外文翻譯--樓宇智能化技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p><b>　　中文5080字</b></p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p>　　樓宇智能化技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　摘要：介紹樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的概念，分析集散系統(tǒng)DCS、現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)FCS、工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)等計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用、研究現(xiàn)狀及優(yōu)缺點。討

2、論幾種現(xiàn)場總線在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，分析存在的問題。展望樓宇自控系統(tǒng)及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的研究方向和發(fā)展趨勢，家居自動化有可能成為樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)集成的一個子系統(tǒng)，節(jié)能研究、新能源開發(fā)利用、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)在智能樓宇領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也將成為樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的重要研究方向。</p><p>　　隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，人們對生活環(huán)境的安全、高效、舒適提出了要求，應(yīng)運而生的樓宇智能化技術(shù)目前在我國各類建筑中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，它是集建筑技術(shù)

3、、計算機技術(shù)、自動化技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)以及系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)為一體的一個新興但發(fā)展又十分迅猛的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展更是突飛猛進，計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、商業(yè)、金融、科研、教育、農(nóng)業(yè)及日常生活等方面，已經(jīng)在影響并逐步改變?nèi)藗兊墓ぷ魃罘绞健?lt;/p><p>　　1 樓宇智能化技術(shù)概況</p><p>　　智能建筑在國際上又稱為3A建筑，它包括以下幾個部分：BAS (Building Aut

4、omation System)為樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)、CAS(Communication Automation System) 為通信自動化系統(tǒng)、OA S (O f ice Automation System)為辦公自動化系統(tǒng)，通過SCS (Structured cabling System)結(jié)構(gòu)化綜合布線系統(tǒng)把上述三個系統(tǒng)有機結(jié)合起來。中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《智能建筑設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB /T50314-2000) 中智能建筑(IB) 的定義是：它是以建

5、筑為平臺，兼?zhèn)浣ㄖO(shè)備、辦公自動化及通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，集結(jié)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)、服務(wù)、管理及它們之間的最優(yōu)化組合，給人們提供一個安全、高效、舒適、便利的建筑環(huán)境。樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)是智能建筑中最基本和最重要的組成部分，它利用計算機及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、自動控制技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)構(gòu)建的高度自動化的綜合管理和控制系統(tǒng)，將大樓內(nèi)部各種設(shè)備連接到一個控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)對其進行綜合的控制，這些設(shè)備包括空調(diào)、照明設(shè)備、電梯、消防設(shè)備、安防設(shè)備等等。它確保建筑物 內(nèi)的舒適和安全的

6、辦公環(huán)境，同時實現(xiàn)高效節(jié)能的要求。</p><p>　　樓宇智能化技術(shù)中網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　智能建筑系統(tǒng)是將大樓內(nèi)的若干個既相對獨立又相互關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)組成具有一定規(guī)模的大系統(tǒng)。這其中計算機通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)是智能建筑系統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，它把現(xiàn)有的分離設(shè)備、功能、信息組合到一個相互關(guān)聯(lián)的、統(tǒng)一的、協(xié)調(diào)的系統(tǒng)之中，實現(xiàn)語音、數(shù)據(jù)、圖像的綜合傳輸、交換、處理和應(yīng)用。樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)(BA S

7、)是智能大廈的各智能化系統(tǒng)中發(fā)展歷史最長的子系統(tǒng)，也是最核心的子系統(tǒng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇智能化技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用主要就體現(xiàn)在這一子系統(tǒng)中，因此，下面主要圍繞樓宇自動化這一子系統(tǒng)展開探討。</p><p>　　2.1 集散型控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　集散型計算機控制系統(tǒng)(DCCS)又名分布式計算機控制系統(tǒng)，簡稱集散型控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)。集散型控制系統(tǒng)的實質(zhì)是利用

8、計算機技術(shù)對生產(chǎn)過程進行集中監(jiān)控、操作、管理和分散控制的一種新型的控制技術(shù)。采用三級結(jié)構(gòu)模式，即控制（工程師站）、操作（操作站）、現(xiàn)場儀表（儀表站）。DCS是由計算機技術(shù)、信號處理技術(shù)、測量控制技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)和人機接口技術(shù)相互發(fā)展和滲透而產(chǎn)生的。在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中，典型的產(chǎn)品有西門子公司的S600A POGEE樓宇自控系統(tǒng)，它是由中央工作站、各種DDC控制器及各類傳感器、執(zhí)行機構(gòu)組成，能夠完成多種控制及管理功能。傳統(tǒng)的DCS系統(tǒng)存在

