流體傳動(dòng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p><b>　　一、英文原文</b></p><p>　　Transmission of fluid</p><p>　　Former statement fluid transmission is including gas (pressure) transmi

2、ssion and liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission into liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission and fluid Nien transmission. Hydraulic transmission based on the interior market, the pressure to be able to impart i

3、mpetus liquid; Hydraulic transmission based on Oula equation to the liquid changes to the short wheel drive transmission; For Newton, Nien transmission fluid friction law, the sticky liquid to impart dynamism </p>

4、<p>　　Hydraulic transmission is the basic hydraulic components and hydraulic Bianjuqi coupled device. Hydraulic coupled devices are a fundamental component of a number of radial plane leaves, a work of the pump and

5、 turbine round. Hydraulic transmission oil in the work of the cycle of high-speed mobile transmission power, oil pumps round her so involved with the campaign because centrifugal force role do centrifuge campaign from pu

6、mps round (and imported axis) and to absorb mechanical energy into momen</p><p>　　My hydraulic components in the development of faster, 2003 hydraulic coupled devices produced about 70,000 National Taiwan. W

7、idely used for Daishishusongji, rail carriers, ball mill, air-compressors, compressors, pumps and fuel pumps, and other equipment, transmission, improve transmission quality and energy conservation. My hydraulic coupled

8、with the current maximum output rotational speed for 6500r/min, minimum power to 0.3kW, the maximum power to 7100kW. Hydraulic trend is coupled with a high</p><p>　　International hydraulic coupled device pro

9、ducts to the most famous German Fuk under special company, according to information that has reached 20000r/min rotational speed and power to 55000kW products, which are still visible in considerable gap.</p><

10、p>　　Of course, the power of the big oil hydraulic components for hydraulic transmission requirements higher. Hydraulic Bianjuqi mainly for engineering machinery, machinery and diesel oil. Hydraulic Bianjuqi main inter

11、nal combustion engine with matching applications, the scope of its rotational speed in 2000~3000r/min. Mechanical engineering applications more, the greatest power 700HP about output about 70,000 Taiwan. Oil machinery ap

12、plications less power to 1500HP. Diesel applications less power up </p><p>　　Nien transmission fluid is a liquid transmission doors emerging disciplines in the country are still at an infancy stage. Because

13、liquid Nien transmission products (such as fluid mechanics using Nien) and hydraulic transmission products (such as governor-hydraulic coupled device) Notwithstanding the different nature, but because of similar performa

14、nce and the same purposes (governor energy), in a number of technical activities (such as the formulation of development plans, standards, technology </p><p>　　Firstly, the performance characteristics of the

15、 oil and hydraulic transmission hydraulic transmission oil development not only as a transmission medium for work, but also to provide lubrication bearings and gear while the carrier is further bad fever, heat away. Hydr

16、aulic transmission oil is a complex and require specialized research topics, which is directly related to the reliability of hydraulic components, transmission efficiency and service life. Should arouse the attention of

17、extensive in-</p><p>　　Hydraulic transmission oil should meet the following requirements: First. A suitable low-viscosity liquid viscosity, liquid indicate friction within small, mobile resistance small loss

18、 may reduce hydraulic components hydraulic losses; But lubricant sealed perspective, the viscosity can not be too low. Provide lubrication and therefore should meet the requirements of sealed premise as a low-viscosity l

19、iquid to improve hydraulic components transmission efficiency. Wen Xing Nien also called liquid </p><p>　　At present, and hydraulic transmission applications work more liquid types, among all oil-based produ

20、cts, has used the water or other liquid Nanran (coal mine explosion and fire in defense applications). Domestic hydraulic components commonly used 6th hydraulic transmission oil (also useful 8th hydraulic transmission oi

21、l), and sometimes to 22 turbine fuel substitution</p><p>　　Diesel oil is dedicated to the life of not less than 2,000 hours and for the initial operation of new equipment installed oil after 100 hours and 50

22、0 hours of the first, second formula, can still be used after the filter. </p><p>　　Is one of the following situations, the need to replace the new oil : Water content greater than 0.2%; 50 degrees in the ne

23、w oil viscosity higher than 6% mounted; Mechanical impurities (benzene Burong objects) to reach 0.2%; A high lipid intake or Suanzhi; Excessive bubble effects transmission power. More articles on the diesel-hydraulic tra

