車輛工程文獻(xiàn)翻譯--車輛驅(qū)動(dòng)橋減速器噪音控制問題的研究

1、<p>　　車輛驅(qū)動(dòng)橋減速器噪音控制問題的研究</p><p>　　摘要： 本文對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋單級(jí)主減速器噪音的來源和產(chǎn)生因素進(jìn)行了分類分析，并根據(jù)不同的因素和產(chǎn)生機(jī)理提出了相關(guān)改進(jìn)消除降低噪音的調(diào)整方案。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 后橋主減 噪音 主動(dòng)錐齒輪 被動(dòng)錐齒輪 大小軸承 差速器</p><p><b>　　1 背景</b

2、></p><p>　　隨著各類車輛在人們生活和工作中應(yīng)用越來越普遍，人們對(duì)車輛噪音、震動(dòng)、舒適性等要求也越來越高，車輛在行駛過程中由驅(qū)動(dòng)橋單級(jí)主減速器在運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪音是除了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以外另外一個(gè)較大的噪音來源，如果不進(jìn)行有效的控制將影響駕或者乘人員的駕駛或乘坐舒適性。為對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋單級(jí)主減速器噪音進(jìn)行有效控制，根據(jù)其產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對(duì)該類主減速器進(jìn)行噪音產(chǎn)生分析并在該產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中進(jìn)行過程控制研究。[1]</

3、p><p><b>　　2 噪音類型</b></p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋單級(jí)主減速器在工作過程中，來自傳動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩通過主動(dòng)錐齒輪傳遞給被動(dòng)齒輪，被動(dòng)齒輪由多條螺栓緊固在差速器殼上，被動(dòng)齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩通過半軸齒輪傳遞給兩側(cè)半軸，實(shí)現(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛行駛的目的。</p><p>　　在主減速器工作過程中可能產(chǎn)生的噪音主要分為六種類型： 法蘭盤與傳動(dòng)軸連接后高速旋轉(zhuǎn)

4、時(shí)產(chǎn)生的共振噪音； 小軸承旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪音； 大軸承旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪音； 半軸齒輪與行星齒輪嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的噪音； 主被動(dòng)齒輪嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的噪音；半軸齒輪中間花鍵與半軸配合旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的噪音。[2]</p><p><b>　　3 產(chǎn)生因素與對(duì)策</b></p><p>　　主減速器工作時(shí)各種不同類型的噪音有可能同時(shí)發(fā)生也可能只發(fā)生其中的某一類或幾類，要有效地對(duì)噪音進(jìn)行控制需要

5、對(duì)各環(huán)節(jié)均進(jìn)行有效的過程控制，針對(duì)可能發(fā)生的噪音問題要從各運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)節(jié)分析并采取可調(diào)的方案以便后期產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)后能夠方便快捷的對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行調(diào)整來控制噪音。</p><p>　　根據(jù)噪音產(chǎn)生類型不同，生產(chǎn)過程中常見的控制方法有： </p><p>　　3.1 調(diào)整法蘭盤中間花鍵與主動(dòng)齒輪花鍵配合關(guān)系 </p><p>　　因?yàn)榉ㄌm盤的作用是壓緊小軸承，抵消主動(dòng)齒輪在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)受到

6、的軸向作用力所以在選取法蘭盤內(nèi)部的花鍵配合性質(zhì)時(shí)需要選取小過渡配合以確保鎖緊螺母在鎖緊時(shí)能夠有效地傳遞鎖緊軸向力。</p><p>　　3.2 調(diào)整小軸承內(nèi)圈與主動(dòng)齒輪的配合 </p><p>　　為方便安裝維修目前部分主減速器的小軸承內(nèi)圈與主動(dòng)齒輪的配合性質(zhì)為小間隙配合這樣方便安裝和跟換主齒油封，但是在主減速器工作時(shí)如果采用小間隙配合，當(dāng)起步的時(shí)候法蘭盤傳遞的扭矩突然傳遞給主動(dòng)齒輪，但