9、的問題有：（1）其I/ O 信號采用傳統(tǒng)的模擬量信號，因此，它無法在DCS 工程師站上對現(xiàn)場儀表(比如變送器、執(zhí)行器等) 進行遠(yuǎn)方診斷、維護和組態(tài)；（2）由于各廠家產(chǎn)品自成一體，系統(tǒng)相對封閉，產(chǎn)品互換性能差，系統(tǒng)擴展難。</p><p>　　2.2 現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　現(xiàn)場總線控制系統(tǒng)FCS（Fieldb

10、us Control System）是用于現(xiàn)場儀表與控制系統(tǒng)和控制室之間的一種全分散、全數(shù)字化、智能、雙向、多變量、多點、多站的通信系統(tǒng)。現(xiàn)場總線控制系統(tǒng)技術(shù)上具有的特點是：（1）系統(tǒng)開放性，即通信協(xié)議公開，各廠家的設(shè)備之間可互聯(lián)為系統(tǒng)并實現(xiàn)信息交換。（2）可互操作性與可互用性，不同廠家類似產(chǎn)品可實現(xiàn)互換。（3）現(xiàn)場設(shè)備的智能化與功能自治性，即現(xiàn)場設(shè)備本身就能完成自動控制的基本功能，并隨時診斷設(shè)備的運行狀態(tài)。（4）系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)高度分散，根本

11、上改變了DCS集中與分散相結(jié)合的集散系統(tǒng)框架，提高了可靠性和對現(xiàn)場環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性。為克服DCS系統(tǒng)的不足，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)引入了現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)，目前，常用在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中常用的現(xiàn)場總線有LonWorks現(xiàn)場總線、EIB現(xiàn)場總線等。針對樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的特點推出的樓宇自動控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent的應(yīng)用也十分流行。</p><p>　　2.2.1 LonWorks現(xiàn)場總線</p><p>　　

12、LonWorks現(xiàn)場總線是目前樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用較多的現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)。它是美國Wchelom公司于1991年推出的EON (Local OperrationgNetworks)技術(shù)，又稱Lonworks技術(shù)。LonTalk網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議和神經(jīng)元芯片是LonWorks 的核心技術(shù)。目前，多種樓宇自動化控制系統(tǒng)都支持LonWorks技術(shù)，如霍尼偉爾公司的EBI系統(tǒng)、西門子公司的APOGEE系統(tǒng)、江森公司的METASYS系統(tǒng)等。LonWorks技術(shù)

13、的缺點是其所需要神經(jīng)元芯片的工作溫度范圍較窄、操作復(fù)雜、價格昂貴。</p><p>　　2.2.2 EIB現(xiàn)場總線</p><p>　　EIB是歐洲安裝總線(European Installation Bus)的縮寫。它在1990年被提出，經(jīng)過十多年的發(fā)展，成為歐洲最有影響的建筑智能化現(xiàn)場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在歐洲得到了進300家廠商的支持。它主要通過電力電纜傳輸信號，避免了重復(fù)布線帶來的諸多麻煩

14、，如ABB i-bus EIB系統(tǒng)。在國內(nèi)智能樓宇中EIB技術(shù)也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。</p><p><b>　　其他現(xiàn)場總線</b></p><p>　　CAN（Controller Area Network）即控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主要用于過程檢測及控制。80年代初由德國BOSCH公司提出的一種串行通信協(xié)議?，F(xiàn)已成為國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在工業(yè)過程中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。在樓宇自動化化系統(tǒng)中也

15、得到應(yīng)用，如S2000樓宇自控系統(tǒng)。CAN總線的特點是：開發(fā)費用低，技術(shù)相對其他現(xiàn)場總線簡單，但總線上掛的接點過少，滿足不了樓宇系統(tǒng)的要求。Profibus現(xiàn)場總線，它是唯一全集成過程和工廠自動化的現(xiàn)場總線解決方案，是一種不依賴于廠家的開放式現(xiàn)場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在智能樓宇中也得到了應(yīng)用，其存在的問題是與高層的廣域網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接比較復(fù)雜，因而應(yīng)用受到限制。</p><p>　　樓宇自動控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent</p

