容器畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　英文翻譯</b></p><p>　　GB 150-1998</p><p>　　3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS</p><p>　　3.1 The design, fabrication, testing and inspection, and acceptance of pressure v

2、essels must fully comply with all the applicable requirements of this Standard, and be necessary to meet the requirements of appropriate laws, decrees and regulations issued by the Government.</p><p>　　3.2 Q

3、ualifications and Responsibilities</p><p>　　3.2.1 Qualifications</p><p>　　3.2.1.1 The Designer and the Manufacturer of pressure vessels shall maintain a sound quality control system. The Designe

4、r must hold an appropriate Designer Confiscate of pressure vessels. The Manufacturer must hold a Fabrication License of pressure vessels.</p><p>　　3.2.1.2 The design and fabrication of pressure vessels shal

5、l be under the supervision of the Safety Authorities.</p><p>　　3.2.2 Responsibilities</p><p>　　3.2.2.1 Responsibilities of Designer</p><p>　　3.2.2.1.1 The Designer shall be responsi

6、ble for the correctness and completeness of all the design documents.</p><p>　　3.2.2.1.2 The design documents of pressure vessels shall at least consist of design calculation sheets and engineering drawings.

7、</p><p>　　3.2.2.1.3 The assembly drawing of pressure vessel shall be stamped with the symbol of the Designer Certificate of pressure vessels.</p><p>　　3.2.2.2 Responsibilities of Manufacturer<

8、;/p><p>　　3.2.2.2.1 The Manufacturer shall ensure the constructed pressure vessels in confined with the requirements as prescribed on the design drawings. Any alteration shall be made with the approval of orig

9、inal Designer.</p><p>　　3.2.2.2.2 The Inspection Department of the Manufacturer shall make all of the inspections and tests in details as specified by the provisions of this Standard and in accordance with t

10、he requirements as prescribed on drawings during the whole course of manufacturing process as well as after completion of construction. After that, the Inspection Department shall provide Inspection Reports and be respon

11、sible for their correctness and completeness.</p><p>　　3.2.2.2.3 For each vessel, the Manufacturer shall at least provide the following technical documents for review, which shall be well retained for a peri

12、od of at least seven years:</p><p>　　(a) Fabricating procedure drawings or fabricating process cards;</p><p>　　(b) Material certificates and bills;</p><p>　　(c) Data sheets of wel

13、ding procedure and beat treatment for the vessel;</p><p>　　(d) Records of those items at the Manufacturer's option permitted by applicable Standards;</p><p>　　(e) Testing and inspection

14、records during the course of fabricating process and after completion;</p><p>　　(f) Original design drawings and as-built drawings.</p><p>　　3.2.2.2.4 The Manufacturer shall fill a Product Cer

15、tificate and submit it to the User after the Safety Authority has verified that the vessel was constructed in accordance with the requirements of this Standard and the corresponding drawings.</p><p>　　3.3 Sc

16、ope of Vessels</p><p>　　The jurisdiction scope of this Standard shall cover the pressure vessel the geometry of pressure parts; the scope shall cover the following:</p><p>　　3.3.1 The external p

17、ip rig connected to vessel shells and their integral parts. In relation to</p><p>　　(a) The welding end connection for the first circumferential joint for welded</p><p>　　(b) The first threa

18、ded joint for screwed connections;</p><p>　　(c) The face of the first flange for bolted, flanged connections;</p><p>　　(d) The first sealing surface for proprietary connections or fittings.&

19、lt;/p><p>　　3.3.2 The pressure retaining heads, flat covers and their fittings for vessel openings, such as manhole, handhold and nozzle.</p><p>　　3.3.3 The welded joints of non-pressure parts weld

20、ed directly to the pressure retaining surfaces of a pressure vessel.</p><p>　　The other parts beyond welded joints such as pad reinforcements, supports and skirts etc. shall be necessary to satisfy the requi

21、rements of this Standard or other applicable Standards.</p><p>　　3.3.4 The pressure relief devices connected directly to the vessel shall be necessary to satisfy the requirements of Annex B; the attachments