7、小軸承內(nèi)圈此時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生相對(duì)措動(dòng)，這種措動(dòng)使擋油盤厚度磨損加劇容易導(dǎo)致小軸承軸向松動(dòng)，從而產(chǎn)生噪音。</p><p>　　如果因?yàn)樾≥S承內(nèi)圈間隙配合產(chǎn)生主動(dòng)齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)擋油盤或隔套或大墊片發(fā)生旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的錯(cuò)動(dòng)，則會(huì)引起因軸向力變小而導(dǎo)致的軸向沖擊，并且這種沖擊在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)條件下會(huì)發(fā)出較大噪音。</p><p>　　3.3 主動(dòng)齒輪的預(yù)緊力調(diào)節(jié) </p><p>　　主動(dòng)齒輪高

8、速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)如果小軸承和大軸承之間的軸向預(yù)緊力選取不合適可能會(huì)造成主動(dòng)齒輪軸向反復(fù)沖擊或大小軸承過早磨損，這既不利于噪音控制也會(huì)降低產(chǎn)品使用壽命，所以主動(dòng)齒輪預(yù)緊力的調(diào)節(jié)非常關(guān)鍵，因隔套墊片等零部件材質(zhì)和熱處理方法不盡相同，故難以確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主動(dòng)齒輪啟動(dòng)力矩，該啟動(dòng)力矩的調(diào)節(jié)可以通過更換大墊片來實(shí)現(xiàn)，隨著零部件加工精度的提高和過程控制穩(wěn)定性的提高，墊片厚度需求范圍也在逐步縮小，如減速器殼加工精度能夠穩(wěn)步上升，不久的將來我們有望看到大墊片厚度不

9、需要調(diào)整，或者隨著材料制作工藝上升我們可直接使用隔套來完成調(diào)整該預(yù)緊的目的。</p><p>　　主動(dòng)齒輪軸向預(yù)緊調(diào)節(jié)是比較復(fù)雜的過程，在選取好合適的大或者小軸承內(nèi)外圈配合精度后需要根據(jù)實(shí)際主動(dòng)齒輪的啟動(dòng)力矩來不斷更換大墊片進(jìn)行反復(fù)拆裝，此種方法使產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)過程變得復(fù)雜和效率低下，所以多數(shù)企業(yè)為加快生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍提高生產(chǎn)效率，采用自動(dòng)選墊機(jī)來實(shí)現(xiàn)該過程。 </p><p>　　3.4 半軸齒輪與行

10、星齒輪嚙合間隙調(diào)節(jié)</p><p>　　半軸齒輪與行星齒輪嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中受齒輪自身加工精度和裝配精度的影響會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同程度的噪音，齒輪加工成型后在裝配環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)齒輪精度修整比較困難，調(diào)節(jié)半軸齒輪和行星齒輪軸向嚙合尺寸可獲取比較合適的嚙合間隙，從而降低由于行星齒輪和半軸齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)嚙合時(shí)產(chǎn)生噪音的幾率。裝配時(shí)可通過半軸齒輪墊片厚度的調(diào)整來獲得理想的嚙合間隙。[3]</p><p>　　3.5 主被動(dòng)齒

11、輪的嚙合間隙的調(diào)節(jié)</p><p>　　主動(dòng)齒輪和被動(dòng)齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)嚙合時(shí)如果嚙合間隙偏大則在高速時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)沖擊噪音，如果間隙偏小主動(dòng)齒輪和被動(dòng)齒輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量的熱量，容易造成齒面燒蝕，降低其使用壽命。被動(dòng)齒輪首先裝配在差速器殼體上，由于被動(dòng)齒輪在差速器殼體徑向的偏差會(huì)導(dǎo)致差速器裝配后被動(dòng)齒輪與主動(dòng)齒輪的間隙變化，所以被動(dòng)齒輪安裝到差速器殼體時(shí)需要使用止口進(jìn)行精確定位。</p><p>　　差

12、速器在轉(zhuǎn)配到減速器之前，需要對(duì)主、被動(dòng)齒輪安裝距進(jìn)行調(diào)整，使其更接近實(shí)際加工安裝距，這樣齒輪嚙合狀態(tài)最接近配對(duì)研磨時(shí)的狀態(tài)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來最平穩(wěn)。未獲得較好的嚙合間隙，首先需要對(duì)減速器殼體的主持安裝距離進(jìn)行測(cè)量，然后根據(jù)需要安裝的零部件的尺寸疊加值來確定調(diào)整墊的厚度。為提升裝配效率，常將調(diào)整點(diǎn)的尺寸規(guī)格進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與系列化，以便在調(diào)整選用時(shí)方便快捷的選取。</p><p>　　減速機(jī)的噪音產(chǎn)生主要是源于傳動(dòng)齒輪的摩擦、振

