工程管理外文翻譯--建筑施工混凝土裂縫的預防與處理

1、<p><b>　　中文4900字</b></p><p>　　建筑施工混凝土裂縫的預防與處理</p><p>　　Building construction concrete crack of</p><p>　　Prevention and processing</p><p><b>　　Abs

2、tract</b></p><p>　　The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar cra

3、ck problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. </p><p>　　Keyword: Concrete crack prevention processing</p><p><b

4、>　　Foreword</b></p><p>　　Concrete's is 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all ma

5、terial. Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginnin

6、g start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.</p><p>　　Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of, because of crack of

7、 existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti- Shen ability, influence building of external ap

8、pearance, service life, severity will threat arrive people's life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineerings is because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result th</p><p>　

9、　Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of crack: Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack; Have outsid

10、e carry the crack that the function cause; Protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect. Want differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, work out a problem according to the ac

11、tual circumstance.</p><p>　　In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention</p><p>　　Stem Suo crack and prevention</p><p>　　Stem the Suo crack much appear after th

12、e concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a week.In the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is can

13、9;t negative.Stem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condi

14、tion of influence, surfac</p><p>　　Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption,

15、 lower the dosage of cement.Two is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as fa

16、r as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of r</p><p>　　2.The Su constringency crack and prevention</p><p>　　Su constringency is the

17、 concrete is before condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creation of constringency.The Su constringency crack is general at dry heat or strong wind the weather appear, crack's much presenting in the ce

18、nter breadth, both ends be in the centerthin and the length be different, with each other not coherent appearance.Shorter crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.It creation of

19、main reason is:The concrete is eventually</p><p>　　Main prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or common the Huo sour brine mir

20、e.Two is strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.Three is to sprinkle before bui

21、lding concrete, water basic level and template even to soak through.Four is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of</p><p>　　3.Sink to sink crack and prevention</p><p>　　The creation wh

22、ich sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Per

23、haps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil tur

24、n jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to</p><p>　　Main prevention measure:One is rightness loose soft soil, return to fill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry o

25、n necessity of Hang solid with reinforce.Two is the strength that assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint even.Three is keep concrete from sprinkle inf

26、using the foundation in the process is soak by water.Four is time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to not</p><p>　　4.Temperature crack and prevention</p><p>　　Temperat

27、ure crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth area of the concrete structure.Concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening t

28、he process, cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 17500-27500 kJ and make concrete

29、internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 ℃ </p><p>　　The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation, big area structure the crack often maneuver interleave;The size bigger str

30、ucture of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more;Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side

31、cent the segment appear, in the center more airtight.Crack width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence m</p><p>　　Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to us

32、e low hot or medium hot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement...etc..Two is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kg/m 3 following.Three is t

33、o lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below 0.6.Four is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. &l

34、t;/p><p>　　5.Crack and prevention that the chemical reaction cause</p><p>　　Alkali bone's anticipating the crack that reaction crack and reinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar

35、in the reinforced concrete structure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack.</p><p>　　The concrete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescence ion, these ion with some activity the bone ant

36、icipate creation chemical reaction and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume enlarge, make concrete crisp loose, inflation open crack.In this kind of crack general emergence concrete structu

37、re usage period, once appear very difficult remediable, so should at under construction adopt valid the measure carry on prevention.Main of prevention measure:While being </p><p>　　Because the concrete sprin

38、kle to build, flap Dao bad perhaps is a reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the harmful material get into concrete to make reinforcing bar creation rust eclipse, the reinforcing bar physical volume of the rust ecli

39、pse inflation, cause concrete bulge crack, the crack of this kind type much is a crack lengthways, follow the position of reinforcing bar appear.Usually of prevent measure from have:One is assurance reinforcing bar prote

40、ction the thickness of the layer.T</p><p>　　Crack processing</p><p>　　The emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole with just degree, return will cause the rust eclipse

41、of reinforcing bar, acceleration concrete of carbonization, lower durable and anti- of concrete tired, anti- Shen ability.Therefore according to the property of crack and concrete circumstance we want differentiation to

