車輛工程外文翻譯--使用內(nèi)部車載電源的汽車千斤頂發(fā)展

1、<p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文</p><p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　學(xué) 院： </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化（專轉(zhuǎn)本） </p><p>　　姓 名：

2、 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)： </p><p>　　外文出處 ：1. Malaysian Science and Technology</p><p>　　Congress,MSTCON08,16~17Dec,KLCC,Malaysis,2008</p&g

3、t;<p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。</p><p><b>　　附件1： </b></p><p>　　使用內(nèi)部車載電源的汽車千斤頂發(fā)展</p><p>　　M.M.Noor, K.Kadirgama, M.M.Rahman, M.S.M.Sani, M.R.M.Rejab</p>

4、<p>　　Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)</p><p>　　Tun Abdul Razak Highway, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang</p><p>　　Phone: +609-5492223 Fax: +609-5492244.<

5、/p><p>　　(muhamad@ump.edu.my/ kumaran@ump.edu.my)</p><p>　　摘要:汽車千斤頂通常用機(jī)械的優(yōu)勢(shì)，讓一個(gè)人通過手動(dòng)的力量來提升車輛。更強(qiáng)大的千斤頂使用液壓動(dòng)力提供更大的升力和更大距離。本文介紹了汽車千斤頂緊急情況下使用的開發(fā)與利用內(nèi)部點(diǎn)煙器電源（12v）。自動(dòng)千斤頂利用該電源以節(jié)省不必施加任何人的能量。以增加提升力，以確保有足夠的電，使變

6、速比被使用。汽車千斤頂?shù)拈_發(fā)利用的SolidWorks®和分析，以檢查安全系數(shù)和力作用。制造工作已經(jīng)由銑削和研磨機(jī)完成。千斤頂將進(jìn)行測(cè)試，預(yù)測(cè)有足夠的力量來提升和保持汽車作為普通汽車千斤頂。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂，點(diǎn)煙器，Solidworks，傳動(dòng)比</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　

7、汽車千斤頂是用來提高設(shè)備所有或車輛進(jìn)入的空氣的一部分，以便于車輛的維護(hù)或故障修理。大多數(shù)人都熟悉的基本汽車千斤頂（手動(dòng)操作），它包括作為最新汽車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。愿意更換輪胎的車主都是從前到后等等或者誰可能在春天冬天之前安裝雪地輪胎，并卸下它們需要使用千斤頂執(zhí)行工作[1]。卸下漏氣的輪胎是不是一個(gè)非常愉快的經(jīng)歷?，F(xiàn)今，各種汽車千斤頂已經(jīng)開發(fā)了用于從地面抬起汽車。但是，可用千斤頂通常是手動(dòng)操作的，因此需用戶的大幅的體力。例如在特別的惡劣天氣條件

8、下，千斤頂對(duì)老人和殘疾人的使用非常困難[2]。鑒于這種固有的缺點(diǎn)，商用汽車維修及服務(wù)站通常配備大型高科技汽車升降機(jī)，其中該升降機(jī)是通過電供電系統(tǒng)升高和降低[3]。然而，由于其規(guī)模和采購成本高，維護(hù)電動(dòng)力車升降機(jī)，這類升降機(jī)一般不提供給車主。這種電供便攜式千斤頂不僅能代替通過手動(dòng)操作千斤頂起重汽車的艱巨任務(wù)，而且進(jìn)一步降低維修汽車所需的時(shí)間。當(dāng)需要修復(fù)的道路的側(cè)面或其它危險(xiǎn)情況下的汽車[4]，這樣的功能特別有利。</p>&

9、lt;p>　　此外，還有報(bào)道關(guān)于汽車千斤頂而導(dǎo)致幾次嚴(yán)重的事故。指定額定托起1000公斤，但是由消費(fèi)者事務(wù)進(jìn)行的測(cè)試顯示，是失敗起重250公斤后的工作和可能千斤頂損壞的時(shí)候接近其額定載荷的重量[3]。試驗(yàn)證明，該千斤頂有低于所承受的準(zhǔn)備重量?jī)A向，并且它不符合澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輛千斤頂?shù)淖钚⌒阅艿囊骩5]。該項(xiàng)目的目的是開發(fā)一個(gè)容易操作、安全、能夠輕松提升和下降汽車并不涉及太多體力的汽車千斤頂。</p><p>

10、;<b>　　發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　圖1示出的自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂設(shè)計(jì)：</p><p><b>　　原來剪式千斤頂 </b></p><p><b>　　螺桿軸</b></p><p><b>　　電動(dòng)車窗電機(jī)</b></p><