13、動(dòng)以及碰撞，如何有效降低及減少噪聲，使其更符合環(huán)保要求也是國(guó)內(nèi)外一個(gè)重點(diǎn)研究課題。</p><p>　　降低減速機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)的齒輪傳動(dòng)噪聲已成為行業(yè)內(nèi)的重要研究課題，國(guó)內(nèi)外不少學(xué)者都把齒輪傳動(dòng)中輪齒嚙合剛度的變化看成是齒輪動(dòng)載、振動(dòng)和噪聲的主要因素。用修形的方法，使其動(dòng)載荷及速度波動(dòng)減至最小，以達(dá)到降低噪聲的目的。這種方法在實(shí)踐中證明是一種較有效的方法。但是用這種方法，工藝上需要有修形設(shè)備，廣大中、小廠往往無法實(shí)施。

14、</p><p>　　經(jīng)過多年研究，提出了通過優(yōu)化齒輪參數(shù)，如變位系數(shù)、齒高系數(shù)、壓力角、中心距，使嚙入沖擊速度降至最小，嚙出沖擊速度與嚙入沖擊速度的比值處于某一數(shù)值范圍，減小或避免嚙合節(jié)圓沖擊的齒輪設(shè)計(jì)方法，也可明顯降低減速機(jī)齒輪噪聲。 </p><p>　　4 齒輪的加工對(duì)減速器的影響</p><p>　　減速器的主要噪聲源是嚙合齒輪，影響它的主要因素

15、有：設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，制造精度與它的工作條件。由生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)組可知：減速器的噪聲值隨著中心距的增大，轉(zhuǎn)速的升高和傳動(dòng)比的減小而增大，減速器的工作條件如載荷的變化，潤(rùn)滑劑的種類，傳動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)的誤差等等也都影響著它的噪聲值，而減速器的制造精度(主要是齒輪及箱體的加工精度)則是決定噪聲大小的關(guān)鍵因素。減速器的噪聲是由于在它運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中機(jī)內(nèi)齒輪嚙合產(chǎn)生周期性的交變力對(duì)軸承、箱體的作用而引起的發(fā)生振動(dòng)。評(píng)定圓柱齒輪減速器(以上簡(jiǎn)稱減速器)質(zhì)量水平的主要標(biāo)

16、準(zhǔn)就是它的噪聲值。隨著產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國(guó)際化，國(guó)家對(duì)減速器的噪聲值作出了更加嚴(yán)格的限定，這就要求對(duì)減速器的噪聲控制進(jìn)行研究。 4.1 減速器中齒輪加工對(duì)減速器噪聲的影響?yīng)?4.11 齒輪加工誤差對(duì)噪聲的影響</p><p>　　減小與控制齒輪噪聲是降低減速器噪聲的根本。為了降低齒輪噪聲，需從結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與齒輪精度兩方面來考慮。 1、低噪聲齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的要求。齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)噪聲的影響是很重要的，理想的設(shè)計(jì)是

17、：盡量提高輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度，選擇較大的變位系數(shù)與適當(dāng)?shù)穆菪?，使嚙合系?shù)加大，從而達(dá)到降低噪音的目的。 2、齒輪制造精度對(duì)噪聲的影響。對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列減速器來說，齒輪的制造精度決定著它的噪聲值。減速器齒輪的主要作用是傳遞轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩，因此對(duì)它的齒輪制造精度要求，其工作平穩(wěn)性等級(jí)是主要的。具有較高工作平穩(wěn)性等級(jí)的齒輪不僅本身的使用壽命長(zhǎng)，而且傳動(dòng)中的沖擊、振動(dòng)小，噪聲也就小，所以限制齒輪的工作平穩(wěn)性誤差是減少齒輪噪聲的關(guān)鍵。 4.1