42、treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage.</p><p>　　The repair measure of the concrete crack is main to have the following some method:Surface repair method, infuse syrup, the Qian s

43、ew method, the structure reinforce a method, concrete displacement method, electricity chemistry protection method and imitate to living from heal method.</p><p>　　Surface repair the method be a kind of simp

44、le, familiar of repair method, it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability don't have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack of processing.The processing measure that is usual

45、ly is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under

46、 the influence of var</p><p>　　1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method</p><p>　　Infuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to have influence or have already defend Shen request t

47、o the structure whole of repair, it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot the material harden behind and concrete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of pu

48、rpose.The in common use gum knot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C Xi sour ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to learn material.</p><p>　　The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a k

49、ind of most in common use method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of purpose.The in common use Su material has PVC gum mire, plas

50、tics ointment, the D Ji rubber etc.;In common use rigid water material is the polymer cement sand syrup.</p><p>　　2, the structure reinforce a method</p><p>　　When the crack influence arrive con

51、crete structure of function, will consideration adopt to reinforce a method to carry on processing to the concrete structure.The structure reinforce medium in common use main have the following a few method:The piece of

52、enlargement concrete structure in every aspect accumulate, outside the Cape department of the Gou piece pack type steel, adoption prepare should the dint method reinforce, glue to stick steel plate to reinforce, increase

53、 to establish fulcrum to </p><p>　　3, concrete displacement method</p><p>　　Concrete displacement method is processing severity damage concrete of a kind of valid method, this method be first wi

54、ll damage of the concrete pick and get rid of, then again displacement go into new of concrete or other material.The in common use displacement material have:Common concrete or the cement sand syrup, polymer or change se

55、x polymer concrete or sand syrup.</p><p>　　4, the electricity chemistry protection method</p><p>　　The electricity chemistry antisepsis is to make use of infliction electric field in lie the qua

56、lity of electricity chemical effect, change concrete or reinforced concrete the environment appearance of the place, the bluntness turn reinforcing bar to attain the purpose of antisepsis.Cathode protection method, chlor

57、ine salt's withdrawing a method, alkalescence to recover a method is a chemistry protection method in three kinds of in common use but valid method.The advantage of this kind of method </p><p>　　5, imita

58、te to living from legal more</p><p>　　Imitate to living from heal the method be a kind of new crack treatment, its mimicry living creature organization secrete a certain material towards suffering wound part

59、 auto, but make the wound part heal of function, join some and special composition(such as contain to glue knot of the liquid Xin fiber or capsule) in the concrete of the tradition the composition, at concrete inner part

60、 formation the intelligence type imitate to living from heal nerve network system, be the concrete appear crack</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　The crack is widespread in the concrete structure exi

61、stence of a kind of phenomenon, it of emergence not only will lower the anti- Shen of building ability, influence building of usage function, and will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concr

62、ete, lower the durable of material, influence building of loading ability, so want to carry on to the concrete crack earnest research, differentiation treat, adoption reasonable of the method carry on processing, and at

63、under c</p><p>　　From《CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING》</p><p>　　建筑施工混凝土裂縫的預防與處理</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　混凝土的裂縫問題是一個普遍存在而又難于解決的工程實際問題，本文對混凝土工程中常見的一

64、些裂縫問題進行了探討分析，并針對具體情況提出了一些預防、處理措施。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：混凝土 裂縫 預防 處理</p><p><b>　　前言</b></p><p>　　混凝土是一種由砂石骨料、水泥、水及其他外加材料混合而形成的非均質(zhì)脆性材料。由于混凝土施工和本身變形、約束等一系列問題，硬化成型的混凝土中存在著眾多的微孔隙、氣穴和

65、微裂縫，正是由于這些初始缺陷的存在才使混凝土呈現(xiàn)出一些非均質(zhì)的特性。微裂縫通常是一種無害裂縫，對混凝土的承重、防滲及其他一些使用功能不產(chǎn)生危害。但是在混凝土受到荷載、溫差等作用之后，微裂縫就會不斷的擴展和連通，最終形成我們?nèi)庋劭梢姷暮暧^裂縫，也就是混凝土工程中常說的裂縫。</p><p>　　混凝土建筑和構(gòu)件通常都是帶縫工作的，由于裂縫的存在和發(fā)展通常會使內(nèi)部的鋼筋等材料產(chǎn)生腐蝕，降低鋼筋混凝土材料的承載能力、耐