22、connected to the vessel such as gages, instruments etc. shall be necessary to satisfy the requirements of applicable Standards.</p><p>　　3.4 Definitions</p><p>　　3.4.1 Pressure</p><p&

23、gt;　　Pressure indicates gage pressure, if not specified.</p><p>　　3.4.2 Working Pressure</p><p>　　Working pressure is defined as the maximum pressure that may occur at the top of the vessel unde

24、r normal operating conditions.</p><p>　　3.4.3 Design Pressure</p><p>　　Design pressure is defined as the maximum set pressure at the top of the vessel and shall be applied as the conditions of d

25、esign load with the coincident design temperature. The design pressure shall be not less than the working pressure.</p><p>　　3.4.4 Calculating Pressure</p><p>　　Calculating Pressure is defined

26、 as the pressure used to determine the thickness of the vessel parts with the coincident design temperature. The static head of liquid shall be considered in calculating pressure, but may be neglected if its value is les

27、s than 5% of the design pressure.</p><p>　　3.4.5 Test pressure </p><p>　　Calculating pressure is defined as the pressure at the top of the vessel during the test.</p><p>　　3.4.6 Des

28、ign Temperature</p><p>　　Design temperature is defined as the set metal temperature of the pressure parts under normal operating conditions of the vessel, i.e. the mean metal temperature through the cross se

29、ction of the pressure parts. The design temper nature shall be applied as the conditions of design load with the coincident design pressure.</p><p>　　The design temperature stamped on the nameplate shall be

30、 the maximum or minimum design temperature of the shell.</p><p>　　3.4.7 Test Temperature</p><p>　　Test temperature is defined as the metal temperature of the shell during the test.</p>&l

31、t;p>　　3.4.8 Thickness</p><p>　　3.4.8.1 Calculated Thickness</p><p>　　Calculated thickness is defined as the thickness calculated by specified Formulas shown in the following Chapters. When n

32、ecessary, the required thickness due to other loads shall be considered (see 3.5.4).</p><p>　　3.4.8.2 Design Thickness</p><p>　　Design thickness is defined as the sum of the calculated thickness

33、 and the corrosion allowance.</p><p>　　3.4.8.3 Nominal Thickness</p><p>　　Nominal thickness is defined as the sum of the design thickness and the minus deviation of steel material thickness, and

34、 then rounded off to the nearest greater thickness specified in Material Standards, i.e. the thickness indicated on the drawings.</p><p>　　3.4.8.4 Effective Thickness</p><p>　　Effective thicknes

35、s is defined as the nominal thickness minus the sum of the corrosion allowance and the minus deviation of steel material thickness.</p><p>　　3.5 General Design Requirements</p><p>　　3.5.1 The

36、following different cases shall be considered in determining the design pressure:</p><p>　　For vessel provided with pressure relief device, the design pressure shall be determined in accordance with the prov

37、isions of Annex B.</p><p>　　For vessel filling with Liquefied gases in the specified allowable range of filling ratio, the design pressure shall be determined in accordance with the probable maximum metal te

38、mperature under the operating conditions.</p><p>　　For vessel subjected to external pressure, the design pressure shall be determined in accordance with the probable maximum difference in pressure between in

39、side and outside of a vessel under normal operating conditions.</p><p>　　For vessel under vacuum conditions, the design pressure shall be considered as external pressure. When the vessel 'is provided wi

40、th safety device like vacuum relief valve, the design pressure may be taken as 1.25 times the maximum difference in pressure between inside and outside of a vessel, or the value of 0.1 Mpa, whichever is lesser. When ther

41、e is no safety device, the design pressure shall be determined as 0.1 Mpa.</p><p>　　For vessel constructed by a combination unit of more than one independent pressure chambers such as jacketed vessel, the de

42、sign pressure shall be detonated in accordance with the maximum difference in pressure between any two chambers.</p><p>　　3.5.2 The following different cases shall be considered in determining the design tem

