工業(yè)設計 畢業(yè)設計 外文翻譯 中英文吸塵器的技術與歷史

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文翻譯</p><p>　　專 業(yè) 　 工業(yè)設計 </p><p>　　學生姓名 班 級 07-1 班 </p><p>　　指導教師 職 稱 </p><p>　　所在單位 藝術教研室

2、 </p><p>　　教研室主任 </p><p>　　The vacuum cleaner technology and history</p><p>　　Vacuum cleaner - classification </p><p>　　Vacuum cleane

3、r species more, according to the structure points are mainly：</p><p>　　1, vertical：a bucket or square round the majority，points on, under two parts，the upper part． is powered with motor，the lower for dust co

4、llection box． </p><p>　　2, horizontal: rectangular or models shape，have two parts，front before for dust collection box，rear part for the motor．</p><p>　　3 and portable，it usually has four kinds

5、of form - shoulder type：smaller，when using back on his shoulders，smaller power；Pole type： shape like rod，handles，and on the top is for suction nozzle below，smaller power；Portable:smaller，which can be directly used in han

6、d grip, smaller power；Mini type：multi-purpose battery-powered，smaller，more for clean clothes, instruments，smaller power．</p><p>　　According to the drive motors to points</p><p>　　vacuum cleaner

7、and can be divided into the following categories: ac vacuum cleaners, dc cleaner and ac/dc amphibious vacuum cleaner．</p><p>　　Vacuum cleaner - working principle </p><p>　　Cleaner mainly by up d

8、ust，vacuuming，blow 3 parts，generally includes string-excited motor, centrifugal blower KSF, blow device (bags) and vacuuming accessories. KSF string-excited motor speed up more than 20000r/min (mini vacuum cleaner analyz

9、ed．combined by micro，rated voltage dc machines for 3 ~ 6V). Blow is usually adopts mesh， flannelette or filter materials. General cleaner power for 400 ~ 1000W or higher，portable vacuum cleaner power generally lower than

10、 250W．Cleaner principle of work is as </p><p>　　A vacuum cleaner，commonly referred to as a vacuum is a device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors. T

11、he dirt is collected by either a dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well an in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models: from small battery-operated hand-held de

12、vices to huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle several hundred litters of dust before being emptied.</p><p>　　Technology</p><p>　　A vacuum's suction is caused by a difference

13、 in air pressure. An electric fan reduces the pressure inside the machine. Atmospheric pressure then pushes the air through the carpet and into the nozzle, and so the dust is literally pushed into the bag.</p><

14、;p>　　Tests have shown that vacuuming can kill 100% of young fleas and 96% of adult fleas.</p><p>　　A British inventor has developed a new cleaning technology known as Air Recycling Technology which instea

15、d of using a vacuum uses an air stream to collect dust from the carpet. This technology was tested by the Market Transformation Programmer (MTP) and shown to be more energy efficient than the vacuum method. Although work

16、ing prototypes exist Air Recycling Technology is not currently used in any production cleaner.</p><p>　　Exhaust filtration</p><p>　　Vacuums by their nature cause dust to become airborne, by exha

17、usting air that is not completely filtered. This can cause health problems since the operator ends up inhaling this dust. There are several methods manufacturers are using to solve this problem. Some methods may be combi

18、ned together in a single vacuum. Typically the filter is positioned so that the incoming air passes through it before it reaches the motor. Typically, the filtered air then passes through the motor for cooling purposes&l

19、t;/p><p><b>　　History</b></p><p>　　The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual vacuum cleaners. The first manual models, using bellows, came in the 1869s, and first mo

20、torised models came in the beginning of the 20th century.</p><p>　　Daniel Hess</p><p>　　Daniel Hess of West Union, Lowe, USA invented a vacuum cleaner in 1860.Calling it a carpet sweeper instead

21、 of a vacuum cleaner, his machine did, in fact, have a rotating brush like a traditional vacuum cleaner, which also possessed an elaborate bellows mechanism on top of the body to generate suction of dust and dirt. Hess r

22、eceived a patent (U.S.No.29.077) for his invention of the vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860.</p><p>　　Elves W. Mc Gaffe</p><p>　　The first manually-powered cleaner using vacuum principles was the