18、2 工作平穩(wěn)性精度對(duì)噪聲的影響。</p><p>　　齒輪的工作平穩(wěn)性精度就是要求限制齒輪瞬時(shí)速比的變化，其誤差為齒輪每轉(zhuǎn)一周多次出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)角誤差，它使齒輪在嚙合過程中產(chǎn)生撞擊、振動(dòng)從而產(chǎn)生齒輪的噪聲，它是一種高頻的沖擊聲。對(duì)于一個(gè)齒輪來說影響工作平穩(wěn)性的因素是他的基節(jié)誤差和它的漸開線齒形誤差。 4.13 齒輪的接觸精度對(duì)噪聲的影響。</p><p>　　評(píng)定齒輪接觸精度的綜合指標(biāo)是接觸

19、斑點(diǎn)，接觸不好的齒輪其噪聲必大。造成齒輪接觸不理想的原因有：齒向誤差影響齒長(zhǎng)方向接觸，基節(jié)偏差與齒形誤差影響齒高方向的接觸。 4.14 齒輪的運(yùn)動(dòng)精度對(duì)噪聲的影響。</p><p>　　齒輪的運(yùn)動(dòng)精度是指?jìng)鬟f運(yùn)動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)確性，即齒輪每轉(zhuǎn)一周的轉(zhuǎn)角誤差最大誤差值不能超過一定限度。由于齒輪運(yùn)動(dòng)精度是大周期性(齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)一周)誤差，而由齒輪齒圈徑向跳動(dòng)在齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)一周內(nèi)的周杰累計(jì)誤差會(huì)產(chǎn)生低頻噪聲，但當(dāng)周節(jié)累計(jì)誤差增大時(shí)，

20、將造成齒輪嚙合沖擊及角速度的變動(dòng)，此時(shí)噪聲明顯增大并發(fā)出“隆隆”聲。[4] 4.15 輪體偏心偏重對(duì)噪聲的影響。</p><p>　　輪體偏心偏重的齒輪在嚙合運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生不平衡的離心力，它是一種交變應(yīng)力，會(huì)引起輪系的振動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生噪聲，因此對(duì)輪體進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)平衡檢測(cè)是必要的環(huán)節(jié)。4.2 減速器箱體孔加工精度對(duì)噪聲的影響?yīng)?　　箱體孔的加工精度對(duì)減速器的噪聲有著突出的影響。孔的精度是指孔徑的精度，中心矩的誤差，各孔中心

21、線的平行度與傾斜度。生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中我們體會(huì)到軸承外圈與減速器箱體孔的配合間隙影響著軸承噪聲，當(dāng)孔與軸承外圈的間隙在0.01mm左右時(shí)，能夠降低軸承對(duì)整機(jī)的噪音影響。 4.3 裝配精度對(duì)噪聲的影響?yīng)?　　裝配質(zhì)量對(duì)減速器噪聲控制有著直接的影響。因此在整機(jī)裝配中應(yīng)注意：①各級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)正常，保證嚙合側(cè)隙，齒面嚙合良好，注意定為零件(如軸套)的固定，避免齒輪端面的振擺等。②安裝軸承時(shí)要避免施加不當(dāng)?shù)那脫簦谳S承運(yùn)輸、裝配過程中避免碰撞等。

22、③按要求對(duì)減速器傳動(dòng)部件的清洗，避免在裝配過程中對(duì)傳動(dòng)部件的磕碰。[5]</p><p><b>　　5 總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　車輛驅(qū)動(dòng)橋單級(jí)主減速器噪音問題是比較復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問題，既涉及到各不同零部件的加工精度，又需要在裝配環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行分別控制，實(shí)際的噪音產(chǎn)生原因可能發(fā)生在其中的某個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，也可能是多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)均存在問題，為有效避免噪音的發(fā)生，需要在制造環(huán)節(jié)和裝配環(huán)

23、節(jié)均進(jìn)行控制與調(diào)整，尤其是后期的調(diào)整需要嚴(yán)格控制工藝方法，根據(jù)實(shí)際的試驗(yàn)反饋情況來不斷修正各調(diào)整量，以最終獲得某產(chǎn)品的合理控制范圍。本文對(duì)減速器產(chǎn)生的噪音主要從制造精度和裝配精度兩方面進(jìn)行分析。隨著加工制造技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn)，先進(jìn)裝配工藝的開發(fā)實(shí)施，并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家及國(guó)際有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一定能夠提高減速器的質(zhì)量。 </p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>