16、><p>　　由于各國及各大公司為維護自身利益，長期以來現(xiàn)場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有得到統(tǒng)一。樓宇自動化控制系統(tǒng)也同樣面臨類似的境況，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)較為龐大，它包括供配電子系統(tǒng)、照明子系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)與冷熱源子系統(tǒng)、給排水子系統(tǒng)、電梯自控子系統(tǒng)以及安防子系統(tǒng)、消防子系統(tǒng)等，各子系統(tǒng)甚至可以再細(xì)分。而各個廠家則根據(jù)自身優(yōu)勢針對某個或某幾個子系統(tǒng)推出了自己的產(chǎn)品。因此，在實際工程應(yīng)用中，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)工程實際上是一項系統(tǒng)集成的工作，各子系

17、統(tǒng)一般都選用不同廠家的產(chǎn)品，這就存在不同的現(xiàn)場總線協(xié)議在整個系統(tǒng)中相互兼容的問題。這樣一個背景下，樓宇自動控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent應(yīng)運而生。智能建筑控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議發(fā)展至今，BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以其先進的技術(shù)、完善的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和開放的理念正式成為建筑智能化系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域中的唯一ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ISO 16484-5）。嚴(yán)格地說，BACnet并不是現(xiàn)場總線，而是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，即通信規(guī)則，它為不同商家產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)之間進行信息交流提供平臺和支持。參照OSI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

18、模型，BACnet包含了應(yīng)用層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)層、幾種數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和物理層共四層協(xié)議。BACnet采用五種網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)(Ethernet,Arcnet,MS/TP, PT</p><p>　　BACnet在我國建筑領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用范圍還是相對較小，而且在工程中采用的BACnet產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)也基本上全部是從國外引進的，還沒有真正意義上的國產(chǎn)化BACnet相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。但BACnet應(yīng)是樓宇智能化發(fā)展趨勢。目前，樓宇自動化集成也在這方面開展研

19、究工作。</p><p>　　2.3 FCS和DCS綜合技術(shù)在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　FCS采用的是全分布式控制，上位機需要采用巡檢的方式采集各個智能節(jié)點上的數(shù)據(jù)，因此在上位管理機和節(jié)點間屬于多對一通訊，容易引起網(wǎng)絡(luò)的阻塞，且一旦發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)阻塞，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率將顯著降低。DCS系統(tǒng)通過彌補自身不足發(fā)展到了第四代，硬件結(jié)構(gòu)也得到豐富，由工程師站、操作站、現(xiàn)場控制站、

20、通信控制站、打印服務(wù)站、系統(tǒng)服務(wù)器、管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)、系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)等組成。這一代DCS系統(tǒng)充分體現(xiàn)了信息化、集成化的特點，系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)開放，其現(xiàn)場控制層支持多種現(xiàn)場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。實際的智能樓宇工程系統(tǒng)龐大、復(fù)雜，DDC控制器在很多樓宇系統(tǒng)中仍在廣泛應(yīng)用。因此，仔細(xì)分析目前樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)實質(zhì)上是現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)和DCS系統(tǒng)的綜合。該結(jié)構(gòu)分為三層：管理層，采用某種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議進行通信, 這種開放性使得管理信息集成更加容易；自動化層，采用基于控制總線樓宇自

21、動化系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議的DDC分站控制器，該層具有以DCS為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)驗，各種控制功能、應(yīng)用軟件比較完善，易于處理DDC分站之間的控制協(xié)調(diào)；現(xiàn)場層，采用基于現(xiàn)場總線的I/O 模塊或現(xiàn)場DDC 控制器，在該層上控制功能相對簡單，因此既能充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)場總線的優(yōu)點，又能避免復(fù)雜控制算法實</p><p>　　2.4 以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　一方面，由于現(xiàn)有的現(xiàn)