11、;p><b>　　小齒輪</b></p><p><b>　　齒輪</b></p><p><b>　　框架支架</b></p><p><b>　　固定支架</b></p><p>　　此外，圖2是自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂?shù)膶?shí)際原型。按圖形中全部要求，然后轉(zhuǎn)

12、換到真正的原型。它還包括一個(gè)開關(guān)按鈕的系統(tǒng)，以提高和降低千斤頂總負(fù)載。圖1，顯示從垃圾場(chǎng)收集到的剪式千斤頂，它仍然可以使用。在市場(chǎng)中，剪式千斤頂是在現(xiàn)有最佳的千斤頂。據(jù)法哈德，氣動(dòng)和液壓千斤頂是不安全的，因?yàn)橥ǔ６夹枰S護(hù)和有泄露[6]。它是在剪式千斤頂基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的。螺桿軸，可旋轉(zhuǎn)并抬高頭部裝來上下。螺桿軸是非常重要的，因?yàn)樵谶@種設(shè)計(jì)需要一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)能夠承受的負(fù)載，并鎖定該千斤頂?shù)耐蛊鸪潭?。螺桿將機(jī)制調(diào)整并保持高度的水平。</

13、p><p>　　電機(jī)來自從垃圾場(chǎng)，它是從二手車電動(dòng)馬達(dá)卸下的。從制造商和計(jì)算值的扭矩，它提供5.877N.m扭矩是足夠高的，適合項(xiàng)目[7]。也有小齒輪和大齒輪，這是在主傳動(dòng)裝置系統(tǒng)，如圖3所示。這是傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，增加了扭矩17.631N.m[8]。此外，該幀是用于電動(dòng)電機(jī)支架。最后，穩(wěn)定架是支持電動(dòng)機(jī)的重量，并以穩(wěn)定的剪式千斤頂。這也是很好的平坦表面當(dāng)頂起汽車的時(shí)候[9]。</p><p>　　圖

14、1. 來自Solidwork設(shè)計(jì)</p><p><b>　　圖2. 發(fā)展原型</b></p><p><b>　　圖3. 齒輪系統(tǒng)</b></p><p><b>　　機(jī)械部件</b></p><p>　　該機(jī)構(gòu)升降系統(tǒng)被應(yīng)用在剪式千斤頂。剪式千斤頂?shù)木唧w描述是，它可以承受8

15、50公斤的最大負(fù)荷的是然后切割塊焊接在剪式千斤頂?shù)亩瞬亢团c其他部分焊接在一起，如圖所示。</p><p>　　該焊機(jī)，涉及的是MIG機(jī)（金屬惰性氣體）。7是該穩(wěn)定基礎(chǔ)，從L鐵棒制成[8]。每個(gè)鐵條的長(zhǎng)度為30cm，然后被旋入并焊接在剪式千斤頂?shù)牡鬃?。這是為了增加與表面積的穩(wěn)定，剪式千斤頂將增加穩(wěn)定性[5]。此外，折彎?rùn)C(jī)也可用于彎曲齒輪系統(tǒng)的表面，彎曲鋸機(jī)是用來切割原料的齒輪。如圖4所示制造齒輪。</p&g

16、t;<p>　　最好的，因此為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最好的測(cè)試車是一個(gè)叫做PERODUA靈鹿®（682千克）[10]。該測(cè)試在報(bào)告中將加以詳細(xì)的解釋。3號(hào)是原來的齒輪需要被丟棄，因?yàn)?號(hào)，小齒輪和5號(hào)，大齒輪采用金屬絲電火花切割機(jī)制造。所有規(guī)格的齒輪，根據(jù)需要對(duì)所施加的轉(zhuǎn)矩的規(guī)格系統(tǒng)[11]來提供。該齒輪系統(tǒng)是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)樗怯呻姍C(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的升降機(jī)構(gòu)。來自電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩將被供給到所述小齒輪，然后傳送到大齒輪，它旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，螺桿軸順時(shí)針或逆時(shí)

17、針旋轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>　　通過使用EDM線切割機(jī)，操作者需要插入已經(jīng)繪制的圖形，然后再編程序到機(jī)器中，所以它會(huì)工作。然后4號(hào)小齒輪被制造，它被插入到電動(dòng)電機(jī)的槽再焊接。6號(hào)框架是組成設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，以固定馬達(dá)。它是使用3毫米低碳金屬制成，然后根據(jù)維度[5]，用切割成小塊。</p><p><b>　　圖4. 齒輪制造</b></p><p>　