24、nsmission oil outside the oil will definitely reference value. Second, Transmission and hydraulic oil brands in (slightly) Third, Fluid Nien transmission of </p><p>　　Firstly, Fluid mechanics using Nien and

25、transmission oil fluid mechanics using Nien through its owners, driven friction between the film to a number of oil transmission power, relying on the apparent effectiveness initiative friction films "draw" dri

26、ven friction with the direction of rotation films, transmission moment with oil viscosity, two films - "goes bad" proportional, and with oil thickness (films gap) negatively. Initiative friction films and impor

27、ted axle and power machine linked to the</p><p>　　Engine in the appropriate temperature can be higher fuel efficiency, overheating is not too cold. Automotive firm to offer fans of silicone oil and engine li

28、nked driven sites linked with the fans, for liquid silicone oil viscosity larger. On temperature devices for cooling water to control the rear airflow temperature feelings Chongyou volume. When the engine cooling water t

29、emperature low, the air currents temperature low temperature equipment made Chongyou small amount of oil sheared small size</p><p>　　Silicone oil used silicone oil is a fan using synthetic lubricants, not pe

30、troleum refining come from. It is the semi-organic silicon polymers or copolymer, containing duplicate silicon modules for yuan oxygen machine backbone, and the silicon atoms along the chain, replace clustering levonorge

31、strel, the general chain-guns. To meet the prescribed performance requirements, availability of different organic polymers to replace the base elements or the size of the adjustment (that is, to change its </p>&l

32、t;p>　　Silicone oil depends on the physical properties of polymer molecular structure, such as molecular weight, organic genetic types and quantity, location and length of extension chain. In the liquid oil thickness c

33、onstant use silicone oil Nien transmission of the main reasons is that it has a high viscosity, good performance and strong resistance Nien Wen sheared capacity.</p><p>　　Silicone oil can be used in all type

34、s of vehicles using fans, currently our applications are mainly jeeps, and other vehicles Beijing 130. Motor oil production plant with Beijing and Changchun First Automobile Works Bengchang units.</p><p><

35、;b>　　二、英文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　流體傳動(dòng)</b></p><p>　　流體傳動(dòng)包括氣體(壓)傳動(dòng)和液體傳動(dòng)，液體傳動(dòng)分為液壓傳動(dòng)、液力傳動(dòng)和液粘傳動(dòng)。液壓傳動(dòng)基于帕卡定律，以液體的壓能來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力；液力傳動(dòng)基于歐拉方程，以液體動(dòng)量短的變化來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力；液粘傳動(dòng)基于牛頓內(nèi)摩擦定律，以液體的粘性來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力。</p>

36、<p>　　液力傳動(dòng)的基本元件是液力偶合器和液力變矩器。液力偶合器的基本構(gòu)件是具有若干徑向平面葉片的、構(gòu)成工作腔的泵輪和渦輪。液力傳動(dòng)油在工作腔里高速循環(huán)流動(dòng)傳遞動(dòng)力，油液隨從泵輪做牽連運(yùn)動(dòng)的同時(shí)因受離心力作用而做離心運(yùn)動(dòng)，從泵輪(及輸入軸)吸收機(jī)械能并轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)量矩(mVR)增量，高速液流從泵輪沖入渦輪做向心流動(dòng)釋放動(dòng)量矩，推動(dòng)渦輪(及輸出軸)旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)工作機(jī)(及負(fù)載)做功。液力變矩器的基本構(gòu)件是泵輪、渦輪和導(dǎo)輪，它們均是具有

37、空間(彎曲)葉片的工作輪，按相關(guān)順序排列構(gòu)成工作腔。液力傳動(dòng)油在工作腔中被泵輪渦輪攪動(dòng)，使液流獲得動(dòng)量矩增量，經(jīng)過(guò)導(dǎo)輪調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)液流方向后沖入渦輪，釋放動(dòng)量矩(動(dòng)能)推動(dòng)渦輪帶動(dòng)工作機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)做功。</p><p>　　我國(guó)液力元件近年發(fā)展較快，2003年液力偶合器的全國(guó)年產(chǎn)量約7萬(wàn)臺(tái)。廣泛應(yīng)用于帶式輸送機(jī)、刮板輸送機(jī)、球磨機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)、壓縮機(jī)、水泵和油泵等設(shè)備的傳動(dòng)中，提高傳動(dòng)品質(zhì)并節(jié)約能源。當(dāng)前我國(guó)液力偶合器的最高輸出轉(zhuǎn)速