22、場總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過多，不同類型的現(xiàn)場總線設(shè)備均配有專用的通信協(xié)議，互相之間不能兼容，無法實現(xiàn)互操作，成本高昂、并且需要專人維護。另一方面，由于以太網(wǎng)具有全開放、成本低、帶寬高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性高、應(yīng)用廣泛、共享資源豐富等優(yōu)點，將其應(yīng)用到工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)己經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域研究的熱點。工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)可以利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，給工業(yè)自動化領(lǐng)域中的每臺設(shè)備賦予一個IP地址，將現(xiàn)場設(shè)備通過各種途徑連接在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。這些設(shè)備可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)互相傳遞信息和數(shù)據(jù)，因而具有了遠(yuǎn)

23、程維護功能并能從Internet獲取信息。近年，企業(yè)、科研機構(gòu)都在研究開發(fā)各種帶以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的現(xiàn)場設(shè)備，并且這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口已應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場。很自然，以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)也同樣進入了樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的研究領(lǐng)域。目前，以太網(wǎng)多用于基于現(xiàn)場總線的樓宇自控網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成到智能建筑信息管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一環(huán)節(jié)，即Ethernet總線技術(shù)。在一些新開發(fā)的樓宇自控系統(tǒng)中，以太網(wǎng)直接進入了控制層，如北京樓宇自動化中心開發(fā)的基于以太網(wǎng)的ENC-20011P智能建筑測控系統(tǒng)。<

24、;/p><p>　　在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中采用以太網(wǎng)的優(yōu)點是實現(xiàn)了從管理層到現(xiàn)場設(shè)備控制層通信協(xié)議的兼容和統(tǒng)一，這樣，系統(tǒng)擴展起來也比較方便，與智能建筑中其它系統(tǒng)(通信自動化系統(tǒng)和辦公自動化系統(tǒng))集成起來也更加容易。但它也存在缺點：首先，目前開發(fā)基于以太網(wǎng)的控制系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的難度較大，開發(fā)費用和成本相對較高，用戶可以選擇的廠商也很有限，壟斷利潤較高，研發(fā)成本還沒有被消化，這些都導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品價格過高；其次，以太網(wǎng)的實時性、可靠性等

25、方面還有待進一步完善。</p><p>　　3 樓宇自動化控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展趨勢分析</p><p>　　隨著科技發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟的全球化趨勢，企業(yè)間的競爭加劇，現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必將趨向統(tǒng)一，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的現(xiàn)場總線通信協(xié)議也必然隨之趨于統(tǒng)一。BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在我國將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。同時，以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)由于其協(xié)議完全開放、成本低，隨著研究工作不斷深入，設(shè)備的以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口技術(shù)的成熟，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)在樓宇自動

26、化領(lǐng)域?qū)⒌玫綇V泛應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　目前，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用主要集中在建筑公共資源中，主要包括供配電、照明、空調(diào)與冷熱源、給排水、電梯自控、安防、消防、綜合保安、車庫管理、自動抄表等子系統(tǒng)。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的不斷深入，安全、舒適、節(jié)能、快捷的工作生活環(huán)境的內(nèi)涵不斷豐富，樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的研究將進一步深入，范圍也將進一步擴展，將擴展到家庭生活空間。各種以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的研究將推動家用電器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化使得家居自動化有

27、可能成為樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)集成的一個子系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　隨著樓宇智能化技術(shù)的發(fā)展特別是以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)在樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，傳統(tǒng)的“3A”說法將淡化，系統(tǒng)趨于統(tǒng)一，OAS、CAS、BAS界限將更加模糊。系統(tǒng)集成將更加簡便，樓宇智能化系統(tǒng)的成本也將進一步下降。 </p><p>　　能源危機已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代的急需解決的問題，也成了當(dāng)前研究的熱點。樓宇智能化系統(tǒng)可對能源進行科學(xué)合理的分配達到節(jié)

28、能的目的。因此，高效節(jié)能也將是樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要方向，這其中也包括新能源的利用，如目前的太陽能光伏建筑。如何在智能建筑中利用光伏電能也將是智能樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)研究和發(fā)展的一個方向。無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以省去布線，節(jié)約資源，在樓宇自控網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中也有較大的研究和應(yīng)用價值。</p><p>　　樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)結(jié)合緊密，DCS和現(xiàn)場總線在目前樓宇自控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)得到應(yīng)用廣泛，但也存在一些諸如沒有統(tǒng)一協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以致集成成本過