43、perature:</p><p>　　Design temperature shall be not less than the probable maximum metal temperature of vessel under operating conditions.</p><p>　　For metal temperature below 0℃, the design temp

44、erature shall be equal to or less than the probable minimum metal temperature of the vessel.</p><p>　　For vessel under low temperature service, the design temperature shall be determined in accordance with t

45、he provisions of Annex C.</p><p>　　For vessel with different metal temperatures in different zones under operating conditions, the design temperature shall be determined separately as per different zone.<

46、/p><p>　　The metal temperature of vessel part may be determined by the calculation of heat transfer, or be measured on the similar vessel in-service, or be determined in accordance with the inside medium temper

47、ature.</p><p>　　3.5.3 For vessel under different operating conditions, the design of vessel shall conform to the most severe operating condition. The corresponding pressures and temperatures of different op

48、erating conditions shall be indicated on the drawings or other technical documents.</p><p>　　3.5.4 Loadings</p><p>　　The loadings to be considered in the design shall cover the following:</p&

49、gt;<p>　　(a) Internal or external design pressure, or the maximum difference in pressure;</p><p>　　(b) Static head of liquid;</p><p>　　When necessary, the following loading shall be co

50、nsidered in addition:</p><p>　　(c) Weight of vessel (including intermits and packing etc.) and the contents under normal operating or testing conditions;</p><p>　　(d) Weight of attached equi

51、pment. Insulation, linings, piping, ladders and platforms etc</p><p>　　(e) Wind, snow and seismic reactions;</p><p>　　(f) Superimposed static reactions from various supports, such as lugs, r

52、ings, legs etc.;</p><p>　　(g) Acting forces from connecting piping and other accessories;</p><p>　　(h) Thermal loading due to temperature gradients and different thermal expansions;</p>

53、;<p>　　(I) Impact loading due to fluctuation in pressure etc.;</p><p>　　(j) Impact reactions such as those due to fluid shock;</p><p>　　(k) Acting forces in transportation or mounti

54、ng.</p><p>　　3.5.5 Additions to the thickness</p><p>　　Additions to the thickness shall be determined by Formula (3-1)</p><p>　　C ＝C l＋C2 ：…………….. （3-1 ） -</p><p>　　W

55、here C - thickness addition, mm;</p><p>　　C1 - minus deviation of material thickness (see 3.5.5.1), mm;</p><p>　　C2 - corrosion allowance (see 3.5.5.2), mm.</p><p>　　3.5.5.1 minu

56、s deviation of material thickness </p><p>　　The minus deviation of steel plate or pipe thickness shall be in compliance with the requirements specified in Material Standards. The minus deviation

57、may be neglected, when it is not greater than 0.25 mm, and not exceeds 6% of the nominal thickness.</p><p>　　3.5.5.2 Corrosion allowance</p><p>　　The corrosion allowance shall be considered to p

58、rotect vessel pressure parts subjected to thinning by corrosion erosion or mechanical abrasion. The requirements in details are prescribed as the following:</p><p>　　(a) For vessel pressure parts subjected t

59、o corrosion or abrasion, the corrosion allowance shall be determined in accordance with the specified life of the vessel and the corrosive rate of the medium relative to the material;</p><p>　　(b) Materials

60、added for corrosion allowance need not be of the same thickness for all parts of the vessel, if different corrosive rates are existed in the various parts;</p><p>　　(c) For vessels constructed of carbon stee

61、ls or low alloy steels used in compressed air, steam or water services, and the corrosion allowance shall be provided not less than I mm.</p><p>　　3.5.6 Minimum thickness of shells after forming, exclusive o

62、f any corrosion allowance shall be:</p><p>　　(a) Not less than 3 mm, for vessels constructed of carbon steels or low alloy steels;</p><p>　　(b) Not less than 2 mm, for vessels constructed of hig

63、h alloy steels.</p><p>　　3.6 Allowable Stress</p><p>　　3.6.1 The allowable stress of materials specified in this Standard are given in Chapter 4. The determination of allowable stresses shall b