38、為6500r/min，最小功率為0.3kW，最大功率為7100kW。液力偶合器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是高轉(zhuǎn)速、大功率。</p><p>　　國(guó)際上液力偶合器產(chǎn)品以德國(guó)福依特公司最為著名，據(jù)資料稱(chēng)已有轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)20000r/min、功率達(dá)55000kW的產(chǎn)品，可見(jiàn)我國(guó)與之尚有相當(dāng)大的差距。當(dāng)然，功率大的液力元件對(duì)液力傳動(dòng)油的要求較高。液力變矩器主要用于工程機(jī)械、石油機(jī)械和內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(chē)。液力變矩器主要與內(nèi)燃機(jī)匹配應(yīng)用，其轉(zhuǎn)速范圍在200

39、0～3000r/min。工程機(jī)械應(yīng)用較多，最大功率700HP左右，年產(chǎn)量約7萬(wàn)臺(tái)。石油機(jī)械應(yīng)用較少，功率達(dá)1500HP。內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(chē)應(yīng)用更少，功率高達(dá)3000HP。</p><p>　　液粘傳動(dòng)是液體傳動(dòng)一門(mén)新興學(xué)科，在我國(guó)尚處于起步階段。由于液粘傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品(如液粘調(diào)速離合器)與液力傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品(如調(diào)速型液力偶合器)雖有本質(zhì)上的不同，但由于有相似的性能和相同的用途(調(diào)速節(jié)能)，在若干技術(shù)活動(dòng)(如制訂發(fā)展規(guī)劃、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)管理

40、、訂貨活動(dòng)等)中均被視為同一類(lèi)型，與液力行業(yè)有共性，故本文另辟章節(jié)介紹其產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和傳動(dòng)用油。</p><p>　　一、液力傳動(dòng)油的性能特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展</p><p>　　液力傳動(dòng)油作為工作介質(zhì)不僅傳遞動(dòng)力，而且還用以潤(rùn)滑軸承和齒輪，同時(shí)又是滑差熱的載體，帶走熱量。液力傳動(dòng)油是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而需專(zhuān)門(mén)研究的課題，它直接關(guān)系到液力元件的可靠性、傳動(dòng)效率和使用壽命。應(yīng)引起人們的重視，展開(kāi)廣泛深入的研究。液力

41、傳動(dòng)油應(yīng)能滿(mǎn)足以下要求：</p><p><b>　　1、要有適宜的粘度</b></p><p>　　液體粘度低，表明液體內(nèi)摩擦小，流動(dòng)阻力損失小，可減少液力元件的液力損失；但從潤(rùn)滑密封角度考慮，粘度不能過(guò)低。因此應(yīng)在滿(mǎn)足潤(rùn)滑和密封要求前提下，盡量采用粘度低的液體，以提高液力元件傳動(dòng)效率。同時(shí)要求液體粘溫性要好，以便在高溫或低溫時(shí)仍能保持有效的潤(rùn)滑和密封。</p

42、><p><b>　　2、要有較大的重度</b></p><p>　　由于液力元件傳遞的力矩和功率與工作液體的重度成正比，故液體重度越高越好。 </p><p><b>　　3、性能穩(wěn)定</b></p><p>　　不易產(chǎn)生泡沫、老化和沉淀。</p><p><b>　

43、　4、酸值要低</b></p><p>　　對(duì)密封件應(yīng)是中性，有良好的相容性，不泡脹，不溶解，對(duì)金屬無(wú)腐蝕作用</p><p>　　5、要有較高的閃點(diǎn)和較低的凝點(diǎn)液力元件工作時(shí)油溫變化幅度很大，有時(shí)可達(dá)160℃，因此要求閃點(diǎn)要高于180℃，而凝點(diǎn)要低-20℃，以利于低溫環(huán)境下液力元件的起動(dòng)。</p><p>　　6、要有良好的潤(rùn)滑性能液體要有足夠的油性，

44、能很好的粘附在零件表面上，起到良好的潤(rùn)滑作用。</p><p>　　目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外液力傳動(dòng)應(yīng)用的工作液體種類(lèi)較多，除各種石油基產(chǎn)品外，也有采用清水或其它難燃液體的(煤礦井下為防引燃爆炸而應(yīng)用)。國(guó)內(nèi)液力元件通常采用6號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油(也有用8號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油的)，有時(shí)以22號(hào)汽輪機(jī)油替代。</p><p>　　內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(chē)有專(zhuān)用油，要求使和壽命不小于2000小時(shí)，要求新設(shè)備裝油初次運(yùn)行100小時(shí)和500