29、高等問題。BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以其先進的技術(shù)、完善的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和開放的理念正式成為建筑智能化系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域中的唯一ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)由于其全開放、成本低、帶寬高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性高、應(yīng)用廣泛、共享資源豐富等優(yōu)點將成為樓宇自控系統(tǒng)研究應(yīng)用的熱點。家居自動化、家用智能電器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化在不久的將來也將進入樓宇自動化控制系統(tǒng)的研究應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。節(jié)能研究、新能源開發(fā)利用、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)在智能樓宇領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也將成為樓宇自動化系統(tǒng)的重要研究方向。&

30、lt;/p><p><b>　　英文原文：</b></p><p>　　On Network’s Status Quo and Development Tendency of Building Intelligence Technology</p><p>　　Abstract: This paper presents the concept of

31、 building automation system, and analyzes the application and research states of DCS, FCS and Ethernet network in building automation system, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the current applicat

32、ions of some kind of FCS in BAS, analyzes the existent problems and gives expectation of the research and application trend of the building automation system and network application. Domestic automation system will be a

33、subsystem of BAS</p><p>　　With economic development, people's living environment for the safe, efficient, comfortable and set forth requirements, the building came into being intelligent technology in al

34、l types of construction in China has been widely applied, it is set construction technology, computer technology, Automation technology, communications technology and system integration technology for a new one but also

35、a very rapid development of technology. The development of network technology is advancing by leaps and</p><p>　　1 building intelligent technology Overview</p><p>　　Intelligent Building in the

36、 international community also known as the 3A building, which includes the following sections: BAS (Building Automation System) for the building automation system, CAS (Communication Automation System) for the communicat

37、ions automation systems, OAS (O f ice Automation System) for the office automation system, through the SCS (Structured cabling System) structured cabling system to the integrated systems combine the three. China's na

38、tional standard "intelligent building</p><p>　　2 building intelligent technology in the application and network technology research</p><p>　　Intelligent Building Systems is building both th

39、e number of relatively independent and interrelated systems of a certain number of large-scale systems. Among these computer communication network is intelligent building system of the nervous system, the separation of t

40、he existing equipment, functions, information to a combination of interrelated, unified, coordinated system, voice, data, images of the integrated transmission, Exchange, processing and application. Building Automation S

41、ystem (BAS) </p><p>　　2.1 The Distributed Control System (DCS) in the building automation system of review.</p><p>　　Distributed computer control system (DCCS), also known as distributed compute

42、r control system, called Distributed Control System (DCS). Distributed Control System, in essence, is using computer technology to the production process to focus on monitoring, operation, management and decentralized co

43、ntrol of a new control technology. A three-structure model, that is, control (engineers Station), operation (Operation points), field instrumentation (meters Station). DCS by computer technology, signal </p><p

44、>　　2.2 fieldbus technology in the building automation system and the application of research</p><p>　　Fieldbus control system FCS (Fieldbus Control System) is used for field instrument and control system

45、between the control room and a fully distributed, all-digital, intelligent, bi-directional, multi-variable, multi-point, multi-station communication system. Fieldbus control system with the technical characteristics are:

46、 (1) open system, open communication protocol, the manufacturers of equipment for interconnection between the system and to achieve exchange of information. (2) interoperability </p><p>　　2.2.1 LonWorks Fiel

47、dbus</p><p>　　LonWorks Field Bus is the building automation system in the application of more fieldbus technology. It is Wchelom companies in the United States in 1991 launched the EON (Local OperrationgNetw

48、orks) technology, also known as Lonworks technology. LonTalk network protocols and neurons LonWorks chip is the core technology. At present, a variety of building automation control systems are in support of LonWorks tec

49、hnology, such as Huo Ni Wei Seoul's EBI system, the Siemens APOGEE system, Johnson's ME</p><p>　　2.2.2 EIB Fieldbus</p><p>　　EIB is the European Installation Bus (European Installation B

50、us) acronym. It was proposed in 1990, after 10 years of development, become the most influential European fieldbus intelligent building standards in Europe, has been into the 300 manufacturers for their support. It is ma

51、inly through the power cable transmission signals, to avoid a repeat of the wiring many troubles, such as ABB i-bus EIB system. Intelligent buildings in the country in the EIB technology has been widely used.</p>

52、<p>　　2.2.3 other Fieldbus</p><p>　　CAN (Controller Area Network) that the controller local area network, mainly used for detection and control of the process . In the early 1980s by the German company