18、　根據(jù)圖5，開關(guān)為剪式千斤頂進(jìn)行升降，是由2個(gè)ON / OFF開關(guān)按鍵控制的。該開關(guān)電路是為了使電機(jī)啟動(dòng)，而無需改變終端正和負(fù)、順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)和逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)使用該千斤頂時(shí)，每一次都需要改變終端，因此，通過使用這個(gè)開關(guān)，它更靈活，更容易為用戶。該交換機(jī)還包含2個(gè)繼電器將動(dòng)作，當(dāng)升降按鈕按下，會(huì)驅(qū)動(dòng)其中一個(gè)繼電器，它會(huì)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)到某個(gè)期望的水平。最重要的部分是，當(dāng)按鈕被釋放，將直接停止。讓我們說，如果按下紅色按鈕，然后它會(huì)啟動(dòng)繼電器1線圈，然后

19、它會(huì)切換開關(guān)，然后電源流入電機(jī)和第二個(gè)繼電器，將直接進(jìn)入到負(fù)極，電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)順時(shí)針。反之亦然，如果按下黑色按鈕[11]。</p><p><b>　　圖5：開關(guān)電路</b></p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　考慮到在市場(chǎng)上所有可用的千斤頂，這個(gè)原型可以通過在功能和設(shè)計(jì)上進(jìn)行一些修改得到改善。目標(biāo)是設(shè)

20、計(jì)一個(gè)安全、可靠、并能升高和降低的水平、開發(fā)出由內(nèi)部車載電源供電、自動(dòng)化與按鈕系統(tǒng)汽車千斤頂。雖然這款千斤頂只是基于PERODUA靈鹿基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)的，但通過使用更高的扭矩也能夠舉起更大的負(fù)載，Proton Wira®和Proton Iswara®汽車。</p><p>　　致謝 由University Malaysia Pahang (UMP)提供資金支持，同時(shí)非常感謝大四學(xué)生Amir Iska

21、ndar Bin Ariffin。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　American Lift Institute, ALI brochure‘Automotive Lift - Purchase Considerations’. July 2004.</p><p>　　Australian Compet

22、ition and Consumer Commission, Department of Health and ageing ‘Safety Alert working under a vehicle’. Brochure 2007.</p><p>　　Boston Jacks Corporation, jacking beams Manufacturer ISO 9002 (BS5750) 500 Gale

23、Street Dagenham Essex RM94NU.Tel: +44 (0)20 8593 7514 Fax: +44 (0)20 8595 2923, www.boston-ge.com </p><p>　　Edward M.Lonon , East Orange, N.J,US.‘Motorized Jack’. United States Patent. Patent number: 5085407

24、. Date of Patent: Feb 4, 1992.Farhad Razzaghi, Douglasville, GA, US. ’Apparatus and Method for an Electric Jack’. United States Patent. Patent number: US2007/0256526 A1.Date of </p><p>　　patent: Nov 8,2007&l

25、t;/p><p>　　5. Farhad Razzaghi,Douglasville, GA, US. ’Apparatus and Method for an Electric Jack’. United States Patent. Patent number: US2007/0256526 A1.Date of patent: Nov 8,2007 </p><p>　　6. Ho

26、n Jennifer Rankine, Minister for Consumer Affairs, Government of South Australia. News release: ’Vehicle jack that can’t stand the strain’ Tuesday 31st July 2007 </p><p>　　7. Jay Heizer and Barry Render, Op

27、erations Management, Sixth Edition: Pearson International Edition. 2006. </p><p>　　8. Joseph E.Shigley, 7th edition, Mechanical engineering Design, 2004 </p><p>　　9. Kalpakjian S. and Schmid S

28、.R Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Fourth Edition: Prentice Hall International, 2001. </p><p>　　10. Mackubin Thomas Owens. The Washington Times: USMA report on the Integration and Performance of W

29、omen at West Point. Oct10,1998. </p><p>　　11. Pat L. Mangonon ,The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design, selection, and failure of materials, pg 432, 1999. </p><p>　

30、　12. Pat L. Mangonon, The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design, selection, and failure of materials, pg 433-436, 1999. </p><p>　　13. Steve Levenstein, US. ’Railcar jack Assembly

31、’ US Patent Issued on September 11, 1993, Patent number: 5876018. </p><p>　　14. William H. Crouse and Donald L. Anglin, Automotive Mechanics 10thedition, 1993 </p><p>　　15. Yang–chou Liu, Taip

32、ei, Taiwan. ‘Manually operated car jack’ United States Patent. Patent</p><p>　　number: 5603486.Date of Patent: Feb 18, 1997.</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　Malaysian

33、Science and Technology Congress, </p><p>　　MSTC08, 16~17 Dec, KLCC, Malaysia, 2008. </p><p>　　Development of Auto Car Jack Using Internal Car Power</p><p>　　M.M.Noor, K.Kadirgama,