45、小時(shí)之后進(jìn)行第一、第二次換油，進(jìn)行濾清后仍可使用。 </p><p>　　屬下列情況之一時(shí)，需要更換新油： 含水量大于0.2%時(shí)； 在50℃時(shí)的粘度比新油高出6厘沲時(shí)；機(jī)械雜質(zhì)(苯不溶物)達(dá)到0.2%時(shí)；出現(xiàn)水溶性酸堿或有高的酸值時(shí)； 泡沫過(guò)多影響傳動(dòng)功率時(shí)。以上各條對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(chē)專(zhuān)用油以外的液力傳動(dòng)油也有一定的參照價(jià)值。</p><p>　　二、國(guó)內(nèi)外液力傳動(dòng)油的品牌對(duì)照</p>

46、<p>　　三、液粘傳動(dòng)對(duì)傳動(dòng)油的要求</p><p>　　液粘傳動(dòng)可按運(yùn)行中油臘厚度是否變化分為兩大類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是在運(yùn)行中油膜厚度始終不變的液粘傳動(dòng)，如硅油風(fēng)扇離合器油膜厚度是固定的，運(yùn)行中變化工作腔中油液充滿(mǎn)程度以調(diào)節(jié)輸出轉(zhuǎn)速。另一類(lèi)是運(yùn)行中油膜厚度是可變的液粘傳動(dòng)，這類(lèi)液粘傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品包括有液粘調(diào)速離合器、液粘制動(dòng)器、液粘測(cè)功機(jī)、液粘聯(lián)軸器、液粘調(diào)速裝置。當(dāng)前應(yīng)用較多的是液粘調(diào)速離合器、液粘調(diào)速裝置和

47、硅油風(fēng)扇離合器。</p><p>　　液粘調(diào)速離合器與傳動(dòng)油</p><p>　　液粘調(diào)速離合器通過(guò)其主、從動(dòng)摩擦片間的若干油膜來(lái)傳動(dòng)動(dòng)力，依靠油液的粘性主動(dòng)摩擦片“拉著"從動(dòng)摩擦片同方向旋轉(zhuǎn)，傳遞力矩與油液粘度、兩片間“滑差"成正比，而與油膜厚度(片間隙)成反比。主動(dòng)摩擦片及輸入軸與動(dòng)力機(jī)相聯(lián)，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速可視為常量。從動(dòng)摩擦片及輸出軸與工作機(jī)相聯(lián)，輸出轉(zhuǎn)速隨控制壓力而變

48、化，球狀油缸的控制壓力大，則片間油膜變薄，則輸出轉(zhuǎn)速升高，反之亦然。當(dāng)控制壓力足夠大時(shí)，主、從動(dòng)摩擦片粘合，變?yōu)橹甭?lián)傳動(dòng)。當(dāng)控制壓力足夠時(shí)小，主、從動(dòng)摩擦片脫離，則輸出轉(zhuǎn)速為零。在液粘調(diào)速離合器轉(zhuǎn)速比從0→1變化過(guò)程中，片間摩擦狀況呈現(xiàn)出液體摩擦→(機(jī)械一液體)混合摩擦→(純機(jī)械的)邊界摩擦。因此液粘調(diào)速離合器在調(diào)速過(guò)程中有分離工況、調(diào)速工況和接合工況。</p><p>　　工作液體在液粘傳動(dòng)中的作用是傳遞動(dòng)力、

49、冷卻散熱和潤(rùn)滑，應(yīng)具有以下性能:(1)有適宜的粘度。(2)有離好的潤(rùn)滑性能(油性和極壓性)。(3)有良好的氧化安定性。(4)有較高的比熱容和較高的熱導(dǎo)率。除上述要求外，工作液體還應(yīng)具有防銹作用、抗泡沫能力、凝點(diǎn)要低、閃點(diǎn)應(yīng)高、不易揮發(fā)、無(wú)毒等。</p><p>　　目前國(guó)產(chǎn)液粘調(diào)速離合器多采用8號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油為工作液體。當(dāng)前國(guó)產(chǎn)液粘調(diào)速離合器有TL型和HC型，額定轉(zhuǎn)速多為1500r/min，個(gè)別有3000r/min