53、BOSCH a serial communication protocol. Has now become the international standard, in the industrial process has been widely used. In the building automation system has also been applied, such as the S2000 Building Automa

54、tion System. CAN bus is characterized by: the development of low-cost, technology compared with other fieldbus sim</p><p>　　2.2.4 building automation network communication protocol BACent</p><p>

55、;　　As all countries and all major companies to protect their own interests, for a long time fieldbus standards are not uniform. Building automation control system is also facing a similar situation, a huge building autom

56、ation system, which includes power supply systems, lighting systems, air conditioning and cold and heat source system, water supply and drainage systems, elevators and security of automatic control systems Systems, fire

57、systems, subsystems or even the subdivision. The various manufa</p><p>　　BACnet in China in the field of construction or the application of relatively small, but also in the works in a BACnet products and te

58、chnologies are basically all introduced from abroad, but also no real sense of the localization of BACnet related products. However, BACnet is the development trend of intelligent buildings. At present, the building auto

59、mation integration is also carrying out research work in this area.</p><p>　　2.3 FCS and DCS integrated technology in the building automation system of application</p><p>　　FCS is the use of dis

60、tributed control, the need for a toppolling in all the way collecting data on the smart nodes, in the upper-management and communications nodes of an Duodui Yi, easily lead to network congestion, and in case of network c

61、ongestion , On the network data transmission efficiency will be significantly reduced. DCS system through their own lack of development to make up for a fourth-generation, hardware structure has also been enriched by the

62、 station engineers, operating station, </p><p>　　2.4 Ethernet technology in the building automation system and the application of research</p><p>　　On the one hand, as the existing standard Fiel

63、dbus too many different types of Fieldbus are standard equipment for the communications protocol, not compatible with each other, unable to achieve interoperability, high costs and the need to maintain service. On the ot

64、her hand, Ethernet is all open, low-cost, high-bandwidth, high stability and reliability, widely used to share the advantages of rich resources, its application to an industrial network has been a domestic and internatio

65、nal research i</p><p>　　In the building automation system using Ethernet is to realize the benefits from the management of equipment to the scene to control the compatibility of the communication protocol an

66、d unified so that the system has expanded to more convenient, and the Intelligent Building of the other systems (communications automation systems and Office automation system) also integrate more easily. But it also sho

67、rtcomings: First of all, the current development of Ethernet-based control system products more d</p><p>　　3 building automation control system development trend analysis</p><p>　　With technolog

68、ical development and economic trend of globalization, increased competition among enterprises, fieldbus technical standards will tend to unity, building automation system in the field bus communication protocol are bound

69、 to result tends to reunification. BACnet standards in China will be widely used. At the same time, Ethernet technology because of its agreement completely open, low cost, with the continuous in-depth research, equipment

70、 Ethernet interface technology matures, indust</p><p>　　At present, the building automation system of mainly concentrated in the construction of public resources, including power supply, lighting, air condit

71、ioning and cold and heat source, water supply and drainage, the lift-controlled, security, fire protection, comprehensive security, garage management, automatic meter reading , And other subsystems. With the continuous a

72、pplication of network technology in-depth, safety, comfort, energy saving, efficient working and living environment to constantly</p><p>　　With the development of intelligent buildings in particular, Etherne

73、t technology in the building automation system of the traditional "3 A" that will be watered down, the system tends to reunification, OAS, CAS, BAS boundaries will become even more blurred. Systems integration

74、will become more simple, the cost of building intelligent system will decline further. </p><p>　　The energy crisis has become an urgent need to solve contemporary problems, has become a hot current research.

75、 Intelligent Building of the energy system can be carried out to achieve scientific and rational distribution of energy-saving purposes. Therefore, highly efficient energy-saving building automation will also be an impor

76、tant direction of development of the system, which also includes the use of new energy sources, such as the current solar photovoltaic construction. How intelligent build</p><p>　　Building automation system

77、and work closely with the network technology, DCS and field bus in the current building automation system has been applied widely, but there are also some agreement, such as no uniform standards so that issues such as in

78、tegration costs too high. BACnet standard with its advanced technology, improve the architecture and the concept of open architecture intelligent system to become the only area of ISO standards, will be widely used. Indu