23、“Whirlwind,” invented in Chicago, USA in 1868 by elves W. Mc Gaffe The machine was lightweight and compact, but was difficult to operate because of the need to turn a hand crank at the same time as pushing it across the

24、floor. Mc Gaffe enlisted the help of The American Carpet Cleaning Co. of Boston to market it to the pubic. It was sold for $25. It is hard to determine how successful the Whirlwind was, as most of them were sold i</p&

25、gt;<p>　　Mc Gaffney was but one of many 19th-century inventors in the United States and Europe who devised manual vacuum cleaners. He obtained a patent (U.S.No.91,145) on June 8,1869.</p><p>　　Melvill

26、e Bissell</p><p>　　In 1876, Melville Bissell of Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA created a vacuum cleaner for his wife, Anna, to clean up sawdust in carpeting. Shortly after, Bissell Carpet Sweepers were born. Af

27、ter Melville died unexpectedly in 1889, Anna took control of the company and was one of the most powerful businesswomen of the day.</p><p>　　John S. Thurman</p><p>　　On November 14,1898, John S.

28、 Thurman of St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Submitted for patent (U.S.No.634,042)a “pneumatic carpet renovator”. It was issued on October3, 1899. Thurman created a gasoline powered carpet cleaner for the General Compressed Air

29、 Company. In a newspaper advertisement from the St. Louis Dispatch, Thurman offered his invention of the horse drawn (which went door to door) motorized cleaning system in St. Louis. Louis. He offered cleaning services a

30、t $4 per visit. By 1906, Thurman</p><p>　　H. Cecil Booth</p><p>　　Hubert Cecil Booth has the strongest claim to inventing the motorized vacuum cleaner in 1901. As Booth recalled decades later, i

31、n 1901 he attended “a demonstration of an American machine by its inventor” at the Empire Music Hall in London. The inventor is not named, but Booth’s description of the machine conforms fairly closely to Thurman’s desig

32、n, as modified in later patents. Booth watched a demonstration of the device which blew dust off the chairs, and thought it would be much more useful to</p><p>　　David T. Kenney</p><p>　　Nine pa

33、tents granted to the New Jersey, USA inventor David T. Kenney between 1903 and 1913 established the foundation for the American vacuum cleaner industry. Membership in the Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers’ Associatio, formed

34、in 1919, was limited to licensees under his patents.</p><p>　　Walter Griffiths</p><p>　　In 1905 "Griffith's Improved Vacuum Apparatus for Removing Dust from Carpets" was another ma

35、nually operated cleaner, patented by Walter Griffiths Manufacturer, Birmingham, England. was portable, easy to store, and powered by "any one person (such as the ordinary domestic servant he task of compressing a b

36、ellows-like contraption to suck up dust through a removable, flexible pipe, to which a variety of shaped nozzles could be attached. This was arguably the first domestic vacuum-cleaning device t</p><p>　　Herm

37、ann Bogenschild</p><p>　　German immigrant engineer Hermann Bogenschild filed a patent in 1906 for a mechanical 'dust removing apparatus.' Emigrating from Berlin to Milwaukee in 1892, Bogenschild'

38、s device was mounted on wheels for portability and its motor was connected to a hose and filter system.</p><p>　　James Murray Spangler</p><p>　　In 1907, James Murray Spangler, a janitor Canton,

39、Ohio, practical, portable vacuum cleaner. Crucially, in addition to suction that used an electric fan, a box, and one of his wife's pillowcases, Spangler's design incorporated a rotating brush to loosen debris. U

40、nable to produce the design himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in 1908 to William Henry Hoover who had Spangler's machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and attachments. Subsequent innovatio

41、ns included the first </p><p><b>　　Hoover</b></p><p>　　Spangler patented his rotating-brush design June 2, 1908, and eventually sold the idea to his cousin's husband, Hoover. He

42、was looking for a new product to sell, as the leather goods produced by his 'Hoover Harness and Leather Goods' company were becoming obsolete, because of the invention of the automobile. In the United States, Hoo

43、ver remains one of the leading manufacturers of household goods, including vacuum cleaners; and Hoover became very wealthy from the invention. Indeed, in Britain the</p><p><b>　　Nilfisk</b></p