34、M.M.Rahman, M.S.M.Sani, M.R.M.Rejab</p><p>　　Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)</p><p>　　Tun Abdul Razak Highway, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang</p><p&g

35、t;　　Phone: +609-5492223 Fax: +609-5492244.</p><p>　　(muhamad@ump.edu.my/ kumaran@ump.edu.my)</p><p>　　Abstract Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by &

36、lt;/p><p>　　manual force. More powerful jacks are using hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater </p><p>　　distances. This paper presents the development of the car jack for emergency use

37、with using </p><p>　　internal cigarette lighter power (12volts). The automatic easy car-jack utilizes this power source </p><p>　　to save individuals having to exert any energy. To increase the

38、lifting power in order to ensure </p><p>　　the power is adequate, gear ratio was used. The car jacker was developed utilizing the </p><p>　　Solidworks® and its analyses to check the safetyf

39、actor and force acting. The fabrication work </p><p>　　has been done with milling and grinding machine. The car jacker will be tested and it predicted </p><p>　　to have enough power to lift and

40、holding the car as normal car jacker.</p><p>　　Keywords: Automatic car jack, cigarette lighter, Solidworks, gear ratio</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　An automotive jack is a device

41、used to raise all or part of a vehicle into the air in order to </p><p>　　facilitate vehicle maintenances or breakdown repairs. Most people are familiar with the </p><p>　　basic car jack (manual

42、ly operated) and it’s included as standard equipment for most of the new cars. Vehicle owners who would like to rotate their tires themselves either front to </p><p>　　back and so forth or who may install sn

43、ow tires before the winter and remove them in the spring need to use a jack to perform the job [1]. Changing a flat tire is not a very pleasant </p><p>　　experience. Nowadays, a variety of car jacks have bee

44、n developed for lifting an automobile from a ground surface. Available car jacks, however, are typically manually operated and therefore require substantial laborious physical effort on the part of the user. Such jacks p

45、resent difficulties for the elderly and handicapped and are especially disadvantageous under bad weather conditions [2]. In light of such inherent disadvantages, commercial automobile repair and service stations are comm

46、only eq</p><p>　　There also reports on car jacks which lead to a serious number of accidents. A specified jack </p><p>　　purposed to hold up to 1000 kilograms, but tests undertaken by Consumer A

47、ffairs has </p><p>　　revealed that is fails to work after lifting 250 kilograms and may physically break when it </p><p>　　has a weight close to its 1000 kilograms capacity [3]. Tests have prove

48、n that the jack has the propensity to buckle well under the weight it is promoted to withstand, and it doesn’t meet the minimum or performance requirements of the Australian Standard for vehicle jacks [5]. The purpose of

49、 this project is to develop a car jack which is easy to be operated, safe and able lift and lowering the car without involving much physical effort.</p><p>　　THE DEVELOPMENT</p><p>　　Figure 1 sh

50、ows the design of automatic car jacker where: </p><p>　　1. Original Scissor jack </p><p>　　2. Screw shaft </p><p>　　3. Power window motor </p><p>　　4. Pinion </p

51、><p><b>　　5. Gear </b></p><p>　　6. Frame holder </p><p>　　7. Stabilizer base</p><p>　　Furthermore, Figure 2 is the actual prototype of the automatic car jac

52、k. The entire requirement from the drawing is then transform onto the real prototype. It also included a switch buttons system to raise and lowering the jack (Head load). Figure 1, shows the used scissor jack which has b

53、een collected from the junk yard and it still can be used. The scissor jack is the best jacks available in the market. According to Farhad, the pneumatic and hydraulic jack is not safe because usually need main</p>

54、<p>　　to stabilize the scissor jack. It is also good for flat surface when jacking the car [9].</p><p>　　Figure 1. Design from Solidwork</p><p>　　Figure 2.Developed prototype</p>&

55、lt;p>　　Figure 3. Gearing system</p><p>　　MECHANICAL PARTS</p><p>　　The mechanism lifting system was applied on the scissor jack. The scissor jack specific description is it can withstand the

56、maximum load of 850kg which is the best because the </p><p>　　test car for this project is a PERODUA Kancil® (682kg) [10].The test will be detailed explained in the result.No.3 is the motor which the or

57、iginal gear needed to be discarded because no. 4, pinion and no. 5, gear are manufactured using wire EDM cutting machine. All the specification of the gears according to the torque needed to be applied on the system [11]

58、. The gearing system is the crucial thing as it is the lifting mechanism powered from the motor. The torque from the motor will be supplied </p><p>　　By using the wire EDM cutting machine, the operator neede