64、e based upon Table 3-1 for steel materials (exclusive of bolts) and upon Table 3-2 for bolts.</p><p><b>　　表 3-1</b></p><p>　　Note: l) For pressure parts constructed of austenitic hig

65、h alloy steel, when the design temperature is less than creep range and a slight amount of permanent deformation is permitted, the allowable stress may be appropriately raised to 0.9, but not exceed . This rule shall n

66、ot be applied to flanges or other situations where slight amount of perm anent deformation will immediately result in leakage or trouble.</p><p><b>　　表 3-2</b></p><p>　　Where - speci

67、fied tensile strength lower limit in Material Standards, Map;</p><p>　　s（）- yield point (or the 0.2% offset method ) at ambient temperature specified in Material Standards, Mpa</p><p>　　-M, 7d;

68、point (or the 0.2% offset method) at design temperature specified in Material Standards, Mpa;</p><p>　　- mean value of creep rupture strength at design temperature for rupture after lO hours, Mpa;</p>

69、<p>　　- creep limit at design temperature for 1%of the creep rate after i0s hours, Mpa.</p><p>　　3.6.2 The allowable stress at 20 ℃ shall be applied for those with the design temperature less than 20 ℃

70、.</p><p>　　3.6.3 The allowable stress for stainless steel clad plate</p><p>　　When the bond area between the cladding and the base metal are constructed to meet the requirements of Class B2 in J

71、B4733 or even better, and should the strength of cladding be taken into account in designing, the allowable stress for the stainless steel clad plate at design temperature may be determined by Formula (3-2):</p>&

72、lt;p><b>　　…………（3-2）</b></p><p>　　where - allowable stress for the stainless steel clad plate at design temperature, Mpa;</p><p>　　; - allowable stress for the base metal at design

73、 temperature, MPa;</p><p>　　- Allowable stress for the cladding at design temperature, MPa;</p><p>　　- Nominal thickness of the base metal, mm;</p><p>　　- Nominal thickness of the c

74、ladding, exclusive of corrosion allowance, mm.</p><p>　　3.6.4 For the combination of seismic or wind reaction with other loading in 3.5.4, the wall stress of vessel shall not exceed l.2 times the allowable s

75、tress. Seismic and wind reactions need not be assumed to occur simultaneously.</p><p>　　3.7 Joint Efficiency</p><p>　　Joint efficiency shall be determined in accordance with the type of welded j

76、oint of pressure parts as well as the length ratio of non-destructive examination (NDE).</p><p>　　For double-welded butt joints or other butt joints of full penetration equivalent to a double welded joint:&l

77、t;/p><p>　　NDE 100% examination = 1.00</p><p>　　NDE spot examination =0.85</p><p>　　For single-welded butt joints with backing strip fitted on the base metal along the whole len

78、gth of weld root:</p><p>　　NDE 100% examination = 0.9</p><p>　　NDE spot examination = 0.8</p><p>　　3.8 Static Pressure Test</p><p>　　All completed vessels sha

79、ll be subjected to a static pressure test. The method and the test pressure shall be prescribed on the drawings.</p><p>　　Hydrostatic test is the common method for static pressure test. The testing liquid s

80、hall conform to the requirements specified in Chapter 10. A pneumatic test may be used in lieu of hydrostatic test for vessels, which is impracticably filled with water, or be not readily dried where traces of testing l

81、iquid cannot be tolerated. The vessel for pneumatic test shall conform to the requirements of 10.9.5.</p><p>　　An internal static pressure test shall be performed for the vessels subjected to external press

82、ure and the vacuum vessels.</p><p>　　When a vessel consists of more than one independent pressure chambers, the test pressure of each chamber shall be specified on the drawings, and the stability of adjacent

83、 shell subjected to test pressure shall be kept in the adjacent chambers during static pressure testing. At any time of static pressure test process including loading, holding and unloading, the difference in pressure be