44、><p>　　In 1910, P.A. Frisker patented a vacuum cleaner using a name based on the company’s telegram address—Nilfisk. It was the first electric vacuum cleaner in Europe. His design weighed just 17.5 kg and

45、could be operated by a single person. The company Frisker and Nielsen was formed just a few years before. Today the Nilfisk vacuums are delivered by Nilfisk-Advance.</p><p>　　Electrolux Model V</p>&l

46、t;p>　　The first vacuum cleaners were bulky stand-up units and not easily portable. But in 1921 Electrolux launched the Model V that was designed to lie on the floor on two thin metal runners. This innovation, conceive

47、d by Electrolux founder Axel Wenner-Gren, became a standard feature on generations of future vacuum cleaners.</p><p>　　There is a recorded example of a 1930s Electrolux vacuum cleaner surviving in use for ov

48、er 70 years, finally breaking in 2008.</p><p>　　Post-World War II</p><p>　　For many years after their introduction, vacuum cleaners remained a luxury item; but after World War II they became com

49、mon among the middle classes. They tend to be more common in Western countries because, in most parts of the world, wall-to-wall carpeting is uncommon and homes have tile or hardwood floors, which are easily swept, wiped

50、, or mopped.</p><p>　　Vacuum cleaners working on the cyclone principle became popular in the 1990s, although some companies (notably Filter Queen and Regina) have been making vacuum cleaners with cyclonic ac

51、tion since 1928. Modern cyclonic cleaners were adapted from industrial cyclonic separators by British designer James Dyson in 1985. He launched his cyclone cleaner first in Japan in the 1980s at a cost of about US$1,800

52、and later the Dyson DC01 upright in the UK in 1993 for £200. It was expected that people would </p><p>　　Cyclonic cleaners do not use bags instead; the dust collects in a detachable, cylindrical collect

53、ion vessel. Air and dust are blown at high speed into the collection vessel at a direction tangential to the vessel wall, creating a vortex. The dust particles and other debris move to the outside of the vessel by centri

54、fugal force, where they fall due to gravity, and clean air from the center of the vortex is expelled from the machine after passing through a number of successively finer filters at t</p><p>　　In early 2000

55、several companies developed robotic vacuum cleaners. Some examples are Roman, Robomaxx, Intellibot, Trilobite and Floor Bot. These machines propel themselves in patterns across a floor, cleaning surface dust and debris i

56、nto their dustbin. They usually can navigate around furniture and find their recharging stations. Most robotic vacuum cleaners are designed for home use, although there are more capable models for operation in offices, h

57、otels, hospitals, etc. Some such as the Roman </p><p>　　In 2004 a British company released Airider, a hovering vacuum cleaner that floats on a cushion of air. It has claimed to be light weight and easier to

58、maneuver (compared to using wheels), although it is not the first vacuum cleaner to do this—the Hoover Constellation predated it by at least 35 years.</p><p><b>　　吸塵器的技術與歷史</b></p><p&g

59、t;　　吸塵器的種類較多，按結構分主要有：</p><p>　　立式。呈圓桶形或方形居多，分上、下兩部分，上部裝有電機，是動力部分，下部為集塵箱。 2、臥式。長方形或車型狀，有前后兩部分，前部為集塵箱，后部為電機部分。 3、便攜式。它一般有4種形式——肩式：體積較小，使用時背在肩上，功率較小；</p><p>　　桿式。形狀似桿，上端為把手，下端為吸嘴，功率較??；手提式：體

60、積更小，可直接握在手中使用，功率較??；微型式：多用電池供電，體積更小，多用于清潔衣物、儀器等，功率較小。按驅動電動機來分 </p><p>　　吸塵器又可分為以下幾類：</p><p>　　交流吸塵器、直流吸塵器和交直流兩用吸塵器</p><p>　　吸塵器 - 工作原理 </p><p>　　吸塵器主要由起塵、吸塵、濾塵3 部分組成，一般