50、的。傳遞功率最小75kW，最大達(dá)1100kW。</p><p>　　液粘調(diào)速離合器同調(diào)速型液力偶合器一樣，均是在驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速向下調(diào)節(jié)，且在低速時(shí)功率小，效率低。為此在液粘調(diào)速離合器的輸入前或輸出端后加裝齒輪傳動(dòng)，以適應(yīng)與動(dòng)力機(jī)或與工作機(jī)的匹配，如此產(chǎn)生了新的裝置——液粘調(diào)速裝置。</p><p><b>　　液粘調(diào)速裝置</b></p><p&g

51、t;　　當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用的有兩類(lèi)不同結(jié)構(gòu)的液粘調(diào)速裝置，一類(lèi)是美國(guó)費(fèi)城齒輪公司生產(chǎn)的平行軸液粘調(diào)速裝置，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速1785r/min，輸出轉(zhuǎn)速5000r/min，傳遞功率達(dá)5200kW。我國(guó)山西安太堡煤礦的帶式輸送機(jī)用的是較小規(guī)格。其傳動(dòng)油系由美國(guó)帶來(lái)。保定螺旋漿制造廠設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)了與之結(jié)構(gòu)相似的產(chǎn)品。另一類(lèi)是美國(guó)道奇(DODGE)公司的CST液粘調(diào)速裝置，它是在園柱齒輪——行星輪系減速器差動(dòng)輪系的輸出端、與輸出軸(連接太陽(yáng)輪)并行輸出的大齒

52、圈上裝有液粘調(diào)速離合器(從動(dòng)摩擦片固定)，起動(dòng)時(shí)液粘調(diào)速離合器處于分離工況(空轉(zhuǎn))，逐漸加大控制壓力，當(dāng)其傳遞扭矩與輸出軸承受扭矩相等時(shí)，輸出軸(帶負(fù)載)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，繼續(xù)增大控制壓力直至接合工況，則輸出軸承擔(dān)全部動(dòng)力的輸出。CST液粘調(diào)速裝置被稱(chēng)作大型帶式輸送機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，在我國(guó)煤礦大型帶式輸送機(jī)上已有應(yīng)用。CST系列產(chǎn)品，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速1483r/min，額定減速比為15.38～57.66，傳遞功率范圍702～3115kW。CST系列產(chǎn)品由

53、美國(guó)供應(yīng)專(zhuān)用液力傳動(dòng)油。</p><p>　　硅油風(fēng)扇離合器與工作液體</p><p>　　硅油風(fēng)扇離合器的主、從動(dòng)盤(pán)上各有若干緯向環(huán)狀葉片，兩者的環(huán)狀葉片相互交替的插入，構(gòu)成若干園環(huán)狀間隙(油膜)，利用這些間隙中油膜的粘性來(lái)傳遞動(dòng)力。工作過(guò)程中油膜厚度不變，通過(guò)改變充油量和油膜受剪切面積的大小來(lái)調(diào)速。</p><p>　　汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在適宜溫度下才能有較高的燃油效率

54、，過(guò)冷過(guò)熱均不適宜。汽車(chē)用的硅油風(fēng)扇離合器主動(dòng)盤(pán)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相聯(lián)，從動(dòng)盤(pán)與風(fēng)扇相聯(lián)，工作液體為粘度較大的硅油。靠感溫器對(duì)冷卻水箱后方氣流溫度的感受來(lái)控制充油量。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻水溫度低時(shí)，則氣流溫度低，感溫器使充油量小，油膜剪切面積小，傳動(dòng)力矩小，則風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速低，對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻能力低。反之，當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻水溫度高時(shí)，則風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速高，提高對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻效果。這樣可使發(fā)動(dòng)經(jīng)常在最適宜的溫度下工作。燃油效率高，噪聲小，延長(zhǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)使用壽命。</p&g

55、t;<p>　　硅油風(fēng)扇離合器所用硅油是一種合成潤(rùn)滑油，并非由石油提煉得來(lái)。它是一些半有機(jī)硅的聚合物或共聚物，含有重復(fù)的硅氧單元為元機(jī)骨干，并沿著聚合鏈的硅原子上取代烴基，一般不含支鏈。為了滿(mǎn)足規(guī)定的性能要求，可用不同的有機(jī)取代基或調(diào)整聚合物分子的大小(即改變其分子量)，以變化其粘度或獲得其它性能。</p><p>　　硅油的物理性能取決于聚合物的分子結(jié)構(gòu)，如分子量、有機(jī)基因的類(lèi)型和數(shù)量、支鏈的位置