24、　　[1] T. Vorm 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)減速器》 國(guó)際機(jī)械工具設(shè)計(jì)研究雜志，（1976）第16期,241至250頁(yè)。</p><p>　　[2] J. Ellis, R. Kirk and G. Barrow 《減速器的噪音問題研究》</p><p>　　國(guó)際機(jī)械工具設(shè)計(jì)研究雜志，（1969）第9期, 321至339頁(yè)。</p><p>　　[3] P.K.

25、 Philip 《對(duì)于車輛驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器噪音控制問題的研究》</p><p>　　國(guó)際機(jī)械工具設(shè)計(jì)研究雜志，（1971）第11期, 133至144頁(yè)。</p><p>　　[4] J.T. Black, C.R. James 《對(duì)于減速器齒輪噪音問題的研究》</p><p>　　機(jī)器制造工業(yè)雜志，（1981）第103期, 13至21頁(yè)。</p>

26、<p>　　[5] S.H. Yeo, W.W. Lui and V. Phung 《齒輪的安裝對(duì)減速器的噪音的影響》 材料工藝技術(shù)雜志，（1992）第29期, 41至46頁(yè)。</p><p>　　譯 文 評(píng) 閱</p><p>　　導(dǎo)師評(píng)語（應(yīng)根據(jù)學(xué)校“譯文要求”，對(duì)學(xué)生外文翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性、翻譯數(shù)量以及譯文的文字表述情況等作具體的評(píng)價(jià)）</p>&l

27、t;p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p><b>　　年 月 日</b></p><p><b>　　附：</b></p><p>　　The Research of Vehicle drive axle gear noise control</p><p>　　

28、Abstract: The single-stage main gear axle noise sources and produces a classification of factors, and according to the mechanism of different factors and related improvements proposed adjustment program to eliminate nois

29、e reduction.</p><p>　　Key words: After the main by the bridge Noise Driving Bevel Gear Passive bevel gear Bearing size Differential</p><p>　　1 Background</p><p>　　With t

30、he various types of vehicles and work in people's lives more and more popular, people vehicle noise, vibration, comfort and other requirements are also increasing, The 5PK belt segment of length 40mm is pressed again

31、st theplate, which has identical grooves to the pulley for the K-section belts. The compression of the belt segment and the grooved plate was achieved with a universal Zwick/Roell Z050 testing machine in the temperature

32、chamber. The tests were conducted at four different temper</p><p>　　the vehicle by the driver in the process of moving the bridge single-stage main gear box at run time In addition to the engine noise is lar

33、ger than other noise sources, if not effectively controlled by officers will affect the drive or driving or riding comfort. For the single stage on the main gear axle for effective noise control, structural features of t

34、heir products according to the type of final drive and the noise generated in the product realization process for process control. [1]</p><p>　　2 Noise Type</p><p>　　Single-stage main gear axle

35、 in the work process, the torque from the drive shaft bevel gear to pass through the active to passive gear, driven gear by the number of bolts fastening the differential case, the passive gear torque through the semi-Pa

36、ssed to both sides of the axle shaft gear to achieve the purpose of driving traffic.In the final drive that may arise during the work of the noise is divided into six types: flange connection with the shaft rotating at

37、high speed the noise generated by</p><p>　　3 Factors and Countermeasures generated</p><p>　　Final drive work with different types of noise may also occur which may occur only a certain category

38、 or categories, in order to effectively control the noise of all links in the need for effective process control, for possible Noise from the operation of link analysis and take an adjustable product realization solution

39、s in order to later quickly after the product can be easily adjusted to control the noise.According to generate different types of noise, a common production process control meth</p><p>　　3.1 Adjust the sp

40、line flange intermediate and active relationship with the spline gear</p><p>　　Because the compression flange is the role of small bearings, offset by the running gear in the axial force in the selected flan

41、ge so the internal nature of the spline with the need to select the transition with little to ensure that the locking nut Effectively locked when the axial force transfer.</p><p>　　3.2 Adjust the small gear

