric p

32、otential device, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer.</p><p>　　2.3Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times</p><p>　　In

33、 Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the　one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the　procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high leve

34、l, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time should b

35、e greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each t</p><p>　　2.4 Have the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually</p><p>　　Some systems in its initialization and run-tim

36、e need first electrical impulses. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run, it is unable to distinguish and ha

37、ve the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one Leif to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give

38、system set up </p><p><b>　　Result:</b></p><p>　　Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is b

39、ecause the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements before the system h