61、包括串激整流子電動機、離心式風機、濾塵器（袋）和吸塵附件。串激整流子電動機轉速高達20000r/min以上（微型吸塵器采用微型永磁式直流電動機,額定電壓為3～6V）。濾塵器通常采用濾網、絨布或濾紙等材料。一般吸塵器的功率為400～1000W或更高，便攜式吸塵器的功率一般低于250W。吸塵器的工作原理如下：電動機高速驅動風機葉輪旋轉，使空氣高速排出，而風機前端吸塵部內的空氣不斷地補充給風機，使吸塵部內產生瞬時真空,從而與外界大氣壓形成負壓

62、差,在此壓差的作用下，吸入含塵屑的空氣，經濾塵器過濾，排出清凈的空氣。負壓差愈大，風量愈大，吸塵能力也愈大。</p><p>　　吸塵器，通常簡稱為真空試一種裝置，它利用空氣泵創(chuàng)建一個部分真空對吸起來的灰塵和污垢，通常從用于地板。收集的灰塵是以一dustbag或旋風為以后處理。真空吸塵器，并把它應用與房屋以及在行業(yè)，存在于多種尺寸和模型：從小型電平驅動手持設備到巨大的固定工業(yè)電器，能容納幾百升的灰塵之前被排空。&

63、lt;/p><p><b>　　技術</b></p><p>　　真空吸力是由于不同的空氣壓力，一個電風扇減少機器內的壓力，然后推大氣壓力的地毯和空氣通過進入噴嘴，因此這個塵埃是子邊上推進袋子里。</p><p>　　實驗表明，吸塵可以殺死100%的跳蚤幼蟲和96%的人身上的跳蚤。</p><p>　　一個英國發(fā)明家已經開發(fā)

64、出一種新的清洗技術被稱為空氣循環(huán)技術，而不是使用一個真空氣流除塵從地毯上。此技術測試，有市場轉型計劃（MTP）并能顯示更多的有效能量真空的方法。雖然工作原型存在空氣循環(huán)技術是當前不使用于任何生產清潔。</p><p><b>　　排氣過濾</b></p><p>　　真空吸塵系統(tǒng)有它們的本性導致塵埃變成空降，有污濁的空氣這部全是過濾凈化。這肯能會導致將吸入灰塵來解決問

65、題。廠家都在使用幾種方法來解決這些問題。一些方法可能被組合在一起，在一份單一的真空。典型的濾水器定位，讓進來的空氣通過它才能到達電機，然后通過過濾空氣電機冷卻的目的。</p><p><b>　　歷史</b></p><p>　　通過手持真空吸塵器演變而來的地毯清掃器。第一個模型，使用了上世紀六十年代的波紋管。第一次機動模型進入了20世紀初。</p>&

66、lt;p><b>　　丹尼爾·赫斯</b></p><p>　　丹尼爾?赫斯的愛荷華州底部聯(lián)盟。美國在1860年發(fā)明了一種真空吸塵器。它叫做地毯清掃器，事實上他的機器上沒有真空，只有一個旋轉刷像傳統(tǒng)的真空吸塵器，也擁有一個精心制作的波紋管的頂端上的身體機制產生吸入灰塵和污垢。1860年7月10日，他的吸塵器受到了國家專利。</p><p>　　McGa

67、ffey艾夫斯</p><p>　　真空吸塵器的第manually-powered原則是“旋風”，McGaffer艾夫斯于1868年發(fā)明于美國芝加哥。這臺機器是輕和緊湊的，但操作復雜，因為需要一只把手將它推在地板上。在MaGaffey的招募下，美國波士頓的地毯清潔公司對上市公共銷售，價格是25美元。很難決定多么成功，因為大多數(shù)旋風是出售在芝加哥和波士頓，1871年芝加哥大火很可能損失了很多。只有兩個一直有幸存者，

68、其中之一，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在胡佛歷史中心。</p><p>　　MaGaffey只不過是一個許多19世紀發(fā)明家在美國和歐洲的發(fā)明手持真空吸塵器。1869年6月8日，他獲得了國家專利。</p><p><b>　　梅爾維爾·比斯爾</b></p><p>　　1876年，梅爾維爾·比斯爾的密歇根州的大急流城，創(chuàng)造了一個真空吸塵器，美國