42、 bearing inner ring and the co-ordination</p><p>　　To facilitate installation and maintenance is currently a small part of the final drive gear bearing inner ring and the nature of the cooperation with such

43、a small space for easy installation and with oil seals for the main gear, but if the work in the main gear with the use of small space, when the initial Flange when the sudden passing of torque transfer to the driving ge

44、ar, but small relative to the bearing inner ring measures will occur at this time moving, which measures the thickness of mo</p><p>　　3.3 Preload adjustment gear</p><p>　　If high-speed driving

45、gear rotating bearing small bearings and large axial preload between the selected gear may result in inappropriate repetitive impact or size of the axial bearing premature wear, which is not conducive to noise control wi

46、ll reduce the product life Therefore, the regulation of gear preload is critical, because every set of gaskets and other parts of different materials and heat treatment method, it is difficult to determine the standard g

47、ear starting torque, adjust the starti</p><p>　　3.4 Side gears and planetary gear mesh gap adjustment</p><p>　　Side gears and planetary gears during rotation by the gear assembly of precision a

48、nd accuracy of its impact will be different degrees of noise, the gear assembly process forming part of the gear after finishing accuracy is difficult to adjust the axial side gears and planetary gear Mesh size can be mo

49、re appropriate for the engagement gap, thereby reducing the rotating planetary gear and axle gear noise when the chances of mating. Axle gear assembly shim thickness can be adjusted to achieve an id</p><p>　

50、　3.5 Active and passive gear meshing gap adjustment</p><p>　　Active and passive gears meshing gears rotating the gap is too large if the engagement will occur in the high-speed impact of noise, if the gap i

51、s too small active and passive gear running gear will be a lot of heat, likely to cause tooth erosion, reducing their service life . First, the differential gear assembly of the passive case, due to the passive gear in t

52、he differential case radial deviation will lead to the differential gear assembly of passive and active gear after the clearance change</p><p>　　4 Gear reducer effects of processing on</p><p>　

53、　The main noise source is the gear meshing gears, the main factors affecting it: the design parameters, manufacturing precision and its working conditions. Production practices and by the known experimental data sets: th

54、e noise reducer with the center distance value increases, the speed increases and the decrease of the transmission ratio, the working conditions such as load of gear changes, the type of lubricant , Transmission error, e

55、tc. are all part of the value of its noise, and precision gea</p><p>　　4.1 Reducer Gear Reducer noise on</p><p>　　Low-carbon Al-killed hot rolled steels are extensively used for cold forming, c

56、old rolling, enameling, and galvanizing applications. These steels are almost similar in chemistry but have significant variations in mechanical and microstructural properties. Nitrogen in solid solution strongly influen

57、ces the mechanical and formability properties of the steel. The detrimental effects of nitrogen in steel are increased YS, lower ductility and toughness, higher impact transition temperature</p><p>　　(ITT),

58、and susceptibility to strain aging. The important properties of hot band for cold forming application are lower YS, lower yield to ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ratio, higher elongation and resistant to strain aging. [

59、5]</p><p>　　4.1.1 Gear machining error on the noise</p><p>　　Reduced gear noise is to reduce and control the fundamental noise reducer. In order to reduce gear noise and gear required accuracy f

60、rom the structural design aspects to consider. </p><p>　　1 low-noise gear design requirements. Gear noise effects on the structural design is important, the ideal design is: try to improve the tooth bending

61、 strength, choose the larger variable coefficient with the appropriate helix angle, the contact ratio increased, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing noise . 2 gear manufacturing precision of the noise. Of the

62、standard series reducer for manufacturing precision gears noise determines its value. Gear's main role is to transfer speed and to</p><p>　　4.1.2 Smooth working of the accuracy of the noise.</p>&

63、lt;p>　　Accuracy of the work gear is required stability limits the instantaneous gear ratio changes, the error is occur several times per week to gear the corner of the error, it makes the process of generating gear in

64、 meshing impact, vibration, resulting in gear noise, it is a Species of the impact of high-frequency sound. For a gear for the stability of the factors that affect the work of the base section of his error and its involu