66、久性及抗?jié)B能力，影響建筑物的外觀、使用壽命，嚴重者將會威脅到人們的生命和財產(chǎn)安全。很多工程的失事都是由于裂縫的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)展所致。近代科學研究和大量的混凝土工程實踐證明，在混凝土工程中裂縫問題是不可避免的，在一定的范圍內(nèi)也是可以接受的，只是要采取有效的措施將其危害程度控制在一定的范圍之內(nèi)。鋼筋混凝土規(guī)范也明確規(guī)定：有些結(jié)構(gòu)在所處的不同條件下，允許存在一定寬度的裂縫。但在施工中應盡量采取有效措施控制裂縫產(chǎn)生，使結(jié)構(gòu)盡可能不出現(xiàn)裂縫或盡量減少裂

67、縫的數(shù)量和寬度，尤其要盡量避免有害裂縫的出現(xiàn)，從而確保工程質(zhì)量。</p><p>　　混凝土裂縫產(chǎn)生的原因很多，有變形引起的裂縫：如溫度變化、收縮、膨脹、不均勻沉陷等原因引起的裂縫；有外載作用引起的裂縫；有養(yǎng)護環(huán)境不當和化學作用引起的裂縫等等。在實際工程中要區(qū)別對待，根據(jù)實際情況解決問題。</p><p>　　混凝土工程中常見裂縫及預防:</p><p><b

68、>　　1.干縮裂縫及預防</b></p><p>　　干縮裂縫多出現(xiàn)在混凝土養(yǎng)護結(jié)束后的一段時間或是混凝土澆筑完畢后的一周左右。水泥漿中水分的蒸發(fā)會產(chǎn)生干縮，且這種收縮是不可逆的。干縮裂縫的產(chǎn)生主要是由于混凝土內(nèi)外水分蒸發(fā)程度不同而導致變形不同的結(jié)果：混凝土受外部條件的影響，表面水分損失過快，變形較大，內(nèi)部濕度變化較小變形較小，較大的表面干縮變形受到混凝土內(nèi)部約束，產(chǎn)生較大拉應力而產(chǎn)生裂縫。相對

69、濕度越低，水泥漿體干縮越大，干縮裂縫越易產(chǎn)生。干縮裂縫多為表面性的平行線狀或網(wǎng)狀淺細裂縫，寬度多在0.05-0.2mm之間，大體積混凝土中平面部位多見，較薄的梁板中多沿其短向分布。干縮裂縫通常會影響混凝土的抗?jié)B性，引起鋼筋的銹蝕影響混凝土的耐久性，在水壓力的作用下會產(chǎn)生水力劈裂影響混凝土的承載力等等?；炷粮煽s主要和混凝土的水灰比、水泥的成分、水泥的用量、集料的性質(zhì)和用量、外加劑的用量等有關(guān)。</p><p>　

70、　主要預防措施：一是選用收縮量較小的水泥，一般采用中低熱水泥和粉煤灰水泥，降低水泥的用量。二是混凝土的干縮受水灰比的影響較大，水灰比越大，干縮越大，因此在混凝土配合比設計中應盡量控制好水灰比的選用，同時摻加合適的減水劑。三是嚴格控制混凝土攪拌和施工中的配合比，混凝土的用水量絕對不能大于配合比設計所給定的用水量。四是加強混凝土的早期養(yǎng)護，并適當延長混凝土的養(yǎng)護時間。冬季施工時要適當延長混凝土保溫覆蓋時間，并涂刷養(yǎng)護劑養(yǎng)護。五是在混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)