69、婦女，安娜對清理鋸木屑在地毯。不久之后，地毯掃把比斯爾誕生了。梅爾維爾猝然逝世后，于1889年，安娜接管公司，是其中一個最強大的女企業(yè)家。</p><p><b>　　約翰?Ｓ?瑟曼</b></p><p>　　1898年11月4日，約翰?ｓ?瑟曼的至路易斯密蘇里州專利、美國提交“氣動地毯renovator”.這是發(fā)布于1987年10月3日。創(chuàng)造了一個有動力瑟曼地毯清

70、潔劑為一般的壓縮空氣的公司。在報紙上的招聘廣告的派遣到路易斯。提供了他的發(fā)明，瑟曼工作于（其中前往門到門）電動清洗系統(tǒng)在至路易斯。他主動提出清潔服務在4元/每次。1906年，瑟曼是由中央清洗系統(tǒng)，提供內置使用壓縮的空氣，但出現(xiàn)無粉塵的手機。瑟曼機器有時被認為是第一個真空吸塵器。然而，把灰塵被風吹進一個容情而不是被吸進去，就像在這臺機器現(xiàn)在使用。在以后的專利訴訟、法官愛古斯都的手裁定瑟曼，似乎并沒有試圖設計一個吸塵器，或有理解真空清洗的過

71、程。</p><p><b>　　塞西爾?布斯</b></p><p>　　在1901年休伯特塞西爾?布斯聲稱他發(fā)明了電動吸塵器。作為展位召回了數(shù)十年之后，于1901年，在倫敦他參加了“演示一個美國人的機器，它的發(fā)明者”在帝國音樂廳，不是用發(fā)明者命名。但展位的描述符合相當密切瑟曼機的設計，作為改型在以后的專利。看了一場示威攤位器件的塵埃落在了椅子，覺得這會是非常有用的

72、，有一個吸塵埃。他測試了主意要靠打手帕在座位上的一個餐廳椅子，把他的嘴的手帕，然后試圖所傳授的塵埃像他能在手帕上。當看見的灰塵和污物收集到的有關尾部的手帕，他已是道德想法可以工作。展位制造了一個巨大的推動下，首先裝置由發(fā)動機，后來被一個電動馬達。戲稱為“膨化比利”，馬拉布斯的燃油吸塵器依賴空氣通過濾布拔出來。1901年獲得比準皇家的印章、攤位電動吸塵器是用于清除的地毯威斯敏斯特教堂前愛德華七世加冕禮。1901年2月18日和8月30日收到

73、他的最初兩項專利攤位。</p><p><b>　　Kenney大衛(wèi)</b></p><p>　　九專利授予美國新澤西，發(fā)明家Kenney大衛(wèi)1903年和1913年之間奠定了基礎，美國吸塵器行業(yè)。會員資格吸塵器制造商協(xié)會在1919年想成，限于溫泉取供事業(yè)在他的專利。</p><p><b>　　沃爾特?格里菲思</b>&l

74、t;/p><p>　　“格里菲思于1905年改進除塵裝置，提高真空”是另一個手動的沃爾特?格里菲思地毯清潔劑制造商，專利為英格蘭的伯明翰。只是便攜式、易于儲存、使用“任何一個人（如平凡家政服務）”，誰會有一個像吼叫的壓縮灰塵的玩意兒可以吸取灰塵通過一個可移動的柔性管，各種形狀的噴嘴，請另附紙。只是有據(jù)可查的國內第一家真空吸塵設備，類似于現(xiàn)代真空吸塵器。</p><p><b>　　黃

75、耀德</b></p><p>　　德國移民工程師黃耀德提出申請專利在1906年為一個機械的聯(lián)合除塵器械從柏林移民，1892年在黃耀德密爾沃基的裝置安裝在電機可移植性和它的輪子被連接到一個軟管和濾波處理系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　詹姆斯?莫里斯</b></p><p>　　1907年，詹姆斯?莫里斯，一個新的看門人從位于美國俄

76、亥俄州坎頓市，發(fā)明第一個實用的、可移動的真空吸塵器。至關重要的是，使用電動風扇、一個盒子里，和他的一個妻子的枕套，裝入了新的一個旋轉刷松碎片。由于贊助商的缺乏信心無法自己生產，他賣掉了專利在1908年，威廉?亨利?胡佛曾是機器重新設計新的鋼制套管、腳、和附件。在20世紀20年代后續(xù)創(chuàng)新包括處理濾袋。1926年第一個正直的吸塵器。</p><p><b>　　胡佛</b></p>