65、te error. </p><p>　　4.1.3 Gears of noise exposure accuracy.</p><p>　　Assessment of the accuracy of the composite indicator gear contact is contact spots, the noise exposure to bad gear will be

66、greater. Cause tooth contact is not ideal because: Error in gear tooth length direction of the contact, the base section of deviation and direction of tooth profile error of contact.</p><p>　　4.1.4 Motion a

67、ccuracy of the gear noise.</p><p>　　Gears transmit motion motion accuracy is the accuracy of the corner of gear per week to the maximum error value of the error can not exceed a certain limit. As a big cycli

68、cal motion accuracy gear (gear one revolution) error, while the ring gear by the gear in the gear rotating radial Zhou Jie accumulative error within a week will produce low-frequency noise, but the cumulative pitch error

69、 increases, will result in Gears, and the impact of changes in angular velocity, then the noise increased sig</p><p>　　4.1.5 Emphasis on the body of the eccentric wheel noise.</p><p>　　Emphasis

70、 on the body eccentric gear wheel meshing operation in the centrifugal force generated when the imbalance, A preliminary part of the development cycle was to determine the safety factors for anticipated operating condit

71、ions. Engineers utilized ADAMS simulation results to predict loads and evaluate design concepts before proceeding to the final design specifications. The initial concept design was analyzed via an ADAMS analysis of t

72、he automatic tensioners subjected to static and dyna</p><p>　　coupled dynamics in a combined finite element / multi- body dynamics approach. it is a alternating stress, can cause vibration and gear noise, so

73、 the wheel dynamic balance testing is necessary for the body part.</p><p>　　4.2 Precision gear box bore the impact of noise </p><p>　　Box Hole accuracy on the noise reducer has prominent effect

74、s. Aperture hole is precision accuracy, central moment of the error, the parallelism of the centerline of the hole and tilt. Production practice, we understand the bearing outer ring and the gear box with the clearance h

75、ole of the bearing noise, when the hole clearance and the bearing outer ring around the 0.01mm, the bearing of the machine can reduce the noise impact. </p><p>　　4.3 Assembly accuracy on the noise</p>

76、<p>　　Quality of the gear assembly has a direct impact noise control. Therefore, the assembly in the machine should be noted: ① normal gear at all levels to ensure the engagement side of the gap, meshing well, pay

77、 attention to as part (such as the sleeve) fixed, In the past decade the applicability of belt-drives has been extended significantly due to their increased reliability. With automotive engines it is now common to join a

78、 large number of belt-drives into a single, long belt-drive with several </p><p>　　With the developed contact model between the belt and the pulley, we can accurately predict the contact forces and stick-sli

79、p zones between the belt and pulley. The identification of the belt-drive's material properties is based upon experimental data. Several original experiments are proposed in order to extract the damping and friction

80、characteristics of multi-ribbed belts. Finally, the applicability of the belt-drive model is presented by simulating a serpentine belt-drive,considering non-ste</p><p>　　to avoid the gear end of the runout a

81、nd so on. ② Install bearings to avoid undue percussion, in the bearing transport, the assembly process to avoid the collision. ③ gear drive components required for the cleaning, the assembly process to avoid the bump on

82、the transmission components. [4]</p><p>　　5 Conclusion</p><p>　　Single-stage vehicle main gear axle noise problem is more complex systems, both with regard to the precision of the different com

83、ponents, but also need to be controlled separately in the assembly areas, the actual cause of the noise which may occur in one part of May also exist in numerous aspects of the problem is, as effectively prevent the occu

84、rrence of noise, you need the assembly in the manufacturing sector and all aspects of control and adjustment, especially adjustment of the need for str</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　[1] T. Vorm

85、Mechanical design reducer,Int.J.Mach.Tool Des.Res.16 (1976) 241–250. </p><p>　　[2] J.Ellis,R.Kirk and G. Barrow Study of noise reducer, Int.J.Mach.Tool Des.Res.9 (1969) 321–339.</p><p>　　[3] P.

86、K. Philip Main gear for the vehicle drive axle problems of noise control, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des.Res. 11 (1971) 133–144.</p><p>　　[4] J.T. Black, C.R. James The noise problems of Gear , J. Eng. Ind. 1