71、中設置合適的收縮縫。</p><p>　　2.塑性收縮裂縫及預防</p><p>　　塑性收縮是指混凝土在凝結(jié)之前，表面因失水較快而產(chǎn)生的收縮。塑性收縮裂縫一般在干熱或大風天氣出現(xiàn)，裂縫多呈中間寬、兩端細且長短不一，互不連貫狀態(tài)。較短的裂縫一般長20-30cm，較長的裂縫可達2-3m，寬1-5mm.其產(chǎn)生的主要原因為：混凝土在終凝前幾乎沒有強度或強度很小，或者混凝土剛剛終凝而強度很小時，受

72、高溫或較大風力的影響，混凝土表面失水過快，造成毛細管中產(chǎn)生較大的負壓而使混凝土體積急劇收縮，而此時混凝土的強度又無法抵抗其本身收縮，因此產(chǎn)生龜裂。影響混凝土塑性收縮開裂的主要因素有水灰比、混凝土的凝結(jié)時間、環(huán)境溫度、風速、相對濕度等等。</p><p>　　主要預防措施：一是選用干縮值較小早期強度較高的硅酸鹽或普通硅酸鹽水泥。二是嚴格控制水灰比，摻加高效減水劑來增加混凝土的坍落度和和易性，減少水泥及水的用量。三是

73、澆筑混凝土之前，將基層和模板澆水均勻濕透。四是及時覆蓋塑料薄膜或者潮濕的草墊、麻片等，保持混凝土終凝前表面濕潤，或者在混凝土表面噴灑養(yǎng)護劑等進行養(yǎng)護。五是在高溫和大風天氣要設置遮陽和擋風設施，及時養(yǎng)護。</p><p><b>　　3.沉陷裂縫及預防</b></p><p>　　沉陷裂縫的產(chǎn)生是由于結(jié)構(gòu)地基土質(zhì)不勻、松軟或回填土不實或浸水而造成不均勻沉降所致；或者因為

74、模板剛度不足，模板支撐間距過大或支撐底部松動等導致，特別是在冬季，模板支撐在凍土上，凍土化凍后產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降，致使混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生裂縫。此類裂縫多為深進或貫穿性裂縫，其走向與沉陷情況有關(guān)，一般沿與地面垂直或呈30°-45°角方向發(fā)展，較大的沉陷裂縫，往往有一定的錯位，裂縫寬度往往與沉降量成正比關(guān)系。裂縫寬度受溫度變化的影響較小。地基變形穩(wěn)定之后，沉陷裂縫也基本趨于穩(wěn)定。</p><p>　　主要

75、預防措施：一是對松軟土、回填土地基在上部結(jié)構(gòu)施工前應進行必要的夯實和加固。二是保證模板有足夠的強度和剛度，且支撐牢固，并使地基受力均勻。三是防止混凝土澆灌過程中地基被水浸泡。四是模板拆除的時間不能太早，且要注意拆模的先后次序。五是在凍土上搭設模板時要注意采取一定的預防措施。</p><p><b>　　4.溫度裂縫及預防</b></p><p>　　溫度裂縫多發(fā)生在大

76、體積混凝土表面或溫差變化較大地區(qū)的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中。混凝土澆筑后，在硬化過程中，水泥水化產(chǎn)生大量的水化熱，（當水泥用量在350-550 kg/m3，每立方米混凝土將釋放出17500-27500kJ的熱量，從而使混凝土內(nèi)部溫度升達70℃左右甚至更高）。由于混凝土的體積較大，大量的水化熱聚積在混凝土內(nèi)部而不易散發(fā)，導致內(nèi)部溫度急劇上升，而混凝土表面散熱較快，這樣就形成內(nèi)外的較大溫差，較大的溫差造成內(nèi)部與外部熱脹冷縮的程度不同，使混凝土表面產(chǎn)生一

77、定的拉應力。當拉應力超過混凝土的抗拉強度極限時，混凝土表面就會產(chǎn)生裂縫，這種裂縫多發(fā)生在混凝土施工中后期。在混凝土的施工中當溫差變化較大，或者是混凝土受到寒潮的襲擊等，會導致混凝土表面溫度急劇下降，而產(chǎn)生收縮，表面收縮的混凝土受內(nèi)部混凝土的約束，將產(chǎn)生很大的拉應力而產(chǎn)生裂縫，這種裂縫通常只在混凝土表面較淺的范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生。</p><p>　　溫度裂縫的走向通常無一定規(guī)律，大面積結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫?？v橫交錯；梁板類長度尺寸較大