84、tween chambers shall not exceed the limit of difference in pressure. The requirements and limit values of diff</p><p>　　3.8.1 Test Pressure </p><p>　　The lower limit of test pressure shall be de

85、termined by the following Formulas. The upper limit shall satisfy the requirements of stress checking in 3.8.2.</p><p>　　3.8.1.1 Vessels subjected to internal pr</p><p>　　Hydrostatic test ……………

86、…（3-3 ）</p><p>　　Pneumatic test ………………（3-4 ）</p><p>　　Where -test pressure,MPa;</p><p>　　- design pressure, MPa;</p><p>　　- Allowable stress of vessel part material at

87、test temperature, MPa;</p><p>　　- Allowable stress of vessel part material at design temperature, MPa.</p><p><b>　　Note:</b></p><p>　　l. When the maximum allowable worki

88、ng pressure is specified on the vessel nameplate (see Annex B2.1), the design pressure p in the Formulas above shall be replaced by the maximum allowable working pressure.</p><p>　　2. When the materials of v

89、essel parts such as cylinder, head, nozzle, flange and fastener etc. are different each other, the minimum value of of various parts shall be taken in Formulas above.</p><p>　　3.8.1.2 Vessels subjected to ex

90、ternal pressure and vacuum vessels</p><p>　　Hydrostatic test </p><p>　?。?. 25……………………（3-5 ）</p><p>　　Pneumatic test</p><p>　　…………………..（3-6 ）</p><p>　　Where

91、 Pr - test pressure, MPa;</p><p>　　- design pressure, MPa.</p><p>　　3.8.2 Stress checking prior to static pressure test</p><p>　　The stress of cylinder shall be checked in accord

92、ance with the following Formula prior to static pressure test</p><p>　　………………（3-7）</p><p>　　Where - stress of cylindrical shell subjected to test pressure, MPa;</p><p>　　- Inside di

93、ameter of cylinder,mm;</p><p>　　- test pressure, MPa;</p><p>　　- Effective thickness of cylinder, mm.</p><p>　　-Shall satisfy the conditions below:</p><p>　　Hydrostatic

94、 test, ≤0. 9</p><p>　　Pneumatic test, ≤0.8</p><p>　　Where - yield point (or the 0.2c/o offset method) of cylindrical shell material at test temperature, MPa</p

95、><p>　　-joint efficiency of cylindrical shell.</p><p>　　3.9 For those vessels that the static pressure test cannot be performed in accordance with the requirements of 3.8, the Designer shall provid

96、e alternative way to ensure the safety operation of the pressure vessels, and shall prescribe it on the drawings.</p><p>　　3.10 Leak Test</p><p>　　If the vessels contain extreme toxic or highly

97、toxic substances, a leak test shall be conducted on those vessels passing static pressure test. Where the test pressure, test medium and inspection requirements of the leak test be prescribed on the drawings.</p>

98、<p>　　Note: The categories of toxic substances are referred to the provisions of Supervision Regulations on Sofe0, Technology of Pressure vessels.</p><p>　　FABRICATION, TESTING AND INSPECTION, AND AC

99、CEPTANCE</p><p>　　10.1 General</p><p>　　10.1.1 This Chapter is applicable to the fabrication, testing and inspection, and acceptance of single wall, wrapped layered, shrinks fit and forged-welde

100、d pressure vessels. For vessels of design temperature less than or equal to -20 ℃, the provisions of Annex C shall be complied with too.</p><p>　　Note: The shrink fit pressure vessels shall be that the shri

101、nk fitting surface may be or may not be machined, and the interference fitting are accepted between layers. The pre-stress produced due to interference fitting shall be eliminated by heat treatment as full as possible.&

102、lt;/p><p>　　10.1.2 The fabrication, testing and inspection, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall conform to the provisions in this Chapter in conjunction with the specific requirements on the drawings.</

103、p><p>　　10.1.3 The vessel Manufacturer shall have sound Quality System or Quality Control System in compliance with the appropriate rules, regulations and decrees issued by the Safety Authorities.</p>&l