77、<p>　　1908年6月20日他的旋轉刷設計新的專利，并最終對他表弟的出售的觀念，則非胡佛莫屬。他在尋找新產品來賣，因為汽車的發(fā)明為皮革制品的生產的他的馬具和比革制品胡佛公司更加豐厚利潤。在美國，胡佛仍然是其中的領導廠商的家居用品，包括真空吸塵器，胡佛變得非常富有的發(fā)明。事實上，在英國成了同義詞名稱胡佛真空吸塵器，如此我們的“星座”。最初成為“公司的電動吸”的清掃，他們第一個真空試1908年，一新模型60美元。</p

78、><p><b>　　Nilfisk</b></p><p>　　1901年的今天，專利吸塵器年利Fisker使用一個名稱的基礎上，Nilfisk公司的電報。它是第一個電動吸塵器。它的設計，體重只有17.5kg。僅僅幾年前本公司成立Fisker和尼爾森。吸塵器拿手的是清理那些細小的Nilfisk今天送達力奇先生。</p><p><b>

79、　　伊萊克斯模型v</b></p><p>　　第一個真空吸塵器相當龐大挺立的單位，不會輕易便攜。但在1921年伊萊克斯發(fā)動了明星設計了v，躺在地板上兩薄金屬賽跑手。這一創(chuàng)新，所持的伊萊克斯創(chuàng)始人阿克賽爾會行走的圓球上，變成了一個標準的特征輩分的真空吸塵器。</p><p>　　有一個記錄的例子伊萊克斯吸塵器生存與1930年代使用超過了70年，終于在2008年被打破。</

80、p><p><b>　　二戰(zhàn)以后形成的</b></p><p>　　多年來談們的介紹、吸塵器仍然是一種奢侈品，但經過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)他們成了常見中產階級。他們往往更常見，因為在西方國家在世界大戰(zhàn)部分地區(qū)、滿鋪地毯是不常見的，和房子瓷磚或木地板，這是很容易打掃干凈，或用拖把擦干。</p><p>　　工作上的真空吸塵器旋風在20世紀90年代原理辦得非常

81、受歡迎，自1928年以來盡管有些公司（特別是過濾器女王和雷吉娜）已經進行了改變真空吸塵器狀況與行動。從現(xiàn)代狀況清潔劑非常適合工業(yè)狀況分離器由英國設計師詹姆斯?戴森牌在1985年。在日本80年代他開始了他第一次設計了颶風吸塵器，為此付出的代價1800美元及后來英國在1993年起的戴森牌DC01行為正直的人，價格￡200.正如我們預料，人們不買一個真空吸塵器真空清潔器的兩倍的價格，但它后來正常清潔劑清潔就成了最受歡迎的英國吸塵器。</

82、p><p>　　不要使用塑料袋狀況而不是清潔劑、塵收集在一個拆、圓柱集水容器。空氣和灰塵吹在高速收集容器，在一個方向切，創(chuàng)造了一種容器壁的漩渦。塵埃顆粒和其他殘骸搬到外面的血管離心力在那里他們下跌的原因，從地心引力，以及清潔空氣漩渦的中心而被開發(fā)出這臺機器后，通過了一系列的先后更精細過濾器在頂部的容器。第一個過濾器的目的是陷阱粒子構成，可能損害后續(xù)濾波器，消除細塵埃顆粒。過濾器必須經常被清洗或更換，以確保機器的繼續(xù)執(zhí)

83、行效率。自從戴森牌，還有一些其他的公司采取了旋風模組，包括胡佛，分別是尤里卡、伊萊克斯等，和最便宜的模型比傳統(tǒng)不在昂貴的清潔劑。</p><p>　　在2000年初幾個公司研制出了機器人的真空吸塵器。一些例子是房間自動吸塵機器和地板吸塵。這些機器推進器模式在自己在地板，清洗表面灰塵和碎片射向他們垃圾箱。他們通常會在游走在附近家具，找到他們的充電的電臺。大多數(shù)機器人吸塵器都在家庭使用，盡管有更有能力模型操作的寫字樓