78、的結(jié)構(gòu)，裂縫多平行于短邊；深入和貫穿性的溫度裂縫一般與短邊方向平行或接近平行，裂縫沿著長邊分段出現(xiàn)，中間較密。裂縫寬度大小不一，受溫度變化影響較為明顯，冬季較寬，夏季較窄。高溫膨脹引起的混凝土溫度裂縫是通常中間粗兩端細，而冷縮裂縫的粗細變化不太明顯。此種裂縫的出現(xiàn)會引起鋼筋的銹蝕，混凝土的碳化，降低混凝土的抗凍融、抗疲勞及抗?jié)B能力等。</p><p>　　主要預防措施：一是盡量選用低熱或中熱水泥，如礦渣水泥、粉煤

79、灰水泥等。二是減少水泥用量，將水泥用量盡量控制在450kg/m3以下。三是降低水灰比，一般混凝土的水灰比控制在0.6以下。四是改善骨料級配，摻加粉煤灰或高效減水劑等來減少水泥用量，降低水化熱。五是改善混凝土的攪拌加工工藝，降低混凝土的澆筑溫度。六是在混凝土中摻加一定量的具有減水、增塑、緩凝等作用的外加劑，改善混凝土拌合物的流動性、保水性，降低水化熱，推遲熱峰的出現(xiàn)時間。七是高溫季節(jié)澆筑時可以采用搭設遮陽板等輔助措施控制混凝土的溫升，降低

80、澆筑混凝土的溫度。八是大體積混凝土的溫度應力與結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸相關(guān)，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸越大，溫度應力越大，因此要合理安排施工工序，分層、分塊澆筑，以利于散熱，減小約束。九是在大體積混凝土內(nèi)部設置冷卻管道，通冷水或者冷氣冷卻，減小混凝土的內(nèi)外溫差。十是加強混凝土溫度的監(jiān)控，及時采取冷卻、保護措施。十一是預留溫度收縮縫。十二是減小約束，澆筑混凝土前宜在基巖和老混凝土上鋪設5mm左右的砂墊層或使用瀝青等材料涂刷。十三是加強混凝土養(yǎng)護，混凝土澆筑后，及時用

81、濕潤的草簾、麻片等覆蓋，并注意灑水養(yǎng)護，適當延長養(yǎng)護時間，保證</p><p>　　5.化學反應引起的裂縫及預防</p><p>　　堿骨料反應裂縫和鋼筋銹蝕引起的裂縫是鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中最常見的由于化學反應而引起的裂縫。</p><p>　　混凝土拌和后會產(chǎn)生一些堿性離子，這些離子與某些活性骨料產(chǎn)生化學反應并吸收周圍環(huán)境中的水而體積增大，造成混凝土酥松、膨脹開裂。這

82、種裂縫一般出現(xiàn)中混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)使用期間，一旦出現(xiàn)很難補救，因此應在施工中采取有效措施進行預防。主要的預防措施：一是選用堿活性小的砂石骨料。二是選用低堿水泥和低堿或無堿的外加劑。三是選用合適的摻和料抑制堿骨料反應。</p><p>　　由于混凝土澆筑、振搗不良或者是鋼筋保護層較薄，有害物質(zhì)進入混凝土使鋼筋產(chǎn)生銹蝕，銹蝕的鋼筋體積膨脹，導致混凝土脹裂，此種類型的裂縫多為縱向裂縫，沿鋼筋的位置出現(xiàn)。通常的預防措施有：一是保

83、證鋼筋保護層的厚度。二是混凝土級配要良好。三是混凝土澆注要振搗密實。四是鋼筋表層涂刷防腐涂料。</p><p><b>　　裂縫處理</b></p><p>　　裂縫的出現(xiàn)不但會影響結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性和剛度，還會引起鋼筋的銹蝕、加速混凝土的碳化、降低混凝土的耐久性和抗疲勞、抗?jié)B能力。因此根據(jù)裂縫的性質(zhì)和具體情況我們要區(qū)別對待、及時處理，以保證建筑物的安全使用。</p&