59、d to insert the drawing that has </p><p>　　been made and then program the machine so it will work. After the no.4 pinion is fabricated, </p><p>　　it is inserted into the slot of the power window

60、 motor and welded. The no.6 frame is fabricated base on the design to hold the motor. It is fabricated using 3mm low carbon metal and then cut using grinder into small pieces according the dimensions [5]. The cut pieces

61、are then welded on the end of the scissor jack and welded together with other pieces as the picture shown.</p><p>　　The welding machine that involved is MIG machine (Metal Inert Gas).No 7 is the stabilizer b

62、ase which is made from the L iron bar [8]. The length of each iron bar is 30cm and then is screwed and welded on the base of the scissor jack. This is to stabilize the scissor jack with increasing of the surface area wil

63、l increase the stability [5]. Moreover, bending machine is also used to bend the cover for the gearing system and bend saw machine is used to cut the raw material for the gear. Fabricated g</p><p>　　Figure 4

64、. Fabricated gear</p><p>　　Base on Figure 5, switch for the scissor jack to be lifted and lowered are controlled by a 2 </p><p>　　buttons switch with ON/OFF. This switch circuit is to make the m

65、otor enabled to rotate clockwise and counter-clockwise without changing the terminal positive and negative. It </p><p>　　is time consumable to change the terminal every time when using this jack, so by using

66、 </p><p>　　this switch, it is more flexible and easier for the user. The switch also contains 2 relays </p><p>　　which will act when a lifting button is press it will actuate one of the relay an

67、d it will rotate </p><p>　　the motor to the desire level. The most important part is that when the button is release it will stop directly. Let say if the red button is pressed, then it will actuated the coi

68、l in relay 1 and then it will change over the switch and supply will flow to the motor and to the second relay which will go directly to negative terminal and the motor will rotate clock-wise. Vice versa, if the black bu

69、tton is pressed [11]</p><p>　　Figure 5: Switch circuit</p><p>　　CONSLUSIONS </p><p>　　Considering all available car jacks in the market, this prototype can be improved by a few modi

70、fications on the features and design. The objectives are to design a car jack that is safe, reliable and able to raise and lower the level, to develop a car jack that is powered by internal car power and automated with b

71、uttons system. Although this car jack was design only on PERODUA Kancil, by using higher torque it is able to lift more loads such as Proton Wira® and Proton Iswara® car. </p><p>　　Acknowledgments

72、 The financial support by University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and final </p><p>　　year student Amir Iskandar Bin Ariffin is grateful acknowledged.</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　1. Amer

73、ican Lift Institute, ALI brochure‘Automotive Lift - Purchase </p><p>　　Considerations’. July 2004. </p><p>　　2. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Department of Health andageing ‘S

74、afety Alert working under a vehicle’. Brochure 2007. </p><p>　　3. Boston Jacks Corporation, jacking beams Manufacturer ISO 9002 (BS5750) 500 Gale Street Dagenham Essex RM9 4NU.Tel: +44 (0)20 8593 7514 Fax:

75、+44 (0)20 8595 2923, www.boston-ge.com (Oct 2008). </p><p>　　4. Edward M.Lonon, East Orange,N.J,US ‘Motorized Jack’. United States Patent. Patent number: 5085407.Date of Patent: Feb 4, 1992. </p><

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77、;　　6. Hon Jennifer Rankine, Minister for Consumer Affairs, Government of South Australia. News release: ’Vehicle jack that can’t stand the strain’ Tuesday 31st July 2007 </p><p>　　7. Jay Heizer and Barry R

78、ender, Operations Management, Sixth Edition: Pearson International Edition. 2006. </p><p>　　8. Joseph E.Shigley, 7th edition, Mechanical engineering Design, 2004 </p><p>　　9. Kalpakjian S. and

79、 Schmid S.R Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Fourth Edition: Prentice Hall International, 2001. </p><p>　　10. Mackubin Thomas Owens. The Washington Times: USMA report on the Integration and Performa

80、nce of Women at West Point. Oct 10, 1998. </p><p>　　11. Pat L. Mangonon ,The Principles of materials selection for engineering </p><p>　　design, Design, selection, and failure of materials, pg 4

81、32, 1999. </p><p>　　12. Pat L. Mangonon, The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design, selection, and failure of materials, pg 433-436, 1999. </p><p>　　13. Steve Levenste

82、in, US. ’Railcar jack Assembly’ US Patent Issued on September 11, 1993, Patent number: 5876018. </p><p>　　14. William H. Crouse and Donald L. Anglin, Automotive Mechanics 10th edition, 1993 </p><p