84、gt;<p>　　混凝土裂縫的修補措施主要有以下一些方法：表面修補法，灌漿、嵌縫封堵法，結(jié)構(gòu)加固法，混凝土置換法，電化學防護法以及仿生自愈合法。</p><p>　　表面修補法是一種簡單、常見的修補方法，它主要適用于穩(wěn)定和對結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力沒有影響的表面裂縫以及深進裂縫的處理。通常的處理措施是在裂縫的表面涂抹水泥漿、環(huán)氧膠泥或在混凝土表面涂刷油漆、瀝青等防腐材料，在防護的同時為了防止混凝土受各種作用的影

85、響繼續(xù)開裂，通常可以采用在裂縫的表面粘貼玻璃纖維布等措施。</p><p>　　1、灌漿、嵌縫封堵法</p><p>　　灌漿法主要適用于對結(jié)構(gòu)整體性有影響或有防滲要求的混凝土裂縫的修補，它是利用壓力設備將膠結(jié)材料壓入混凝土的裂縫中，膠結(jié)材料硬化后與混凝土形成一個整體，從而起到封堵加固的目的。常用的膠結(jié)材料有水泥漿、環(huán)氧樹脂、甲基丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯等化學材料。</p><

86、p>　　嵌縫法是裂縫封堵中最常用的一種方法，它通常是沿裂縫鑿槽，在槽中嵌填塑性或剛性止水材料，以達到封閉裂縫的目的。常用的塑性材料有聚氯乙烯膠泥、塑料油膏、丁基橡膠等等；常用的剛性止水材料為聚合物水泥砂漿。</p><p><b>　　2、結(jié)構(gòu)加固法</b></p><p>　　當裂縫影響到混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的性能時，就要考慮采取加固法對混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)進行處理。結(jié)構(gòu)加固中常

87、用的主要有以下幾種方法：加大混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的截面面積，在構(gòu)件的角部外包型鋼、采用預應力法加固、粘貼鋼板加固、增設支點加固以及噴射混凝土補強加固。</p><p><b>　　3、混凝土置換法</b></p><p>　　混凝土置換法是處理嚴重損壞混凝土的一種有效方法，此方法是先將損壞的混凝土剔除，然后再置換入新的混凝土或其他材料。常用的置換材料有：普通混凝土或水泥砂漿、聚

88、合物或改性聚合物混凝土或砂漿。</p><p><b>　　4、電化學防護法</b></p><p>　　電化學防腐是利用施加電場在介質(zhì)中的電化學作用，改變混凝土或鋼筋混凝土所處的環(huán)境狀態(tài)，鈍化鋼筋，以達到防腐的目的。陰極防護法、氯鹽提取法、堿性復原法是化學防護法中常用而有效的三種方法。這種方法的優(yōu)點是防護方法受環(huán)境因素的影響較小，適用鋼筋、混凝土的長期防腐，既可用于

89、已裂結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于新建結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p><b>　　5、仿生自愈合法</b></p><p>　　仿生自愈合法是一種新的裂縫處理方法，它模仿生物組織對受創(chuàng)傷部位自動分泌某種物質(zhì)，而使創(chuàng)傷部位得到愈合的機能，在混凝土的傳統(tǒng)成分中加入某些特殊成分（如含粘結(jié)劑的液芯纖維或膠囊），在混凝土內(nèi)部形成智能型仿生自愈合神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)，當混凝土出現(xiàn)裂縫時分泌出部分液芯纖維可使裂縫重

90、新愈合。</p><p><b>　　結(jié) 論</b></p><p>　　裂縫是混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象，它的出現(xiàn)不僅會降低建筑物的抗?jié)B能力，影響建筑物的使用功能，而且會引起鋼筋的銹蝕，混凝土的碳化，降低材料的耐久性，影響建筑物的承載能力，因此要對混凝土裂縫進行認真研究、區(qū)別對待，采用合理的方法進行處理，并在施工中采取各種有效的預防措施來預防裂縫的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展，保